First Aid for Heat Balance, Burns, and Other Conditions PDF

Heat Balance Disorders Frostbite, Heat Stroke and Burns Dr. Onur Cukurluoglu  Hypothermia When the body loses heat faster than it can produce heat, causing a dangerously low body temperature. Normal body temperature is around 98.6 F (37 C) , body tempe...

Heat Balance Disorders Frostbite, Heat Stroke and Burns Dr. Onur Cukurluoglu  Hypothermia When the body loses heat faster than it can produce heat, causing a dangerously low body temperature. Normal body temperature is around 98.6 F (37 C) , body temperature falls below 95 F (35 C).  Management Get them inside near a heat source Remove wet clothes and replace dry one Cover with blankets , use heat packs Avoid alcohol , caffeine Get medical help  Frostbite lack of sufficient blood supply to the area exposed to cold and damage to the tissue Peripheral part of body, hands and feet’s finger ear and nose  Frostbite Stage 1 : Frost nip Cold and pale skin Numbness , weakness , tingling  Frostbite Stage 2 : Superficial Frostbite tenderness Edema, swelling, pain, blisters  Frostbite Stage 3 : Deep Frostbite Tissue necrosis Irreversible damage  First aid for frostbite Get them inside near a heat source Remove wet clothes and replace dry one Cover with blankets , use heat packs Blisters are never broken , cover with bandages Never rub the frozen parts, let it warm up Get medical help  Heat exhaustion (Hyperthermia) Body is absorbed more heat dissipate Elevated body temperatures over 39C Dehydration  Heat exhaustion (Hyperthermia) Move the patient to cool area Remove the clothes Elevate legs Use Fan Use cold compresses with towels or cold pack Give fluids slowly Get the medical assistance  Heat Stroke Body temperature over 40C Unconscious Remove the patient to cool area Recovery Position Call an ambulance Monitor ABC Fan cold towels and cold pack Do not give fluid  Burns Skin or underlying Tissue damage caused by any heat exposure. Thermal Burns Electricity Burns Chemical Burns Radiation Burns (sun) Friction Burns  Prevention Use Safety Rules Use Safety equipment with chemicals Hire professionals for work dealing electricity Avoid sun exposure Keep the children from heat object (Stove boiling water ) and Power outlets  Burns 1 st. degree Dermal superficial damage Redness and slight pain Edema and swelling  Burns 2 nd. degree Dermal and epidermal damage Very Painful Blisters on the skin (bullae) Edema and swelling  Burns 3 rd. degree Subcutaneous tissue damage It affects muscles, nerves, vessels. Painless due to nerve damage Life threatening  Affects of Burns Organs or system disfunction depending on depth , extension and body part Shock due to pain and fluid loss. Risk of infections due to disruption of skin barrier integrity  Thermal Burns Fire , Hot object (stove), boiled water If the person is still on fire, prevent panic and prevent him/her from running. Clothes are removed. person is covered with a blanket Monitor with ABC keep under cold water for at least 20 minutes. Rings, bracelets etc. are removed as edema may occur.  Thermal Burns 1st. Grade : keep under cold water for at least 20 minutes use cold pack use pain relief ointment 2 nd. Grade : dont break blisters, cover area with clean clothes Do not use butter, yogurt or toothpaste 3 rd. Grade: do not put anything on the wound  Electricity Burns Safety : check the wires and electric currents must be cut off If it is not possible to cut the current, the person's contact should be cut with an insulating material. Monitor with ABC Check the entrance end exit wound Recovery positon Call an ambulance  Chemical Burns Safety: Use gloves be careful chemical spills Remove the clothes Wash the affected area with water Monitor with ABC Call an ambulance Disorders of Consciousness Dr. Onur Cukurluoglu  Syncope (Black out / Fainting ) It is a short-term and temporary loss of consciousness decreased blood flow to the brain. Causes of fainting Fear, extreme excitement, Heat, fatigue, indoor environment, polluted air, stand up suddenly, Low blood sugar, Severe infections  Symptoms Dizziness Fainting, fall for no reason Numbness in the legs, Blurred consciousness, Pallor of the face, Getting cold, Sweat, Fast and weak pulse.  First aid for Syncope Curiosity is removed from the surroundings. The injured is placed on his back his feet are raised 30 cm. Airway patency is checked and maintained. Tight clothes is loosened. If there is vomiting, he is kept in side position.  Shock Poor circulation to the vital organs Very serious and life threatening  Types Septic shock : infection Anaphylactic shock: severe allergy Cardiogenic shock : heart attack Hypovolemic shock: Dehydration , bleeding Neurogenic shock: brain or spinal cord injury  Signs of shock unusually behavior (extremely calm or very anxious ) Lack of pain to an injury Rapit and superficial breathing Low blood pressure Pallor or bluish skin unconscious  First aid in shock İf patient conscious , make him relax Make a space for fresh air Airway Patency Check the bleeding and stop the bleeding 30 cm Give him shock position Monitor with ABC Keep him warm Call the ambulance  Coma Prolonged loss of consciousness Loss of vital reflexes , swallowing or coughing  Heart Attack Heart electrical system problem Artery in the hart muscle ruptures or become blocked Pain at chest , shoulder ,neck or back Bluish , pale skin Weak pulse Shallow rapid breathing nausea and vomiting  First aid for Heart Attack Lay the person floor Call the ambulance immediately Monitor with ABC Start CPR if it is needed  Angina İt means chest pain Diagnosed by cardiologist İt is a first warning for heart attack İf the patient have a diagnosis they always carry their medications. You can help them for take this medication Call ambulance monitor with ABC  Seizure Neurolic disorder , the signals in the brain become mixed up Most common : epilepsy Brain trauma/tumors , allergic reactions, fever in children  Management generalized convulsive Seizure Keep calm , do not try to stop seizure Protect person from further injuries Place soft things under their head Do not force anything in the mouth Loosen tight clothes Rol the patient side position to allow saliva drain away Longer than 5 minutes call the ambulance  Management Partial non-convulsive Seizure Stay with person , do not try to stop seizure Keep person away from danger Be comforting, be gentle Stay with them become reoriented Send him a helth facility  Strokes Sudent brain damage due to lack of oxygen caused by blocage blood flow with clot or rupture of an artery Medical terms: Cerobrovascular accident (CVA) Trombotic/ischemic stroke (blod clots) Hemorrhagic stroke Transient ischemic attack (TIA): mini stroke temporary blod clot Embolic Stroke : blood clots come from other part of the body  Signs of Stroke Paralysis on one side Face drooping Weakness Nonsense speech Trouble understanding Decrasing level of consciousness  Management Make them comfortable Call an ambulance Reassure them Monitor them till the medical assistance arrive  Concussion Injury to the head and brain Direct or indirect impact Pain or numbness Confused , loss of memory dizzy , ringing in the ears Nausea and vomiting  First aid for concussion Make sure the person doesn’t move Call the ambulance Monitor with abc Start CPR if it needed Open airway with Jaw thrust maneuver  Jaw thrust maneuver displaces the mandible forward by pushing the posterior aspects of the lower jaw with the index and middle fingers  Concussion Often accompanied by spinal trauma It is very life treating situations many athletes continue to play despite a head injury and this should not be allowed. Be careful abut children and baby because they don’t explain them selfe correctly.