BIOL 223A In-Class Final Exam Review 2024 Fall PDF

**BIOL 223A -- 002- In-class Final Exam Review** December 9, 2024, Fall Nevada State University Dr. Kebede 1. Marathon runner in Las Vegas, hot weather and drank a lot of water. As a result of the water intake what will happen to his cells? - Lyse -- cell would rupture. 2. The corn...

**BIOL 223A -- 002- In-class Final Exam Review** December 9, 2024, Fall Nevada State University Dr. Kebede 1. Marathon runner in Las Vegas, hot weather and drank a lot of water. As a result of the water intake what will happen to his cells? - Lyse -- cell would rupture. 2. The cornea is easy to transplant because of what? - Avascular - Easily accessible 3. What is the distribution of spinal nerves? How many for each section? - 8 cervical - 12 thoracic - 5 lumbar - 5 sacral - 1 coccygeal 4. Which abdominal muscles has its origin in the pubic crest and symphysis pubis? - Rectus abdominus 5. Which muscle causes crow's feet wrinkles? - Orbicularis oculi 6. Which type of contraction produces an increasing tension as the length remains constant? - Isometric 7. What do we call the time during which the tissue cannot respond again? - Refractory period 8. What is the condition in which the muscle fiber only partially relaxes between contractions? - Incomplete tetanus 9. What would happen is there is lack of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft? - Continuous muscle contraction 10. When acetylcholine binds to membrane bound receptor and causes ligand gated sodium channels to open what does that begin? - Depolarization 11. You have an 80-year-old patient who has a bent over stance with a noticeable hump in the back. - Gryphosis 12. What is skin color the result of? - The activity of the melanocytes or quantity of melanin in the skin 13. If a toxic drug inhibited mRNA synthesizes what would be affected? - Protein synthesis 14. When a cell uptake a bulk of material through the plasma membrane by vesicle formations what is that/ - Endocytosis 15. Damage to the vestibular branch of the vestibular cochlear nerve would result in what? - Loss of balance only no hearing 16. What is the contractile structure surrounding the pupil? - The iris 17. What is the transparent anterior portion of the sclera? - Cornea 18. Which area if damaged results in hesitant and distorted speech? - Broca's area 19. Which area is necessary for understanding and formulating coherent speech? - Wernicke's 20. What do we call the sensory structures that detect taste? - Taste buds. 21. The branch of which nerve are anesthetized before an episiotomy. - Pudendal nerve 22. What provides a fluid filled that reduces friction? - Bursa 23. Your patient has been diagnosed with a pituitary tumor which means the tumor is located where? - Sella turcica 24. What are the basic units in compact bone tissue? - Osteons - Haversian systems 25. Spongy bone tissue contains interconnecting plates called what? - Trabeculae 26. What's a disease occurring in children characterized by soft bowed and swollen bones. - Rickets 27. What factors would increase the rate of diffusion? - Temperature and concentration 28. What structure equalize air pressure between the middle ear and outside air? - Auditory tube 29. What do we call ringing in the ears/ - Tinnitus 30. Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve would result in loss of what? - Hearing and balance 31. What structure in the eye contains rods and cones? - Retina 32. What is the area of greatest visual acuity in the eye? - Fovea centralis 33. In order for a molecule to be detected by the olfactory neurons it must undergo what? - Dissolved in the mucus of the olfactory epithelium. 34. Damage of which nerve would be. Most life threatening? - Phrenic nerve -- innervates diaphragm. 35. What muscle accounts for a sprinter's stance? - Gluteus maximus 36. What is the action of flexor carpi radialis? - Flexes the wrist. 37. Which nervous system must be stimulated for increased motility of the digestive tract? - Parasympathetic 38. What is the muscle brachioradialis named for? - Insertion and origin 39. What do we call a constant tension produced by muscles for a long period of time? - Muscle tone 40. What occurs when cross bridges form but cannot release? - Rigor mortis 41. What muscle is used to pucker the mouth for kissing? - Orbicularis Oris 42. What bone condition is caused by wear and tear of the joint? - Osteoarthritis 43. What condition is a metabolic disorder caused by increase uric acid in blood? - Gout 44. Which muscle of the head erupts around the orbits? - Orbicularis oculi 45. What do we call the sites where the neuro motor neuron meets a muscle fiber, enabling the transmission of electrical impulses from the nerve to the muscle:  - Neuromuscular junction 46. A bone fracture generally found in children that is incomplete. - Greenstick fracture 47. Cyanide stops the production of ATP which process would be affected? - Active transport 48. Auditory impulses are transmitted by which portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve? - Cochlear branch 49. Which structures transmit from the membrane to the nerves? - Auditory ossicles 50. Which auditory ossicle is attached to the tympanic membrane? - Malleus 51. What do we call the age associated change that results in loss of accommodation in the eyes? - Presbyopia 52. What results from inhibition of the circular of the aqueous humor? - Glaucoma 53. What is the function of cone cells? - To see color 54. Oink eye is the acute inflammation of what structure? - Conjunctiva 55. What is the outermost tunic of the eyeball? - The sclera 56. Why does a person nose run when they cry? - They drain into the nasal cavity via the nasolacrimal duct. 57. What is the blink reflex designed to do? 58. You have a patient who exhibits an ability to not keep balance can initiate involuntary movements that are uncoordinated and loss of tone in the muscles what is the most likely condition? - Damage to the cerebellum. 59. Amputees frequently perceive pain in the amputated structure what is this pain called? - Phantom pain 60. When you lick the frosting off a knife with the tip of your tongue which cranial nerve is being used? - Facial nerve CN VII 61. Your patient exhibits retarded growth and inability to regulate water intake and elimination what part of the brain is involved? - Hypothalamus 62. The white matter of the cerebellum forming a branching network? - Arbor vitae 63. What portion of the brain stem is continuous with the spinal cord? - Medulla oblongata 64. What term do you use for the perception of position and movement of body parts? - Proprioception 65. An injury to the wrist that results in edema in carpal tunnel which nerve? - Median nerve 66. The thickest of the meninges Is? - Dura mater 67. How many pairs of cranial nerves and how many pairs of spinal nerves? - 12 cranial - 31 spinal 68. What part of the body system maintains homeostasis monitors internal and external stimuli and interprets or assesses information? - Nervous system 69. Saltatory conduction of an action potential means what/ - Action potential conducted from one node of Ranvier to the next node 70. What are the muscles that constitute the quadricep femoris? - Rectus femoris - Vastus laterals - Vastus medialis - Vastus intermedius 71. What muscles form the bulge of the calf? - Gastrocnemius and soleus 72. Biceps femoris is part of which group of muscles? - Hamstrings 73. A common site for injections? - Gluteus Medius 74. What are the muscles of the rotator cuff? - Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus - Teres minor - Subscapularis 75. A well-developed mentalis muscle would result in what? - A deep cleft in the chin -- dimpled chin 76. Muscles that have the fasciculi arranged like barbs of a feather are what? - Pennate 77. Which type of muscle tissue has spindle shaped cells? - Smooth muscle 78. Which type of joint is most moveable? - Synovial - Ball and socket 79. The portion of the coxal bone on which a person sits is called what? - Ischial tuberosity 80. The point of the elbow? - Olecranon process? 81. What condition results from the vertebral laminae to fuse? - Spinal bifida 82. Failure of the palatine process of the maxilla to fuse results in? - Cleft pallet 83. What does the ligamentum Nuchae do? - Keep the head erect. 84. Where is the sagittal suture located? - Between parietal bones 85. How do we determine the amount of body area that is burned? - Rule of nines 86. The space between developing skull bones that have no ossified is called? - Fontanels 87. The bluish tinge of skin due to reduction of oxygen? - Cyanosis 88. Which vitamin begins its synthesis in the skin when exposed to UV light? - Vitamin d 89. Which condition - Vitiligo 90. What's the difference in the number of melanocytes between light and dark skin races? - Same number 91. Which layer of the skin is found only in thick skin? - Stratum lucidum 92. What do we call accumulations of fluid in the tissue spaces? - Edema 93. What do we do to a large would to reduce risk of infection and help it to heal faster? - Sutures 94. What type of connective tissue is found between the vertebrae? - Fibrocartilage 95. Where is reticular tissue found? - Lymphatic tissue 96. What's the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands? - Endocrine secrets into bloodstream 97. What type of junction are intercalated discs? - Gap junctions 98. What type of epithelial tissues is found lining the trachea? - Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium 99. What type of epithelium tissues in bladder? - Transitional epithelium 100. Which type of epithelial tissue does not have good blood supply? - Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. 101. What do we call the removal of a tissue sample from a patient for diagnosis? - Biopsy 102. If you compare the cell to a manufactory plant what is the shipping dept/ - Golgi 103. Your patient was involved in a rear end accident? What is hyperextension of their head? - Whiplash injury. 104. If you smell the aroma of cookie baking what is this? - Diffusion 105. A patient laying on the stomach is in what position. - Prone 106. What does the term it is mean? - Inflammation 107. What do we call the hollow behind the knee? - Popliteal 108. What do you call the area in front of the elbow? - Antecubital 109. Which systems carries necessary compounds like oxygen through the body? - Cardiovascular system 110. Which subdivision of anatomy includes the study of organs that function together? - Systemic anatomy 111. The study of the external form of the body and its relationship with deeper structures is called what? - Surface anatomy 112. An anatomic image created from sound waves? - Sonogram 113. All the chemical reactions within a cell are known as? - Metabolism 114. Osmosis is diffusion of what? - water