Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the basic structural unit in compact bone tissue?
What is the basic structural unit in compact bone tissue?
What structure helps equalize air pressure between the middle ear and the outside air?
What structure helps equalize air pressure between the middle ear and the outside air?
What occurs to the cells of a marathon runner who drinks a lot of water in a hot environment?
What occurs to the cells of a marathon runner who drinks a lot of water in a hot environment?
Which nerve would cause the most life-threatening consequences if damaged?
Which nerve would cause the most life-threatening consequences if damaged?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the area of greatest visual acuity in the eye known as?
What is the area of greatest visual acuity in the eye known as?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main reason the cornea is considered easy to transplant?
What is the main reason the cornea is considered easy to transplant?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the condition called that results from increased uric acid in the blood?
What is the condition called that results from increased uric acid in the blood?
Signup and view all the answers
How many spinal nerves are there in the thoracic section?
How many spinal nerves are there in the thoracic section?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of the orbicularis oculi muscle?
What is the primary role of the orbicularis oculi muscle?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the vestibulocochlear nerve transmits auditory impulses?
Which part of the vestibulocochlear nerve transmits auditory impulses?
Signup and view all the answers
What do we call the constant tension produced by muscles over a long period?
What do we call the constant tension produced by muscles over a long period?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of muscle contraction occurs when tension increases while the length of the muscle remains unchanged?
Which type of muscle contraction occurs when tension increases while the length of the muscle remains unchanged?
Signup and view all the answers
What occurs when cross bridges form in muscle fibers but cannot be released?
What occurs when cross bridges form in muscle fibers but cannot be released?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens in the absence of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft?
What happens in the absence of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the binding of acetylcholine to receptors initiate?
What does the binding of acetylcholine to receptors initiate?
Signup and view all the answers
Damage to which area of the brain would result in hesitant and distorted speech?
Damage to which area of the brain would result in hesitant and distorted speech?
Signup and view all the answers
Which auditory ossicle is specifically attached to the tympanic membrane?
Which auditory ossicle is specifically attached to the tympanic membrane?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the age-related loss of accommodation in the eyes?
What is the term for the age-related loss of accommodation in the eyes?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition occurs as a result of inhibition of the circular flow of aqueous humor?
What condition occurs as a result of inhibition of the circular flow of aqueous humor?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of cone cells in the retina?
What is the primary function of cone cells in the retina?
Signup and view all the answers
What structure is acutely inflamed in the condition known as 'pink eye'?
What structure is acutely inflamed in the condition known as 'pink eye'?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating water intake and elimination?
Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating water intake and elimination?
Signup and view all the answers
The white matter of the cerebellum that forms a branching network is known as what?
The white matter of the cerebellum that forms a branching network is known as what?
Signup and view all the answers
What does saltatory conduction of an action potential refer to?
What does saltatory conduction of an action potential refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the ligamentum nuchae?
What is the function of the ligamentum nuchae?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following joints is classified as the most moveable type?
Which of the following joints is classified as the most moveable type?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle is NOT a part of the rotator cuff?
Which muscle is NOT a part of the rotator cuff?
Signup and view all the answers
What condition is characterized by the fusion of vertebral laminae?
What condition is characterized by the fusion of vertebral laminae?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary role of fibrocartilage found between the vertebrae?
What is the primary role of fibrocartilage found between the vertebrae?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of epithelial tissue is specifically found lining the trachea?
Which type of epithelial tissue is specifically found lining the trachea?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used for the accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces?
What is the term used for the accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces?
Signup and view all the answers
What layer of skin is present only in thick skin?
What layer of skin is present only in thick skin?
Signup and view all the answers
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
BIOL 223A - 002 - In-Class Final Exam Review
-
Marathon Runner in Hot Weather: Drinking excessive water in hot conditions can cause cell lysis (rupture).
-
Cornea Transplantation: Corneas are easy to transplant due to their avascular nature and accessibility.
-
Spinal Nerve Distribution: Spinal nerves are distributed as follows: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, and 5 sacral, plus 1 coccygeal.
-
Abdominal Muscles: The rectus abdominis originates from the pubic crest and symphysis pubis.
-
Facial Wrinkles: The orbicularis oculi muscle causes crow's feet wrinkles.
-
Isometric Contraction: Isometric contractions increase tension without changing muscle length.
-
Refractory Period: Refractory periods are times when tissues cannot respond again.
-
Incomplete Tetanus: Incomplete tetanus refers to a condition where muscle fibers only partially relax between contractions.
-
Acetylcholinesterase Deficiency: Lack of acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft leads to continuous muscle contraction.
-
Ligand-Gated Sodium Channels: Binding of acetylcholine to receptors triggers depolarization by opening ligand-gated sodium channels.
-
80-Year-Old Patient with Bent Stance: Gryphosis (humpback) may be a condition related to the patient's age and posture.
-
Skin Pigmentation: Skin color depends on melanocytes and the amount of melanin produced.
-
mRNA Inhibition: Inhibiting mRNA synthesis would affect protein synthesis.
-
Endocytosis: Bulk material uptake by a cell.
-
Vestibular Nerve Damage: Damage to the vestibular branch of the vestibular cochlear nerve only affects balance, not hearing.
-
Iris and Pupil: The iris surrounds the pupil and controls its size.
-
Sclera and Cornea: The transparent anterior portion of the sclera is the cornea.
-
Speech and Language Areas: Broca's area is for hesitant and distorted speech. and Wernicke's area for the understanding and formulating coherent speech.
-
Taste Buds: Taste buds are sensory structures used for taste detection.
-
Pudendal Nerve: The pudendal nerve is anesthetized before an episiotomy.
-
Bursae: Bursae are fluid-filled structures that reduce friction.
-
Pituitary Tumor Location: Pituitary tumors are located in the sella turcica.
-
Compact Bone Tissue Units: Compact bone tissue contains units called Haversian systems or osteons.
-
Spongy Bone: Spongy bone tissue has interconnecting plates called trabeculae.
-
Rickets: Rickets affects children, causing soft, bowed, and swollen bones.
-
Diffusion Factors: Temperature and concentration affect diffusion rates.
-
Middle Ear and Outside Air Pressure Equalization: The auditory tube equalizes air pressure between the middle ear and outside air.
-
Tinnitus: Tinnitus is the ringing in the ears.
-
Vestibulocochlear Nerve Branches and Functions: The cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve transmits auditory impulses, and the damage results in loss of hearing and balance.
-
Eye Structure for Vision: The retina contains rods and cones essential for vision. The fovea centralis is the area with the greatest visual acuity.
-
Olfactory Neuron Stimulation: Olfactory molecules must dissolve in the mucous for detection by neurons.
-
Life-Threatening Nerve Damage: Damage to the phrenic nerve is life-threatening because it controls the diaphragm.
-
Flexor Carpi Radialis Action: The flexor carpi radialis flexes the wrist.
-
Digestive Tract Stimulation: Parasympathetic system stimulation increases digestive tract motility.
-
Brachial Radialis Muscle Structure: The brachioradialis is named for its origin and insertion.
-
Muscle Tone: Muscle tone is a constant tension produced by muscles for a period of time.
-
Rigor Mortis: The cross bridges remain bound after death resulting in rigor mortis.
-
Orbicularis Oris Function: The orbicularis Oris muscle is used to pucker lips.
-
Osteoarthritis: Osteoarthritis is the result of wear and tear on a joint.
-
Gout: Gout is caused by elevated levels of uric acid in the blood.
-
Orbicularis Oculi Site in the Orbits: The Orbicularis oculi is a muscle around the orbits.
-
Neuromuscular Junction: Neuromuscular junction is where motor neurons meet muscle fibers for impulse transmission.
-
Incomplete Bone Fracture: Incomplete bone fractures, like greenstick fractures, are common in children.
-
Cyanide on ATP Production: Cyanide inhibits ATP production.
-
Auditory Impulses Transmission: The cochlear branch transmits auditory impulses.
-
Tympanic Membrane Attachment: The malleus is attached to the tympanic membrane.
-
Accommodation Loss in Eyes: Presbyopia is the age-related loss of accommodation in the eyes.
-
Aqueous Humor Inhibition: Inhibiting the circular muscles of the aqueous humor can cause glaucoma.
-
Cone Cell Function: Cone cells permit color vision.
-
Eye Structure: Acute Inflammation: Oink eye is inflammation of the conjunctiva.
-
Sclera: The outermost layer of the eyeball is the sclera.
-
Nose Run During Crying: Tears drain into the nasal cavity.
-
Balance and Coordination in the Brain: Damage to the cerebellum affects balance and coordination.
-
Phantom Pain: Phantom pain is the perception of pain in a missing limb.
-
Cranial Nerve for Tongue Tip Control: The facial nerve (CN VII) controls the muscles used for tongue tip action.
-
Brain Region for Water Balance: The hypothalamus is involved in regulating water intake and balance.
-
Cerebellum White Matter: The white matter of the cerebellum forms a branching network called arbor vitae.
-
Continuous Structure: The medulla oblongata is a continuous structure with the spinal cord.
-
Proprioception: Proprioception is the sensory perception of body position and movement.
-
Median Nerve and Carpal Tunnel: Injury to the median nerve in the carpal tunnel can cause edema.
-
Thickest Meninges: The dura mater is the thickest of the meninges.
-
Cranial and Spinal Nerve Pairs: 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
-
Homeostasis Monitoring System: The nervous system monitors internal and external stimuli for homeostasis.
-
Quadriceps Femoris: The rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius make up the quadriceps femoris.
-
Calf Muscles: The gastrocnemius and soleus muscles form the bulge of the calf.
-
Muscle Group for Biceps Femoris: Biceps femoris is part of the hamstring group.
-
Muscle Injection Sites: Gluteus medius is a common injection site.
-
Rotator Cuff Muscles: Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis are rotator cuff muscles.
-
Mental Muscle Function: A well-developed mentalis muscle leads to a dimpled chin.
-
Pennate Muscles: Pennate muscles have fascicles arranged like barbs of a feather.
-
Spindle-Shaped Muscle Tissue: Smooth muscle is composed of spindle-shaped cells.
-
Most Moveable Joint Class: Synovial joints are the most moveable type of joint.
-
Ischial Tuberosity: The ischial tuberosity is the site where a person sits.
-
Point of Elbow: The olecranon process is the point of the elbow.
-
Palatine Process Fusion: Failure of palatine process fusion can result in a cleft palate.
-
Sagittal Suture Location: The sagittal suture is between the two parietal bones.
-
Burn Area Determination: The rule of nines is a method for determining burned body area.
-
Fontanels: Fontanels are spaces between developing skull bones.
-
Skin Color Difference: Light and dark skin races have the same number of melanocytes.
-
Stratum Lucidum: The stratum lucidum is a layer found only in thick skin.
-
Edema: Edema is fluid accumulation in tissue spaces.
-
Intervertebral Connective Tissue: Fibrocartilage connects vertebrae.
-
Exocrine vs. Endocrine Glands: Exocrine glands secrete into ducts, whereas endocrine glands secrete into the bloodstream.
-
Intercalated Discs: Intercalated discs are gap junctions
-
Tracheal Epithelium: The trachea is lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
-
Bladder Epithelium: The bladder is lined with transitional epithelium.
-
Epithelium Lacking Blood Supply: Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium lacks a good blood supply.
-
Tissue Sample Collection: A biopsy collects a tissue sample for diagnosis.
-
Cellular Shipping Department: The Golgi apparatus is the cell's shipping department.
-
Hyperextension: Whiplash injury involves hyperextension of the head.
-
Diffusion: Diffusion is the process of substances spreading from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
-
Patient Position: Prone is a patient lying on their stomach.
-
Medical Terms: Popliteal is the hollow behind the knee. Antecubital is the area in front of the elbow.
-
Anatomy Divisions: Systemic anatomy studies organs working together. Surface anatomy studies the external body. Sonogram uses sound waves for diagnostic imaging.
-
Metabolism: Metabolism describes chemical reactions in cells.
-
Osmosis: Osmosis involves water diffusion.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
