Final Exam Review (filled in) - History 10 .pdf

Name: History 10 Final Exam Review The following questions refer to some of the key concepts that may be touched on during your final assessment. Unit 1: The Dark Ages (The Middle Ages, The Black Plague, The Scientific Revolu...

Name: History 10 Final Exam Review The following questions refer to some of the key concepts that may be touched on during your final assessment. Unit 1: The Dark Ages (The Middle Ages, The Black Plague, The Scientific Revolution) 1. Which significant event led to the Middle Ages? The fall of the Holy Roman Empire 2. What was medicine like during the Middle Ages? Medicine was not very good, it was based around a mixture of supernatural superstitions, herbal remedies, bleeding and purging. 3. How was The Black Death/The Black Plague spread? Rats, fleas that were traveling along with humans Contact with an infected individual Inhalation of infected respiratory droplets 4. Why was The Black Plague so deadly? The bubonic plague, also known as the Black Death, spread through North Africa, Europe and Asia. The plague originated on black rats that had travelled to Europe on ships. It passed quickly from the rats to people who often lived in cramped conditions. It was mainly spread through flea bites (fleas from the rats) but could also be transferred through coughs and sneezes. Almost everyone who contracted the plague died. 5. What was the Scientific Revolution? The Scientific Revolution (was the) drastic change in scientific thought that took place during the 16th and 17th centuries.  6. Why was the Scientific Revolution important? How did it influence modern society? The period saw a fundamental transformation in scientific ideas across mathematics, physics, astronomy, and biology in institutions supporting scientific investigation and in the more widely held picture of the universe. The Scientific Revolution led to the establishment of several modern sciences and many of the practices and theories that we still rely on today. 7. Describe the scientific inventions/ideas put forward by the following figures. Johannes Kepler Nicolaus Copernicus Galileo Galilei A Renaissance mathematician an Italian thinker (1564 – 1642) a German astronomer who and key figure in the and astronomer (1473 – 1543), discovered three major laws scientific revolution who who formulated a heliocentric of planetary motion improved the telescope, made model of the universe which placed the sun, rather than the astronomical observations, earth, at the center and put forward the basic principle of relativity in physics Isaac Newton Francis Bacon an English mathematician, an English philosopher who physicist, astronomer popularized the inductive credited with discovering the reasoning methods that would laws of gravity thereafter become known as the scientific method. Unit 2: The Enlightenment 8. The intellectual and cultural changes it introduced certainly contributed to many political revolutions around the world.  9. The Enlightenment was a period of rapid intellectual change. 10. What was The Enlightenment? The Age of Enlightenment was the intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe in the 17th and the 18th centuries. It emphasized reason over superstition and science over blind faith. 11. How does the Scientific Revolution tie into the Enlightenment period? The scientific revolution laid the foundations for the Age of Enlightenment, which centered on reason as the primary source of authority and legitimacy, and emphasized the importance of the scientific method. Scientists during the Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment thinkers both applied observation and reason to their study of the world. 12. Which Enlightenment thinkers were also one of the founders of popular political ideologies? Which ideologies? Adam Smith - Capitalism John Locke - Liberalism 13. Which Enlightenment thinker believed that humans were ‘naturally selfish, wicked, and evil.’? Thomas Hobbes 14. Which Enlightenment thinker believed people have rights, such as ‘the right to life, liberty, and property’? John Locke Unit 3: Political Revolutions (The American Revolution, The French Revolution) 15. Where was the first British settlement in North America in the early 1600s? Jamestown, Virginia 16. What were the 13 original colonies? Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. 17. The American Revolutionary War (1775-1783) was sparked after American colonists were upset over issues like taxation without representation. 18. What was the primary difference between the economies in the southern colonies and the northern colonies? (Consider what resources they had access to and relied on) The southern colonies had large plantations that grew tobacco or cotton and required slave labor. The northern colonies had small family farms and relied heavily on the ocean (fishing, shipping and working on the docks (import/exports). 19. On 11th June 1776, the Continental Congress appointed five leaders to write a document explaining why the thirteen colonies were declaring their independence. The five members were: Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Robert Livingston, Roger Sherman and Thomas Jefferson. They were known as the Founding Fathers. 20. What are two rights in the Declaration of Independence? The rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. 21. When do Americans celebrate Independence Day? July 4  22. What contributed to the American colonists turning to France for new ideas about freedom and independence? They looked to France’s enlightenment thinkers and their ideas about independence and they both had conflict with Britain. 23. Who urged Louis XVI to support the Americans? Why? The wily Comte de Vergennes, France's foreign minister, urged Louis XVI to support the Americans, arguing that “providence had marked out this moment for the humiliation of England.” Marie Antoinette also encouraged Louis XVI to involve France in the American Revolutionary War. 24. What were the three social classes, or estates, in French society before the Revolution, and who belonged to each estate? The first estate was the clergy; the second estate, the nobility, and the third estate the commoners. 25. What were some of the primary causes of the French Revolution? The bourgeoisie resented being excluded from positions of power. Peasants were aware of their lowly place in society and became less willing to support the remaining elements of the feudal system. Philosophes—intellectuals—argued for social reform. 26. Prior to the French Revolution, what kind of political system was in place? (ex: Authoritarian, Democracy, Monarchy, Totalitarian) Monarchy 27. What event marked the beginning of the French Revolution, and what occurred during this event? The Storming of Bastille - when revolutionary insurgents attempted to storm and seize control of the medieval armoury, fortress and political prison known as the Bastille. 28. What were the contributing factors that led to the revolt of the people against King Louis XVI? The upheaval was caused by disgust with the French aristocracy and the economic policies of King Louis XVI.  29. How did Louis XVI's attempted escape from Paris affect people's perception of him and the monarchy? He lost credibility as a constitutional monarch and he was charged with treason. The French people no longer trusted or respected him. 30. Why was the execution of Louis XVI significant? It symbolized the end of an unbroken thousand-year period of monarchy in France and the true beginning of democracy within the nation. 31. What was the Reign of Terror? Why was it significant in France? It was a period of the French Revolution when, following the creation of the First Republic, a series of massacres and numerous public executions took place in response to revolutionary fervour, anticlerical sentiment, and accusations of treason by the Committee of Public Safety. Unit 4: The Industrial Revolution 32. What years did the Industrial Revolution take place? Where did it start? This process began in Britain in the 18th century and from there spread to other parts of the world (approx. 1760-1840) 33. What are some examples of technology developed throughout the Industrial Revolution? Why were they significant? The assembly line, telegraph, steam engine, sewing machine, spinning jenny, electric lamp, electromagnet and internal combustion engine. (significance varies) 34. What are some examples of industries we discussed in class? Manufacturing, transportation, agriculture, health care, mining.  35. What were the conditions in factories like during the Industrial Revolution? The working conditions in factories were often harsh. Hours were long, typically ten to twelve hours a day. Working conditions were frequently unsafe and led to deadly accidents. 36. What were some positive and negative outcomes of the Industrial Revolution? While the Industrial Revolution created economic growth and offered new opportunities, that progress came with significant downsides, from damage to the environment and health and safety hazards to squalid living conditions for workers and their families. Unit 5: Ideologies (Refer to the Ideologies review package)