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# Metabolic Pathways ## Metabolism * Discovered by Gasket. * The sum total of all biochemical reactions occurring in a cell. ## Types of Metabolism * **Anabolism** * Biosynthesis * Input energy * Simple to complex (e.g. glucose to glycogen) * **Catabolism** * Degradation and hy...

# Metabolic Pathways ## Metabolism * Discovered by Gasket. * The sum total of all biochemical reactions occurring in a cell. ## Types of Metabolism * **Anabolism** * Biosynthesis * Input energy * Simple to complex (e.g. glucose to glycogen) * **Catabolism** * Degradation and hydrolysis * Output energy * Complex to simple (e.g. glycogen to glucose) ## Lipids * Monomer: fatty acids * Enzyme for degradation: Lipase * **Triacyl Glycerol** * $CH_2OH$ * $CHOH$ * $CH_2OH$ * **Triacyl Glycerol** * $CH_2-O-C - R_1$ * $CH_2-O-C-R_2$ * $CH_2-O-C -R_3$ ## Chemical Properties of Lipids * **Acid value**: indicates quality / age of fatty acids. Free fatty acids present * **Iodine value**: Iodine added across double bond of unsaturated fatty acids. Indicates degree of unsaturation * **Saponification value**: Hydrolysed glycerol + potassium salt of fatty acid. ## Other * **Rajigaza**: natural biopesticide * **Smallest electric motor in the world:** ATP synthase ## Redox Reactions * **Reduction**: H+ accepts H+ and is a reducing power * **Oxidation**: H+ releases H+ ## ETC (electron transport chain) * **Cytochromes**: e- acceptor * **NADH + H+ and FADH2**: formed by oxidation and gives e- and protons in e- transport chain and forms ATP * **ATP synthase**: enzyme allows entry of proton gradient inside mitochondria and ATP releases from mitochondria.