Grade 9 Canadian Geography Exam Review January 2025 PDF

GRADE 9 CANADIAN GEOGRAPHY: EXAM REVIEW January 2025 ​ Exam Format: Multiple Choice​​ Graphing & Analysis Questions True/False​ ​ Matching ​​ ​ ​ * Bring to the exam: course TEXTBOOK, pencils, ruler, calculator, blue...

GRADE 9 CANADIAN GEOGRAPHY: EXAM REVIEW January 2025 ​ Exam Format: Multiple Choice​​ Graphing & Analysis Questions True/False​ ​ Matching ​​ ​ ​ * Bring to the exam: course TEXTBOOK, pencils, ruler, calculator, blue, red and green pencil ​ crayons, and an eraser. Unit 1: Introduction to Canadian Geography (Chapter 1, pgs.4-16, 324) ​ ​ Terms: absolute and relative location ​ Geotechnologies: GPS, GIS, Telematics, Remote Sensing – their purpose, how they work, applications in different fields ​ Geographic concepts: interrelationships, spatial significance, patterns & trends, geographic perspective ​ Types of Maps (p.324) ​ Unit 2: Interactions in the Physical Environment (Chapters 1-4, pgs.18-100)​ ​ Theory of Continental Drift: What is it? Pieces of evidence (Alfred Wegener’s Theory) ​ Four geologic eras ​ Theory of Plate Tectonics ​ Type of plate movements (convergent, divergent, transform) ​ Major Forces: glaciation (depositional and erosional effects), weathering, erosion – specific examples of these forces in Canada ​ Types of rock and how they form (rock cycle) ​ Landform regions: name and where located in Canada, descriptive features ​ Terms: climate and weather ​ Climate graph: graphing, analysis (temperature range, growing season, etc…) ​ Factors affecting climate (LOWERN) ​ Continental vs. maritime climate ​ Global Climate Change: causes & effects (in Canada and globally), mitigation and adaptation. ​ Greenhouse gases, examples ​ Soil: profile, types in Canada and their locations ​ How vegetation changes across Canada, natural vegetation (vegetation regions) ​ Coniferous and deciduous trees - characteristics and examples ​ Indigenous oral history and how it can be used to support scientific research ​ Unit 3: Managing Canada’s Resources and Industries (Chapters 5-9, pgs.101-201)​ ​ Term: Total stock, renewable, non-renewable, and flow resources, examples ​ 3Rs (description) ​ 3 renewable industries, their resources needed, problems and risk of being used unsustainably ​ Forestry, sustainable yield management and the FSC ​ Fishing: why did the east coast fisheries collapse? Offshore vs. inshore fishing, sustained yield management and the MSC ​ Water: % of freshwater, global distribution and use of water, water issues ​ Water: Issues facing indigenous people living on reserves ​ Energy: demand in Canada, fossil fuels, oil sands, fracking – energy issues ​ Minerals: metallic, non-metallic (industrial), examples ​ Types of mines (strip, open-pit and underground), diamond mining ​ Different types of industries (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary) ​ Location Factors (customers, raw materials, fresh water & power, labour supply, transportation, political factors, circumstance, market) ​ Globalization & Free Trade, CUSMA/USMCA (NAFTA), CETA, tariff ​ Basic and non-basic jobs, multiplier effect ​ Historical and Modern Treaties o​ Algonquins of Ontario Land Claim Negotiations ▪​ Focus on facts about Lands, Harvesting, Parks and Economic Development. Unit 4: Changing Populations (Chapters 10-11, pgs.212-254)​ ​ Terms: demography, birth rate, death rate, doubling time/Rule of 70, immigration rate, emigration rate, net migration rate, population growth rate, immigrant, emigrant, total fertility rate, natural increase, dependency load ​ Population pyramids: graphing, shapes, and analysis ​ Aging population, solutions, review: baby boom issues ​ Population trends, DTM (Demographic Transition Model – 4 stages) ​ Push and pull factors ​ Types of Immigrants – Economic (skilled worker, skilled trades, Canadian experience, start-up visa), Family, Refugee (be able to explain the process/criteria needed for them to immigrate to Canada) ​ Where are immigrants coming from? Where do they settle? Immigration peaks, distribution of immigrants ​ Unit 5: Liveable Communities (Chapters 12- 14, pgs.255-308) ​ ​ Dispersed, linear, and concentrated populations ​ Terms: liveability, sustainability ​ Liveability factors ​ Types of land uses ​ Urban growth and urbanization ​ Urban Issues: urban sprawl, greenbelts, Oak Ridges Moraine, Richmond Hill ​ Urban sprawl ​ Sustainable Communities (urban agriculture, vertical cities, eating locally, respect for traditional lifestyle, etc.) ​ Measuring sustainability & liveability: HDI, GNH, GDP per capita, Ecological Footprint (how do you determine it, how do we reduce our footprint), carrying capacity