Grade 9 Canadian Geography Exam Review
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following describes the theory of Continental Drift?

  • The expansion of the ocean floor.
  • The gradual cooling of the Earth's core.
  • The process by which continents were once joined together and have since drifted apart. (correct)
  • The movement of tectonic plates.

Plate tectonics only explains the movement of continents, not oceanic structures.

False (B)

Name one factor that affects climate according to the LOWERN acronym.

Latitude

The _____ graph is used to analyze temperature ranges and growing seasons.

<p>climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following geotechnologies with their purposes:

<p>GPS = Location tracking GIS = Spatial analysis and mapping Telematics = Data transmission for vehicle telemetry Remote Sensing = Data collection from a distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of climate is characterized by relatively mild temperatures and high precipitation?

<p>Maritime (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Coniferous trees are characterized by broad leaves and are often found in warmer climates.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of resources classified as renewable?

<p>Forestry, fishing, and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of sustained yield management?

<p>Ensuring long-term resource availability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Canada has a high rate of fossil fuel dependence.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of mines commonly mentioned?

<p>strip, open-pit, underground</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ____________ model illustrates population trends through various stages of development.

<p>Demographic Transition</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following immigration categories with their descriptions:

<p>Economic = Individuals who immigrate for work opportunities Family = Individuals who move to join family members already in the country Refugee = Individuals who flee persecution and seek asylum Skilled Trades = Individuals with specific trade skills and qualifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors primarily drives urban sprawl?

<p>Population growth and demand for housing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Liveability refers only to the economic status of a community.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does HDI stand for and what does it measure?

<p>Human Development Index; it measures a country's overall development based on health, education, and income.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Absolute Location

The position of a place on Earth's surface using a grid system of latitude and longitude.

Relative Location

Describes a place in relation to other places or features.

GPS (Global Positioning System)

A system of satellites and ground stations that provide precise location data.

GIS (Geographic Information System)

A computer system that combines geographic data with other information to create maps and analyze spatial patterns.

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Geography

The study of Earth's physical and human systems and their interactions.

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Continental Drift Theory

The theory that Earth's continents were once joined together as a supercontinent called Pangaea, and have since drifted apart.

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Plate Tectonics Theory

The theory that Earth's outer layer is made up of large plates that move and interact with each other.

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Glacier

A large mass of ice that moves slowly over land, shaping the landscape through erosion and deposition.

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Population Growth Rate

The rate at which a population is increasing or decreasing. It is calculated by subtracting the death rate from the birth rate, and then adding the net migration rate.

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Dependency Load

The total number of people younger than 15 and older than 64 compared to the number of people aged 15-64 in a population. It represents the proportion of the population that is dependent on those in the working ages.

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Population Pyramid

A graphical representation that shows the age and sex structure of a population. It is often shaped like a pyramid, with the youngest ages at the base and the oldest ages at the top.

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Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A model that describes the population changes that occur as a country develops. It has four stages: Stage 1 (high birth and death rates), Stage 2 (high birth rate, declining death rate), Stage 3 (declining birth and death rates), and Stage 4 (low birth and death rates).

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Push Factors

Factors that encourage people to leave a place, such as poverty, war, or lack of opportunities.

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Pull Factors

Factors that attract people to a new place, such as job opportunities, better living conditions, or political freedom.

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Liveability

The ability of a community to provide a high quality of life for its residents, encompassing factors like economic prosperity, environmental sustainability, social well-being, and infrastructure.

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Sustainability

The ability of a community to meet the needs of its present population without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. It involves balancing economic growth with social equity and environmental protection.

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Study Notes

Grade 9 Canadian Geography Exam Review

  • Exam Format: Multiple choice, true/false, matching, graphing & analysis questions
  • Materials Needed: Textbook, pencils, ruler, calculator, blue, red, green pencils, crayons, eraser
  • Unit 1: Introduction to Canadian Geography (pgs. 4-16, 324):
    • Covers absolute and relative location
    • Discusses geotechnologies (GPS, GIS, Telematics, Remote Sensing) and their applications
    • Explores geographic concepts like interrelationships, spatial significance, patterns, trends, and perspective
    • Explains different types of maps (p. 324)
  • Unit 2: Interactions in the Physical Environment (pgs. 18-100):
    • Examines the Theory of Continental Drift and Alfred Wegener's Theory
    • Discusses the Theory of Plate Tectonics and types of plate movement (convergent, divergent, transform)
    • Covers major forces like glaciation (depositional and erosional), weathering, and erosion
    • Explains types of rock and the rock cycle
    • Details Canadian landform regions and their characteristics
    • Defines climate and weather, and explains climate graphs (temperature range, growing season)
    • Lists factors affecting climate (LOWERN)
    • Compares continental and maritime climates
    • Discusses global climate change (causes, effects, mitigation, adaptation)
    • Explains greenhouse gases and their examples
    • Describes soil profiles and types in Canada
    • Explores how vegetation changes across Canada, natural vegetation types (coniferous and deciduous trees), and characteristics
    • Explains how Indigenous oral history can support scientific research related to these topics
  • Unit 3: Managing Canada's Resources and Industries (pgs. 101-201):
    • Defines total stock, renewable, non-renewable, and flow resources
    • Introduces the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
    • Explains renewable industries (forestry, fishing, water) and their resources, problems, and sustainability risks
    • Discusses sustainable yield management (FSC, MSC) for forestry and fishing
    • Explores issues related to water (freshwater %, global distribution, uses, issues faced by Indigenous peoples)
    • Covers water issues
    • Analyzes energy demand in Canada, fossil fuels, oil sands, fracking
  • Unit 4: Changing Populations (pgs. 212-254):
    • Investigates demography (birth rate, death rate, doubling time, immigration/emigration, net migration, population growth, fertility rate, natural increase)
    • Discusses population pyramids, trends, and analysis
    • Explores aging population trends and solutions
    • Explains the Demographic Transition Model (4 stages)
    • Explains push and pull factors, different types of immigrants (economic, family, refugee)
    • Analyzes source countries of immigration and settlement patterns
  • Unit 5: Liveable Communities (pgs. 255-308):
    • Examines dispersed, linear, and concentrated populations
    • Defines liveability and sustainability
    • Analyzes liveability factors related to land use, urban growth, urbanization, and related issues (sprawl, greenbelts, urban issues)
    • Discusses sustainable communities related to topics like urban agriculture, vertical cities, eating locally, respect for traditional lifestylse etc
    • Explains how to measure sustainability and liveability (HDI, GNH, GDP per capita, Ecological Footprint)
    • Covers carrying capacity

Additional Information

  • Specific examples of minerals, types of mines, and different industries are mentioned but not summarized.
  • Location factors for industries, globalization, tariffs, historical and modern treaties, and facts about lands are also referenced but not detailed.

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Prepare for your Grade 9 Canadian Geography exam with this comprehensive review quiz. It covers key concepts from units on geographical technologies, interactions in the physical environment, plate tectonics, and more. Use your textbook and materials to enhance your understanding and excel in the exam.

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