Geography Exam Review Topics PDF

Geography Exam Review Topics Map Skills ​ Parts of a Good Map: Title, legend, scale, compass rose, grid system. ​ Mapping Scales: ○​ RF (Representative Fraction) ○​ Linear scale ○​ Verbal scale ​ Direction and Calculating Distances: Using scales and tools to det...

Geography Exam Review Topics Map Skills ​ Parts of a Good Map: Title, legend, scale, compass rose, grid system. ​ Mapping Scales: ○​ RF (Representative Fraction) ○​ Linear scale ○​ Verbal scale ​ Direction and Calculating Distances: Using scales and tools to determine distances. Canada Geography ​ Provinces, Territories, Neighbors, and Capital Cities: Be able to identify them on a map. ​ Area and Population of Canada: General knowledge of Canada's size and demographics. ​ Population Distribution & Density: Patterns and reasons for population spread. ​ Aging Population: Effects on society and resources. Physical Geography ​ Landform Regions in Canada: Characteristics of physical regions. ​ Climate and Weather: ○​ Factors affecting climate (latitude, ocean currents, etc.). ○​ Difference between weather and climate. ○​ Types of precipitation (relief, convectional, frontal). ○​ Maritime vs. Continental Climate. ○​ Interpreting climate graphs. Soils and Vegetation ​ Parts of Soil: Layers (topsoil, subsoil, etc.). ​ Soil Classification and Vegetation Regions in Canada: Types and characteristics. Population Studies ​ Key Definitions: Birth rate, death rate, immigration rate, etc. ​ Population Factors: Push/pull factors, Rule of 70 (doubling time). ​ Population Pyramids: Understanding age/sex distribution. ​ Immigration Patterns: Trends over time. Urban and Economic Geography ​ Urban Land Use: Types and distribution.  ​ Job Sectors: ○​ Primary (resource extraction) ○​ Secondary (manufacturing) ○​ Tertiary (services) ○​ Quaternary (information services). ​ Renewable vs. Non-Renewable Resources: Definitions and examples. ​ Sustainable Development: Practices for resource longevity. Energy and Environmental Studies ​ Canada's Resource Extraction: Methods like open-pit mining. ​ Energy Use and Alternatives: ○​ Conventional vs. alternative sources of energy. ○​ Reasons for high energy consumption. ​ Ecological Footprint (EF): Reducing environmental impact. ​ The 5 R’s: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Repair, Refuse. Global Connections ​ Eating Locally vs. Globally: Impact on environment and economy. ​ Trade Agreements: Acronyms like USMCA, TPP, CETA. ​ Multiplier Effect: Economic impact of investments. Time Zones and Special Topics ​ Time Zones: Understanding Canada's time zones. ​ Life in Nunavut: Cultural and geographic insights (if covered). Exam Format ​ Part A: Map of Canada – 20 marks. ​ Part B: Multiple Choice/True-False – 65 marks. ​ Part D: Short Answer – 24 marks. ​ Total: 109 marks over two periods. Materials Required ​ Calculator. ​ Writing tools, including pencil crayons. ​ No sharing of materials, no electronics. If you'd like more detailed notes on specific sections, let me know! 4o You said: Make me more detailed notes ChatGPT said: ChatGPT Here’s a more detailed breakdown of the topics listed in the Geography Academic 9 Final Exam Review: Map Skills 1.​ Parts of a Good Map: ○​ Title: Indicates the purpose of the map. ○​ Legend: Explains symbols used on the map. ○​ Scale: Shows the relationship between map distances and real-world distances (RF, linear, verbal). ○​ Compass Rose: Indicates cardinal directions (N, S, E, W). ○​ Grid System: Includes latitude and longitude for locating places. 2.​ Mapping Scales: ○​ Representative Fraction (RF): Ratio format (e.g., 1:50,000). ○​ Linear Scale: A bar or line showing distance. ○​ Verbal Scale: Written form (e.g., "1 cm = 10 km"). 3.​ Direction and Calculating Distances: ○​ Use scales to measure distances accurately between two points. ○​ Directions: Understand compass directions and bearings. Canada Geography 1.​ Provinces and Territories: ○​ Be able to locate provinces, territories, and their capitals (e.g., Ottawa, Toronto). ○​ Recognize Canada’s neighbors (e.g., USA, Greenland). 2.​ Area and Population: ○​ Area: Second-largest country by land area. ○​ Population: Approximately 38 million (as of recent data). 3.​ Population Distribution and Density: ○​ Distribution: Most people live near the southern border due to climate and resources. ○​ Density: Canada’s population density is low, but urban centers are densely populated.  4.​ Aging Population: ○​ Canada’s aging population increases healthcare demand and changes workforce dynamics. Physical Geography 1.​ Physical Landform Regions: ○​ Western Cordillera, Interior Plains, Canadian Shield, Hudson Bay Lowlands, Appalachian Region, Arctic Lowlands, and St. Lawrence Lowlands. 2.​ Climate and Weather: ○​ Climate Factors: ​ Latitude: Affects temperature. ​ Ocean Currents: Warm or cold currents influence coastal climates. ​ Wind/Pressure Systems: Move weather patterns. ​ Elevation: Higher altitudes are colder. ​ Proximity to Water: Moderates temperature. ○​ Weather vs. Climate: ​ Weather: Short-term atmospheric conditions. ​ Climate: Long-term trends over 30+ years. 3.​ Types of Precipitation: ○​ Relief/Orographic: Air rises over mountains. ○​ Convectional: Heated air rises and cools, causing rainfall. ○​ Frontal/Cyclonic: Warm and cold air masses collide. 4.​ Maritime vs. Continental Climates: ○​ Maritime: Near water; mild winters and cool summers. ○​ Continental: Inland; extreme temperature ranges. Soils and Vegetation 1.​ Parts of Soil: ○​ Topsoil, subsoil, parent material, organic matter. ○​ Soil’s fertility depends on nutrients and organic content. 2.​ Soil Classification: ○​ Podzols (forested areas), Chernozems (prairies), and others based on climate and vegetation. 3.​ Vegetation Regions of Canada: ○​ Tundra, Boreal Forest, Mixed Forest, Grassland, etc. Population Studies  1.​ Key Definitions: ○​ Birth Rate, Death Rate, Immigration, Emigration, Natural Increase. 2.​ Rule of 70: ○​ Doubling time = 70 ÷ growth rate (%). 3.​ Push and Pull Factors: ○​ Push: War, natural disasters. ○​ Pull: Jobs, safety, better living conditions. 4.​ Population Pyramid: ○​ Graph showing population structure by age and gender. 5.​ Immigration Patterns: ○​ “Mountains and Valleys” graph highlights historical trends in immigration. Urban and Economic Geography 1.​ Urban Land Use: ○​ Residential, commercial, industrial, recreational, transportation. 2.​ Job Sectors: ○​ Primary: Resource-based (fishing, mining). ○​ Secondary: Manufacturing (factories). ○​ Tertiary: Services (education, healthcare). ○​ Quaternary: Knowledge/information-based jobs. 3.​ Resources: ○​ Renewable: Forests, fish. ○​ Non-renewable: Fossil fuels, minerals. 4.​ Sustainable Development: ○​ Using resources to meet today’s needs without compromising future generations. Energy and Environmental Studies 1.​ Canada’s Resource Extraction: ○​ Open-pit mining, forestry, oil sands. 2.​ Energy Use: ○​ High due to transportation, industry, and heating needs. 3.​ Alternative Energy Sources: ○​ Solar, wind, geothermal compared to conventional (coal, oil). 4.​ Ecological Footprint (EF): ○​ Measures human impact on the environment. 5.​ The 5 R’s: ○​ Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Repair, Refuse. Global Connections 1.​ Eating Locally vs. Globally: ○​ Local: Supports economy, reduces carbon footprint. ○​ Global: Access to diverse foods but increases emissions. 2.​ Trade Agreements: ○​ USMCA: United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement. ○​ TPP: Trans-Pacific Partnership. ○​ CETA: Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement. 3.​ Multiplier Effect: ○​ Economic growth from investments; new jobs and businesses multiply benefits.