Exam Review #3 PDF

**Exam Review \#3** *General Tips* - Know the Important Vocabulary and answer the Questions to Study thoroughly. - Read through the book for information you missed or are confused about. - Read through your notes -- make sure you understand all concepts and how to apply them....

**Exam Review \#3** *General Tips* - Know the Important Vocabulary and answer the Questions to Study thoroughly. - Read through the book for information you missed or are confused about. - Read through your notes -- make sure you understand all concepts and how to apply them. - Watch the videos posted under resources. (\*\*indicates there is a video or simulation) - Come to Dr. Laux's office hours for anything you don't understand! Open all day on Monday, Dec 9^th^ (10am to 4pm) - Attend the SI hours (information was provided in Announcements on Brightspace). - Google some practice multiple-choice questions and practice with the questions provided. *Important Vocabulary* - Prokaryote - Bacteria - Archaea - Gram positive - Gram negative - Binary fission - Transformation - Transduction - Conjugation - Decomposers/saprobes - Germ theory - Endosymbiosis - Protist - Fungi - Chitin vs cellulose - Plants - Alternation of generations - Sporangium/sporangia - Apical meristem - Sporopollenin - Bryophytes - Xylem - Phloem - Gymnosperms - Angiosperms - Monocot - Dicot - Cotyledon - Taproot - Germ layers - Body plans: asymmetrical, radial, and bilateral - Animal phyla: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Nematoda, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Chordata - Sessile - Cnidocytes - Polyp vs medusa - Notochord - Dorsal hollow nerve cord - Pharyngeal slits - Post anal tail *Questions to Study* - What are some characteristics of prokaryotes? - Compare and contrast Bacteria and Archaea.\*\* - How did life on Earth begin? What was early life like on Earth? - Who are some important people in the field of microbiology?\*\* - Why is it important for even non-scientists to understand the concept of antibacterial resistance? - How did the development of germ theory save lives?\*\* - How are bacteria and humans related? - How did endosymbiosis lead to the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts?\*\* - What are some characteristics of protists?\*\* - Compare and contrast different types of protists. - What are some examples of how humans interact with protists? - What are some characteristics of fungi?\*\* - What do fungi eat? - What are some examples of harmful and beneficial fungi? - What are some characteristics of plants?\*\* - Why are plants important to animals? - What were some benefits and evolutionary struggles to plants moving to land?\*\* - What specific adaptations did plants develop to live on land?\*\* - What are some examples of bryophytes? - What is the dominant life stage of bryophytes? - What are some characteristics of vascular plants? - What is the dominant life stage of vascular plants? - What are some characteristics of gymnosperms?\*\* - What are some examples of gymnosperms?\*\* - What are some characteristics of angiosperms?\*\* - What parts of a flower are used in reproduction? - How do fruits develop? - What are some general characteristics of animals?\*\* - How do tissues develop in animals?\*\* - What are examples of body plans in animals?\*\* - What are some characteristics and examples of these Phyla: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Nematoda, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Chordata?\*\* (*[this video is EXCELLENT for sorting out all the animal phyla](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3y1dTsyfNQ4))* - What are the four characteristics of vertebrates? *Practice Questions* (***correct answers are in bold italics***) 1. How many chromosomes do prokaryotes have? a. ***1*** b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 2. What was one of the first organisms that helped oxygenate the atmosphere? e. ***Cyanobacteria*** f. Plants g. Protists h. Animals 3. What does germ theory propose? i. Diseases are caused by an imbalance in bodily fluids. j. ***Diseases are caused by microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.*** k. Diseases are caused by the accumulation of \"bad air.\" l. Diseases are caused by environmental factors like temperature and humidity. 4. Which of the following is true about protists? m. Protists are all unicellular and autotrophic. n. ***Protists can be found in a variety of environments, including water and soil.*** o. All protists cause diseases in humans. p. Protists are classified as plants and animals. 5. Which of the following is a characteristic of fungi? q. Fungi are primarily photosynthetic organisms. r. Fungi have a cellulose-based cell wall. s. ***Fungi are heterotrophic and obtain nutrients through absorption.*** t. Fungi reproduce exclusively by binary fission. 6. Which of the following is a characteristic of plants? u. Plants are heterotrophic and rely on consuming other organisms for energy. v. ***Plants have chloroplasts, which allow them to perform photosynthesis.*** w. Plants lack cell walls and rely on external structures for support. x. Plants reproduce exclusively through binary fission. 7. Which of the following is an adaptation that helps plants survive in dry environments? y. Large, broad leaves to capture more sunlight z. ***A thick waxy cuticle to reduce water loss*** a. Increased root growth to reach deeper water sources b. Bright flowers to attract pollinators 8. Which of the following is a characteristic of all animals? c. They all have a cell wall for support. d. They are all capable of photosynthesis. e. ***They are multicellular organisms that are heterotrophic.*** f. They all reproduce asexually. 9. Which of the following is a key characteristic used to classify animal body plans? g. The number of legs an animal has h. The presence of a backbone i. ***The symmetry of the body and the arrangement of internal structures*** j. The color and texture of the skin 10. Which of the following is an example of an animal adaptation to its environment? k. ***A giraffe's long neck for reaching high leaves on trees*** l. A cheetah's ability to fly at high speeds m. A dolphin's ability to breathe underwater n. A camel's ability to generate body heat in cold climates *EXTRA CREDIT TOPIC*: All the questions are about animals. That\'s the only hint you get. Use this Padlet to ask me questions about the exam!