Biology Vocabulary Review

Exam Review 3 - General Tips

• Review vocabulary and answer questions to study thoroughly
• Review the textbook, focusing on areas you've missed or aren't clear on
• Review your notes. This is to ensure you understand all concepts and how to apply them.
• Watch posted videos for clarification or simulation examples.
• Visit Dr. Laux's office hours for further assistance. These office hours are available daily on Monday, Dec 9th from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm.
• Attend SI (Supplementary Instruction) hours. Information on SI hours can be found in Announcements on Brightspace.
• Google practice questions and complete them to apply your knowledge.

Important Vocabulary - Biology

• Prokaryote: A single-celled organism lacking a nucleus. This includes bacteria and archaea.
• Bacteria: A type of prokaryote.
• Archaea: A type of prokaryote, distinct from bacteria, in many ways.
• Gram positive: A bacteria characteristic categorized by its cell wall structure reactivity in a Gram stain.
• Gram negative: A bacteria characteristic categorized by its cell wall structure reactivity in a Gram stain.
• Binary fission: A type of asexual reproduction in bacteria.
• Transformation: A genetic alteration in bacteria.
• Transduction: A process by which genetic material is transferred from one bacteria to another using a bacteriophage as a vector.
• Conjugation: The transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells.
• Decomposers/saprobes: Organisms that recycle organic material.
• Germ theory: The theory that microorganisms cause disease.
• Endosymbiosis: A theory supporting organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by another prokaryotic cell.
• Protist: A eukaryotic organism that is not a plant, animal, or fungus.
• Fungi: Eukaryotic organisms that absorb nutrients from their environment.
• Chitin vs. cellulose: Both are structural carbohydrates. Chitin strengthens fungal cell walls, whereas cellulose strengthens plant cell walls.
• Plants: Organisms in the kingdom Plantae that are characterized by the ability of photosynthesis and other unique characteristics.
• Alternation of generations: A life cycle in which an organism alternates between a sexually producing haploid gametophyte phase and a sexually reproducing diploid sporophyte phase.
• Sporangium/sporangia: A structure that produces spores.
• Apical meristem: A region of plant growth located at the tip of the root or stem.
• Sporopollenin: A very resistant polymer that protects plant spores and pollen from harsh environmental conditions.
• Bryophytes: A non-vascular plant group (mosses, liverworts, hornworts).
• Xylem: A vascular tissue that transports water and minerals upwards in plants.
• Phloem: A vascular tissue responsible for the transport of sugars in the plant.
• Gymnosperms: A group of vascular plants that produce seeds not enclosed in fruits (conifers).
• Angiosperms: A group of vascular plants producing seeds enclosed in fruits (flowering plants).
• Monocot: A flowering plant having a single cotyledon in the seedling stage.
• Dicot: A flowering plant having two cotyledons in the seedling stage.
• Cotyledon: The seed leaf of a plant embryo.
• Taproot: A large root that grows vertically downward.

Exam Review Questions

• The provided document contains a list of questions for further study. These questions focus on various biological concepts, including the characteristics of prokaryotes, the origin of life on Earth, the significance of germ theory, the roles of protists and fungi in nature and in human interactions with them, as well as the characteristics and adaptations for plants and animals.

Prepare for your upcoming exam with a comprehensive review of essential biology vocabulary. This quiz will test your understanding of concepts such as prokaryotes, bacteria, and archaea. Additionally, tips for effective studying and resources will be provided.