Honors Biology Enzyme and Digestion Review - PDF

Honors Biology Enzyme and Digestion Review 1)​ Water is known as the universal solvent. What does this mean? Water can dissolve more substances than any other liquid 2)​ What is a polar molecule? A molecule that is slightly negative on one end and slightly positive on the other due to an unev...

Honors Biology Enzyme and Digestion Review 1)​ Water is known as the universal solvent. What does this mean? Water can dissolve more substances than any other liquid 2)​ What is a polar molecule? A molecule that is slightly negative on one end and slightly positive on the other due to an uneven pull of electrons 3)​ Draw a molecule of water to show its polarity. Oxygen end is negative, hydrogen is positive 4)​ How does water’s polarity help it dissolve substances? It sticks to and surrounds the particles it is dissolving by opposite charges 5)​ What does pH measure? How acidic or basic a substance is 6)​ What pH do acids have? 0-6 7)​ What is a physical property acids have in common? Taste sour 8)​ What chemical property do acids have? H+ Hydrogen ions 9)​ What is the pH range of basic substances? 8-14 10)​What are two physical properties bases share? Taste bitter, feel slippery 11)​What chemical property do bases have? (OH)- Hydroxide ions 12)​ What is the pH of a neutral solution? 7  13)​Using the chemical properties, what makes a solution neutral? Having the same amount of H+ and (OH)- ions 14)​What is more acidic, a substance with a pH of 2 or 3? 2 15)​ Which has more H+’s, a substance with a pH of 4 or a pH of 8? 4 16)​Which is more basic, a pH of 7.5 or a pH of 8? 8 17)​Which has more (OH) – ‘s a substance with a pH of 8 or a pH of 13? 13 18)​What is a catalyst? A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction 19)​To which class of organic molecules do enzymes belong? protein 20)​ Define the following words: Enzyme- a catalyst in living things Substrate- the thing the enzyme is working on (the reactant) Active Site – the place where the enzyme and substrate meet 21)​Describe the lock and key theory of enzyme action. Just like each key only fits one lock, each enzyme is specific to one substrate 22)​ What is activation energy and how do enzymes affect it?  The energy needed to start a reaction. Enzymes lower the activation energy 23)​ Most enzyme names end in _________. -ase 24)​ What happens to the enzyme throughout a reaction? It stays the same. 25)​ What happens to the rate of enzyme reaction if more and more substrate is added? It increases until all enzymes are saturated with substrate and then it levels off. 26)​ What does the term denature mean? To change the shape of the enzyme 27)​ Why is it important that enzymes do not denature? They won’t fit with their substrate 28)​ What are two factors that can lead to an enzyme becoming denatured? Temperature and pH 29)​ Why is pH important in the human body? It ensures enzymes function properly 30)​ Be able to understand the enzyme lab: a)​ Why did chalk not react?- it isn’t living b)​ What happened to the boiled liver versus the fresh liver? Why? Boiled liver didn’t react because the temperature was increased too much and the enzymes denatured. 31)​What are buffers used for in the body? Buffers are chemicals in the body that help maintain pH levels. 32)​ If an enzyme works best at a temperature of 350, will it still work at: 300 ? Yes – just not as effectively.  450? Yes, just not as effectively 900? No. 33)​ Which two parts of the digestive system perform mechanical digestion? Mouth and Stomach 34)​ Be able to list the pathway of organs that food travels through in the digestive system. Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines, large intestines 35)​ What are accessory organs? Glands that produce digestive enzymes, but are not part of the main pathway that food travels through 36)​ What are the two functions of the small intestines? To finish chemical digestion and absorb nutrients 37)​ What is the function of the large intestine? To reabsorb water and eliminate waste