Erik Erikson's Theory PDF

PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES ERIK ERIKSON’S THEORY His biological father was concealed from him for many years and it developed a feeling of confusion about who he was He spent most of his time in Europe searching for his true purpose and essence of life He expanded the Psyc...

PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES ERIK ERIKSON’S THEORY His biological father was concealed from him for many years and it developed a feeling of confusion about who he was He spent most of his time in Europe searching for his true purpose and essence of life He expanded the Psychoanalytic Theory by looking at how people developed throughout their lives, including events from childhood, adulthood, and old age. He took a private practice in child psychoanalysis The one who convinced him to study about psychoanalysis was the daughter of Sigmund Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust - Infancy (birth to Freud named Anna Freud. 18 months) His theory is focused on social and cultural ○ The central goal of this stage is to be influences on personality. able to provide the needs of an infant through a sense of comfort and feeding. THE EGO IN POST NEO-FREUDIAN THEORY Caregivers must also convince them that Ego - a force that creates a self-identity. the world is safe and can be trusted. Unifies personality and guards against ○ Children will develop a sense of trust or indivisibility. the virtue of Hope if it is successfully The ability to combine experiences and actions conquered. While, failure may lead to in an adaptive manner. feelings of fear, and anxiety, and will perceive the world as an unsafe and 3 Interrelated Aspects of Ego: unpredictable place. 1. Body Ego - experiences with our body; the way of seeing our physical self Basic Strength 2. Ego Ideal - an image we have of ourselves with Hope - through the development of trust, there's our established ideal self hope for an infant to face new crises in the next 3. Ego Identity - the image we have ourselves in stages of development. different social roles that we have Core Pathology Withdrawal - There is little to hope for because Stages of Psychosocial Development the caregivers of care is not consistently met. Oral -sensory Lack of trust will lead to the development of fear Muscular - anal and the perception that the world is unstable and Locomotor - genital unpredictable. Latency Adolescence Stage 2: Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt - Young Adulthood Early Childhood (1-3 yrs. old) Maturity ○ The main goal is to discover a sense of Old Age personal control over physical skills and the sense of independence. ○ It includes important events such as toilet training and dressing. ○ Success during this stage will lead to a feeling of autonomy and will be able to have the virtue of Will, thus, failure will lead to shame and doubt. Basic Strength Basic Strength Will - if the children are always encouraged and Competence - If a child has been motivated to supported, a virtue of will arises to face the perform well in class, then they will tend to world with independence. develop being competent and industrious. Core Pathology Core Pathology Compulsion - a child’s failure to develop Inertia - Failure to take satisfaction in one’s self-control can often be linked to inadequate achievement may have serious implications. support and reinforcement from parents. When Without encouragement from parents, teachers, parents fail to maintain a reassuring and or peers, a pervasive sense of incompetence may confident attitude while guiding their child develop, making people doubt their success. through the process of mastering basic motor This lack might lead to inferiority, affecting their and cognitive skills, it can hinder the child’s mental well-being and progress. Failure to ability to develop a strong sense of willpower. establish competence may cause a regression into an earlier stage of development, Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt - Preschool or emphasizing the need for positive reinforcement Toddlers (3-5 yrs. old) and encouragement in a child’s self-esteem, ○ The central goal for this stage is to start confidence, and sense of success. with the assertion of control and power over the environment. Also, children Stage 5: Identity Cohesion vs. Role Confusion must come up with a plan to achieve - Adolescence (12-18 yrs. old) goals while at the same time, interacting ○ Crucial stage since rapid changes in life with others. happen ○ The stage usually revolves around ○ Resolve the crisis of basic ego identity events such as the exploration and ○ Integration of ideas about ourselves and playing of a child what others think of you; formation of ○ Success during this stage will lead to a self-image. virtue of purpose and confidence in decision-making. While failure will lead Basic Strength to a sense of guilt and insecurities. Fidelity - believing in one’s own idea and identity Basic Strength Core Pathology Purpose - A child develops the virtue of Role Repudiation - identified as a core Purpose are able to balance initiative and guilt. pathology, manifest in two contrasting Core Pathology expressions: Diffidence and Defiance. Inhibition - when caregivers adopt a Diffidence, characterized by an extreme lack of discouraging or dismissive approach, children self-trust or self-confidence, often presents itself may internalize feelings of shame and become as shyness or hesitancy to express one’s thoughts overly reliant on the assistance of others. This and opinions. On the other hand, defiance takes lack of encouragement to assert themselves can the form of rebellion against authority, where an hinder the development of a sense of purpose. individual adheres to beliefs and practices Consequently, children may perceive their simply because they are deemed unacceptable self-initiated efforts as a source of by society. embarrassment, leading to feelings of guilt. Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation - Young Adult Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority - School Age (19040 yrs. old) (6-12 yrs. old) ○ Prioritize finding a loved one or forming ○ Children must be able to adapt to new intimate relationships social and academic demands since they ○ Success leads to forming strong are in a school scenario. Teachers play a relationships while failure will result in vital role in nurturing a child’s loneliness and isolation. development. ○ Success leads to acquiring the virtue of Competence and Industriousness, while failure leads to a sense of Inferiority. Basic Strength Stage 8: Ego Integrity vs. Despair - Maturity Love - greatest of all human virtues (65-death) Fusing of oneself to another person, ○ Ask ourselves if we have contributed mutual devotion in a shared identity. fully or if we lived a meaningful life Core Pathology ○ If we feel satisfied, we develop feelings Minor Exclusivity - the ability to selectively of contentment and integrity. If we feel exclude certain individuals, activities, and ideas, discontented, we experience despair and serves as a developmental tool for cultivating a compare ourselves with others’ lives. robust sense of identity crucial for intimacy. Despair is common at this age However, this adaptive behavior turns because everything is pathological when taken to the extreme, deteriorating such as the mental, hindering the individual’s capacity to cooperate, social, and physical capacities compete, or comprise essential elements for which leads to feelings of fostering love and intimacy in relationships. unworthiness. Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation - Middle Basic Strength Adulthood (40-65 yrs. old) Wisdom - attained when people feel that they ○ Taking place in society and assuming are fulfilled with their life which will strengthen responsibility for what society produces their ego identity. ○ Generativity - concerned with Core Pathology establishing and guiding the next Disdain - a reaction to perceiving others in a generation, includes the procreation of growing state of being finished, confused, and children, production of work, and helpless, represents a continuation of the creation of new things and ideas to objectivity that can manifest during adulthood. contribute to society. ○ Stagnation - when people become too absorbed with themselves and become too self-indulgent, controlling, and entitled. Basic Strength Care - emerges when there is a balanced interaction between generativity and stagnation. Core Pathology Rejectivity - the unwillingness to care for a certain group of individuals, often characterized by traits such as self-centeredness, provincialism, or pseudo-speciation, can lead to a cascade of destructive consequences, including human hatred, atrocities, and wars.