Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development PDF

SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Concept of Social and Emotional Development Social development describes the quality of a person’s social development as a function of past relationships in one’s life. Emotional development is the growth of feeling or affect that involves physiolog...

SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Concept of Social and Emotional Development Social development describes the quality of a person’s social development as a function of past relationships in one’s life. Emotional development is the growth of feeling or affect that involves physiologic arousal, behavioral expression, and sometime conscious experience. The social and emotional development is essential to his appropriate behavior, under-standing of life and reactions to emotional matters. Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Erikson’s view was that the social environment combined with biological maturation provides each individual with a set of “crises” that must be resolved. The individual is provided with a "sensitive period" in which to successfully resolve each crisis before a new crisis is presented. Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Baby and infancy develops a belief that the environment can be counted on to meet his or her basic Trust physiological and social needs. vs. Mistrust If a baby and infancy is nurtured, and infancy loved, he will develop trust and (Birth to 1 security and a basic optimism. Badly year) handled, he becomes insecure and mistrustful. Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Child learns what he/she can control and develops a sense of free will and corresponding sense Autonomy of regret and sorrow for vs. Shame inappropriate use of self-control. & Doubt Toddlerhood The well-adjusted child emerges (1 to 3 years) from this stage sure of himself, elated with his new found control, and proud rather than ashamed. Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Child learns to begin action, to explore, to imagine as well as feeling remorse for actions. Initiative Child learns to broaden his skills vs. through active play of all sorts, to Guilt cooperate with others and to Early Childhood lead as well as to follow. (3 to 6 years) If the child is immobilised by guilt, he is fearful, hangs on the fringes of groups, continues to depend on adults, and is restricted in imagination. Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Child learns to do things well and to skills like relating with peers according to rules, progressing Industry from free play, mastering social vs. studies, reading, math at school Inferiority and creating self-disciplined Middle approaches to learning. Childhood (6 to 12 years) Child is trusting, autonomous, full of initiative and will learn easily enough to be industrious. However, the mistrusting child will doubt the future and experience inferiority. Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Adolescent develops a sense of self in relationship to others and to own internal thoughts and desires and develop social Identity & personal identity. vs. Adolescent learns how to answer Role Confusion satisfactorily and happily the question of Adolescence "Who am I?". But even the best-adjusted (12 to 20 years) teenager experiences some role identity problems and starts rebelling and filling with self-doubt. The young person acquires self-certainty as opposed to self-consciousness and self-doubt. Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Develops ability to give and receive love; begins to make long-term Intimacy commitment to relationships. vs. The successful young adult, for the Isolation first time, can experience true Young Adulthood intimacy - the sort of intimacy that (20 to 40 makes possible good marriage or a years) genuine and enduring friendship. Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Develops interest in guiding the development of the next Generativity generation vs. In adulthood, the psychosocial Stagnation crisis demands a person becomes Middle Adulthood more emotionally and socially (40 to 65 years) generous, both in the sense of marriage and parenthood, and in the sense of working productively and creatively. Erikson’s Psychosocial Development If the psychosocial crises have been resolved, the mature adult develops the peak of integrity. He trusts, Ego-integrity independent. He works hard, has vs. developed a self-concept. He can be Despair Later Adulthood intimate without strain, guilt, regret, (over 65 years) or lack of realism, and he is proud of what he creates. If psychosocial crises have not been resolved, he may view himself and his life with disgust and despair. Review of Erikson’s Psycho social Lifespan Development Mental Models – Self and Others Students’ enduring beliefs and expectations about what they are like and what other people are like Characteristics of high-quality relationships Sensing and reading another’s Attunement state of being and adjusting one’s own behavior accordingly. The psychological need to Relatedness establish close emotional bonds and attachments with other people Characteristics of high-quality relationships Affirmation of the other person’s Supportiveness capacity for self-direction and contribution to help realize his or her self-set goals socialization strategy that Gentle- revolves around explaining why discipline a way of thinking or behaving is right or wrong. Characteristics of low-quality relationships Neglect and abuse Lack of involvement Indifference Permissiveness Insensitivity Lack of support Rejection Hostility Positive Social Development Trust : confidence that the other person in the relationship cares, is looking out for your welfare, and will be there when needed. Self-esteem : trust applied to oneself; an attitude that one is worthy of a positive or negative evaluation. Care : an emotional concern and sense of responsibility to protect or enhance another person’s welfare or well-being. Positive Social Development Attachment : a close emotional relationship between two persons that is characterized by mutual affection and the desire to maintain proximity with the other. Initiative : the child’s capacity to use a surplus of energy to plan and constructively carry out a task. Self concept : set of beliefs the individual uses to mentally represent or understand his or her sense of self. Positive Social Development Identity : the sense of being a distinct and productive individual within the larger social framework. Competence : the psychological need to be effective as one interacts with the surrounding environment Social competence : how skilled children and adolescents are at managing the sometimes frustrating and challenging experiences they have with other people. Importance of Social and Emotional Development Develop relationships Controlling their internal emotions Master the ability to initiate, discover, play and learn Develop persistence and attention Self-regulate their behaviour Develop emotional range Develop social skills THANK YOU