ELTA V3+ Exploitation Manual PDF

RESTRICTED CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. The ELTA V3(+) radar system fitted on the CS DORNIER is a multi-mode, X-Band, Pulse Doppler Radar operating with low or medium PRF waveforms (mode and range scale dependent). The rad...

RESTRICTED CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. The ELTA V3(+) radar system fitted on the CS DORNIER is a multi-mode, X-Band, Pulse Doppler Radar operating with low or medium PRF waveforms (mode and range scale dependent). The radar performs both coherent and non-coherent processing. 2. The ELTA V3(+) Maritime Patrol Radar (MPR) forms a part of the MPA avionic system. The main purpose of the radar is to support the aircraft Air-to-Sea, Air-to-ground and Air-to-Air missions. The main task of the radar is to detect small targets with long range and high sea states. The radar searches, detects and tracks sea and air targets that are within its Field-of-View. The Radar has the ability to classify sea targets using Range Signature (RS) and Inverse SAR (ISAR) Modes. The MPR is using Spot Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode and STRIP SAR modes for ground or sea mapping. 3. The Radar System provides 360° azimuth coverage and +10° to -30° elevation coverage, (within the antenna elevation mechanical gimbals limits) through a planar array antenna mounted under the belly of the aircraft. The antenna scan rate automatically varies according to the selected mode. The elevation (antenna tilt) is dynamically optimized automatically according to mode and range scale and can be also controlled manually by the operator. The MSDC software is installed in the Air Born PC (APC) and is used as the Operator’s Radar Control & Display tool. The radar has an interface with the Inertial Navigation System (INS) in order to receive navigation data. 4. LRUs. The major Radar system LRUs are as follows: - (a) Radar Processor (RP). Includes the radar Low Power RF (LPRF), the Radar Signal Processor (RSP) and the Radar Data Computer (RDC). (b) Radar Transmitter (TX). (c) Radar Antenna (ANT). (d) Antenna Electronic Enclosure (AEE). Includes the RF Front End Receiver (FER) and the Drive Amplifier Unit (DAU). (e) INS/GPS. Inertial Navigation System and GPS. (f) Airborne PC (MSDC). RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 2 (g) GIB. General Interface Box and Protocol Convertor. (h) DC/ AC Inverter. 5. External Sensors. The various external sensors connected to the radar systems are as follows: - (a) CoMPASS III NG. Compact Multipurpose Advanced Stabilised System, comprising of Electro optic (EO) camera and FLIR. (b) ADS-B. Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast. Garmin make. (c) Data Link System. Link II system manufactured by BEL, India. (d) AIS. VDL 6000 provides target DATA information received by the AIS receiver to the MSDC. (e) AES 212 V4. Advanced airborne ESM system provides information from the ESM Targets (up to five targets) to the MSDC. 6. Modes. The following operational modes are available for the radar operator: - (a) Surface Search (SS) Mode. The SS mode includes LSS (Long Range Surface Surveillance) and ASW (Anti-Submarine Warfare). (b) NAW Mode. Navigation (Mapping) and Weather Avoidance. (c) Air-to-Air Mode. For air targets detection. (d) Imaging Modes. (i) SPOT SAR mode. (ii) STRIP SAR mode. (e) Classification Modes. (i) Classification SAR (CSAR). (ii) Inverse SAR (ISAR). (iii) Range Signature (RS). (f) MTI Modes. (i) Sea MTI (Scan MTI). RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 3 (ii) Ground MTI (GMTI) with overlay on SAR. (g) Beacon Mode. For homing onto SART beacons for Search and Rescue (SAR). (h) Interleave Mode. Interleave NAW mode with SS or with A2A modes. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 4 CHAPTER 2 TECHNICAL PARAMETERS The radar parameters of ELTA V3(+) radar fitted onboard CS Dorniers, obtained from the OEM, are as tabulated below. Ser Parameters Details 1. Operating Frequency 8.7 to 9.4 GHz 2. Radar Bandwidth 140 MHz 3. Pulse Modulation/ Compression Type Barker Code 4. Frequency Agility Parameters Random (based on pseudo-random codes) 5. Polarisation Horizontal and Vertical 6. PRF 375 Hz to 30 kHz 7. PRI Agility Type and Parameters Random 8. Peak Power (kW) 4.5 kW 9. Uncompressed Pulse Width and Type 6.5 µs 10. Noise Figures (db) -84 dbc at 1kHz Bandwidth with Duty Cycle of 6% 11. System Loss (db) -- 12. Antenna Azimuth Beam (deg) 2° ± 0.2° (Pencil Beam) 13. Antenna Elevation Beam (deg) 6.2° ± 0.2° (Pencil Beam) 14. Antenna Tilt Limitations +10° to -30° 15. Antenna Height (feet) NA (Airborne Radar) 16. Antenna Rotation Rate 40 rpm (max) 17. Antenna Side Lobe Level (in Azimuth) -38 db RMS at Center Frequency 18. Antenna Side Lobe Level (in Elevation) -38 db RMS at Center Frequency 19. Scan Rate Azimuth - 360°/ sec Elevation - 200°/ sec 20. Max Gain of Antenna (db) 33 ± 1 db 21. Search Pattern Pulse Doppler Radar using Monopulse Tracking Techniques 22. ECCM Techniques Use of Barker Codes 23. Type of Scan Circular and Sector Scan 24. Antenna Beam Shape Pencil Beam 25. Whether Height Info Available Using INS/ GPS 26. Whether War Frequency Available 04 Frequencies 28. Antenna Type Phased Planar Array Table 2.1 ELTA V3(+) Technical Parameters RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 5 CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION System LRUs 1. Antenna. The radar Antenna is mounted on the belly of the aircraft. Antenna LRU consists of two back-to-back Waveguide slotted Planar Array Antennas (PAAs) and a pedestal with freedom of movement in Azimuth (360°) and Elevation (+10° to -30°) with no fixed inhibit sectors. The antenna is driven by brushless motors in azimuth and elevation providing swift movement. The pedestal incorporates a rotary joint with paths for Control Signals and Radar RF X-band SIGMA/DELTA channels. Fig 3.1 Antenna forward View 2. Antenna Electronic Enclosure (AEE). The AEE consists of two major sub- assemblies mounted on a common cooling plate The AEE is located in the Radar Rack. It consists of a Drive Amplifier Unit (DAU) and a Front End Receiver (FER), on a common cooling plate. The DAU supplies power to the elevation and azimuth drive motors and to the FER. The FER acts as a preamplifier and further converts the X-Band (9.1 GHz range) into L-Band (1,630 MHz). Fig 3.2 AEE - General View RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 6 3. Transmitter. The Transmitter (TX) LRU based on a TWT amplifier is a high average power wide band, pulsed coherent X-band amplifier that coherently amplifies, with very low noise and with very high spectral purity, the RF signals generated in the LPRF section of the Radar Processor (RP) LRU. Fig 3.3 Transmitter - General View 4. Radar Processor. The Radar Processor (RP) consists of three major sections viz. Low Power RF (LPRF), Radar Signal Processor (RSP) and Radar Data Computer (RDC). (a) Radar Data Computer (RDC). The RDC unit controls all the radar LRUs like Transmitter, AEE, and Antenna via dedicated buses. RDC also communicates with the MSDC and other Avionics system to receive operation control for the radar and to transfer Radar status, target information etc. to the MSDC. The hardware setting status monitoring and online dynamic operation is set by the RDC based on the control received from the MSDC, the RDC SAR HOMER RT-600/ SAR-DF-517 The RHOTHETA direction finder system RT-600/ SAR-DF 517 is intended to receive and locate emergency signals and special application signals on the international distress and application specific frequencies in the VHF / UHF frequency range. ⎯ 121.500 MHz, plus additional training frequencies, for civil rescue operations, ⎯ 156.800 MHz (Maritime Channel 16) for maritime rescue operations, ⎯ 243.000 MHz, plus additional training frequencies, for military rescue operations, ⎯ 406.022 to 406.079 MHz for rescue operations using COSPAS-SARSAT signals.perform sections of the system processing including BIT etc. (b) Low Power RF (LPRF). The LPRF receives the setting for each operation from the RDC based on the command and the internal operation sequence of the radar. It generates excitation signals for transmission, receives the RF signals from the antenna and transforms them into digital samples. All functions including the PRF, PRI, Waveform etc. are being set automatically by the radar as per the operator command (mode, range scale) and the internal operation sequence between the operational mode and the BIT. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 7 (c) Radar Signal Processor (RSP). The RSP performs fast signal processing of the digital samples based on the mode and processing settings set by the RDC. Fig 3.4 Radar Processor (RP) – General View 5. Multi Sensor Display and Control (MSDC). The MSDC is the system command, control and display media which enable the operator to control the whole system perform various operations using all the sensors and display the needed information. The MSDC uses Ethernet communication as the interface with the RP, ADSB and AIS. The Multi Sensor Display and Control (MSDC) Station includes the following components: - (a) Airborne Computer (b) Operator's Display Monitor (c) MSDC SW 6. Airborne PC (APC). The Airborne PC using the MSDC software will provide the operator the ability to perform the following functions: - (a) Control the MPR modes, range-scale, etc. (b) Observe and handle radar targets as well as ESM, EO and DATA LINK targets. (c) Observe and control radar raw video. (d) Observe and manipulate targets symbols, vector lines, bearing lines etc. (e) Observe INS data and state. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 8 (f) Observe Radar health data and BIT. (g) Observe shoreline and other maps if available. (h) Generate graphical layers: Polygons, Bearing lines and other tactical accessories. 7. INS/ GPS. The Inertial Navigation System (INS) is an Embedded INS/GPS unit TNL-16GT manufactured by IAI TAMAM. The INS GPS Unit is located on the antenna base plate in order to keep it aligned with the antenna. This unit provides Navigation information to the Radar and various onboard sensors. The INS provides attitude values, accelerations, velocities and position data to the RP. Data (position and velocity) received from INS is essential for the radar operation both for the mechanical control of the antenna and the internal radar processing for the detection, tracking and imaging mechanisms. Fig 3.5 INS/ GPS – General View 8. Generic Interface Box (GIB). The GIB (Generic Interface Box) is designed to provide a single communication and power interface to a sensor array that can consists cameras, radars, intelligence systems etc. The main communication interface to the GIB is Ethernet port which allows the end-user to communicate using this port with external system that includes serial ports, Ethernet ports, analog video ports, discrete controls (IN/OUT). 9. DC/ AC Inverter. The inverter converts 28 V DC to: - (a) 270 V DC supplied to the TX assembly. (b) 115 V/ 400 Hz/ 3ø supplied to the RPA, AEE and three cooling fans. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 9 System Block Diagram Fig 3.6 Radar Block Diagram Radar States 9. The radar system includes two major states: Ready and Not Ready. (a) The Ready state includes the following sub-states: - (i) STBY. In this state, the Radar is ready for operation and waits for a specific activation command. During this state, Avionic controls are enabled, transmission is OFF. (ii) MAINTENANCE (MBIT and IBIT). In MBIT state a set of tests is performed while the A/C is on the ground. In IBIT state, the radar executes a group of "built in tests". The Tests are comprehensive and includes LRUs (Line Replaceable Units) tests and System tests. (iii) OPERATE. In this state the Radar is ready for operation upon receiving a mode request. The system can be in TX or SIL sub- states and Radar controls may be set by the operator. In TX sub-state the RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 10 Radar is permitted to transmit, while in SIL sub-state transmission is not allowed. All other functions are enabled in both sub- states. (b) The Not-Ready state includes the sub-states: - (i) POWER UP. The Radar enters this state when the system is turned on. During the Power-Up state the Radar performs initialization tests and calibrations. The POWER UP process's duration is approximately 3.5 minutes. (ii) FAIL. The Radar enters into FAIL state upon detection of a fatal failure which occurs during the Radar operation or the radar power-up sequence. Upon entering this state, the Radar restarts itself and is trying to recover. If the recovery fails the radar reports the failure to the MSDC system (if possible under the failure conditions) and waits for an operator action. (iii) SHUTDOWN. The Radar SHUTDOWN state is an intermediate state in which the Radar is switched OFF and the power to the Radar is disconnected. During this state the Radar performs any required operations in order to orderly shutdown the system without causing any damage. Fig 3.7 Various Radar States RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 11 CHAPTER 4 SWITCH ON PROCEDURE & INITIAL SETTING UP 1. CB Panel. The CB panel fitted on the Radar console enables the operator to provide various supplies (depending upon the LRU) to the Radar and switch ON/ OFF system, once cabin power supply has been switched ON. The CB panel comprises of various DC circuit breakers viz Inverter, RP, APC, Display, RCP, INS, GIB & ADS-B and AC, 3Φ Circuit breakers viz RP, AEE, RP Fan and Tx Fan. Fig 4.1 Radar CB Panel RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 12 2. Radar Control Panel (RCP). The RCP will interface the equipment for ON/ OFF control lines by use of discrete lines using 28V DC for internal power and will control: - (a) System Power ON/OFF (b) INS ON/OFF (c) Radar ON/OFF (d) APC ON/OFF (e) GIB ON/OFF (f) EO ON/OFF (g) ADS-B ON/OFF (h) DVR ON/OFF (not used) (j) WOW OVERRIDE ON/OFF Fig 4.2 Radar & Sensors Control Panel (RCP) RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 13 3. Switching ON Procedure. (a) Apply external/ internal power supply to aircraft and turn ON cabin power supply switch. (b) Push IN “RO” CB (1 amp) at 21VE panel. (c) On CB panel, push IN the DC circuit breakers viz Inverter, RP, APC, Display, RCP, INS, GIB & ADS-B and AC, 3Φ Circuit breakers viz RP, AEE, RP Fan and Tx Fan. (d) On RCP, turn ON the SYS PWR switch to ON position. Observe that the lamps. viz 28VDC, 270V DC and 115 V AC are ON. (e) On RCP, turn ON GIB and APC switches to ON position. Wait for the APC to boot. (f) On completion of the boot process, start MSDC Server watchdog. (On Successful starting of MSDC Server watchdog, the START button on the MSDC Server watchdog should be inactive). MSDC Server Icon MSDC Start Icon Fig 4.3 Radar Start Page (g) Click on MSDC START icon on the desktop, MSDC Activation window will appear on the display. (h) Fill Operator Name and Tail # data in MSDC Starter activation window and click on START. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 14 4. MSDC Activation Window. The MSDC activation window requires the operator to enter the following: - (a) Operator Name. Operator can enter the name as anything viz FG or SAR or NSXC ETC. (b) Aircraft Tail Number. This will be aircraft frame number or tail1 by default. Operator need not change this setting. Fig 4.4 MSDC Starter Setup 4. Time Display. The MSDC TIME display shall be set to local time based on location. Location shall be set manually by the operator within a defined field indicating UTC ± XX. (a) The operator can select at the MSDC Units selection window to change the displayed time to UTC or Local Location. (b) MSDC default for application activation is local time as set by the operator. (c) If INS data is not available, the MSDC will use the local time as set by the operator. 5. Windows Concept. MSDC display consists of three windows, one major display window (WINDOW-1) and two minor display windows (Window-2 and Window-3). (a) Window-1. Major tactical display. (b) Window-2. A minor window, the window displays a SAR image or EO/ IR display. EO/ IR display is recommended for Window 2. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 15 (c) Window-3. A minor window, the window display the Classification image (ISAR/ RS) or an additional tactical display image. Classification (ISAR/RS) image is recommended for Window 3. Window 2 Window 1 Window 3 Fig 4.5 Three Windows Concept Window 2 EO/IR Display Window 1 Tactical Display Window 3 ISAR/RS Display Fig 4.6 Windows in Normal Mission Sortie RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 16 6. The operator can change the location and size of the windows. The operator can also float, hide, delete and add the minor windows. The operator can choose the required display for Window-2 or 3. The windows can be changed by the operator to any size and setting. Once the operator will move the window, a “Navigator” window will appear and will allow the operator to set the windows to its location. “Double Click” on any window TAB will allocate the window into the center and allow the operator to concentrate on its function. “Double Click” again and the window TAB will be set back to its original position. Fig 4.7 MSDC Windows - ISAR Window Moved 6. Power Up. The following screen is displayed when a power up process is initiated. The clock displayed shows power up time. Fig 4.8 MSDC Power ON and Home Window RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 17 7. After completion of the Power Up process, the radar changes its state to Standby and is ready for operation. In STBY state the operator can change the radar to Operation by selecting RTX or SIL button in state selection menu. The operator can return from Operate state to Standby state at any time by pressing the STBY button in the state selection menu. 8. MSDC PPI Keys. Various MSDC PPI main keys and their description are as follows: - (a) SNP. Performs snapshot of the display and save it as JPG file. (b) Event Mark. Allows the operator to add an Event Mark. (Enter and save target event text) (c) Orientation. Pressing on this button will open the ZOOM selection menu. Allows the operator to change the display zoom, to move the image on the screen from one side to the other and to Recenter. (d) Polygon/ Polyline. This button opens the polygons selection menu. Allows the operator to select and create a polygon/ polyline. (e) Current State. This button displays current system state. Pressing on it will open State Selection menu which allows the operator to change system states. (f) Current Mode. This button displays current system mode. Pressing on it will open Modes Selection menu, allowing operator to change system mode. (g) INTLV. This button opens the Interleave window. (h) Current Range. Displays current system range. Pressing on it will open Range Selection menu, allowing operator to change system range. (j) Current Zoom Indication. Displays the current zoom factor. (k) Current Stabilization Indication. Displays the current system stabilization. 09. Channels Status Validation. When pressing on the Communication button (green circle) shown below the channel status table display will open. A Communication monitor window opens as shown below. Verify that the Communication status indication is green for AIS, ADSB and ESM. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 18 Fig 4.9 Channel Status Window 10. INS Interface Test. After powering ON, the initial status of INS will be displayed as STBY. Once INS has aligned and settled, the status will change to HNAV. (a) For interface test, click on the INS button as shown below. (b) A window with INS GPS Data will open as shown below. Verify that status is HNAV. (c) Check that INS GPS shows correct LAT/ LONG and True Heading according to aircraft current position. Verify that FOM is less than 3. Fig 4.10 INS Button and INS Data Window 11. Interface Test with EO/ IR. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 19 (a) Verify INS/ GPS data appears on the EO screen. (b) To create manual target on MSDC main window, select right click and go to TWS. Select TWS and manual target will be created. (c) Right click on the target, select EO – Slew. Verify that EO moves to the direction of the target. 12. Interface Test with AAESM. (a) Verify green light in the "COM status" window. (b) ESM targets (line of bearing) sent from ESM system are displayed on radar display (5 targets). (c) Also verify that video data from Radar (slave display) is displayed on ESM screen. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 20 CHAPTER 5 AIR TO SEA MODES 1. The Sea mission modes provides sea targets detection in almost all weather, navigation, ground mapping and surface moving targets indication. The following operation modes are available: - (a) Surface Surveillance (SS) Mode. The main mode for small and large targets detection at short and long ranges (including automatic Track While Scan [TWS]). (b) Range Signature (RS) Sub Mode. Used for target classification by providing a one dimensional (range) Target (ship) profile. (c) Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) Mode. Creates a two-dimensional silhouette representation reflecting target dimensions and characteristics. Used for target classification in high sea states. (d) Classification SAR (CSAR) Mode. Generates a SAR image (Azimuth/ range projection) of detected sea targets. Used for target classification in calm sea states. (e) Moving Targets Indication (MTI) Mode. The MTI mode provides surface moving targets detection. The Radar searches for Targets in an area defined by the operator (sector and range). Surface Surveillance (SS) Mode 2. The Surface Surveillance (SS) mode provides surface targets detection and auto tracking (for moving and stationary targets). All targets are tracked and displayed to the operator within the search defined area (sector or 360°). The Sea Surface detection threshold is dynamically updated every scan in parallel to the detection and tracking process to maintain the Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) of 1 in 20 min. This means that if the sea state is higher (more returns from the sea) the threshold at this location will be higher and vice versa. This provides a low workload for the operator who does not need to handle the detection threshold and only needs to handle the targets analysis. The radar also incorporates a digital sea shore map into the processing and the radar will reject targets over land and will detect and track only targets over sea surface. The operator can select targets to be designated as Tactical Tracks (system-tracks) which will be reported to the avionic system. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 21 3. SS mode is the radar most common operation mode and is used for high detection probabilities out to the radar horizon. It provides high probability search and detection of maritime targets with low false alarm rate. The mode provides raw video display for operator’s orientation and target display with range and azimuth data seen on the display. Antenna Rotation rate in SS mode is 40 RPM. Range scales available are 10, 20, 30, 40, 80, 160 and 200 NM. Fig 5.1 Surface Surveillance (SS) Mode 4. Submarine Detection. For ranges up to 80 NM, Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) mode of Surface Surveillance is activated. The main task of the ASW mode is to improve detection capabilities of small targets like submarines (up to 80 NM), with the aircraft flying at low altitude up to a few thousand feet. For submarine detection, flight altitude of about 1,000 ft is required. The radar display shows both extracted plots (synthetic display) and the “raw” processed video output. 5. Classify While Scan (CWS). Target may be auto classified while scanning under the three following conditions: - (a) MPR mode is SS. (b) MPR Range Scale is under 80 NM. (c) Target has a track with known course. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 22 (d) The radar targets will be provided with three colors representing size - Small, Medium or Large. (e) Targets will be provided with two shapes representing the target estimated type - Commercial or Military. (f) Target will be classified only if the aspect is within ±30°. 6. Bearing Lines. The operator will be able to initiate up to 10 Manual Bearing lines. Bearing lines are displayed and handled in the Primary Tactical window only. To plot a bearing line, following steps to be followed: - (a) Select the Aircraft Symbol OR any other point on the tactical display using the Right click. (b) Select Bearing Line (BrLn) from the menu. (c) Fill the following fields in BrLn window: - (i) Bearing from aircraft relative to North (0-360°). (ii) Color (Adversity). Unknown - Magenta or RWR - Red. (iii) Comment (up to 20 char). Only displayed in the dialog box. (d) Press the OK button on the BrLn window. A bearing line from the A/C current geo position to the end of tactical window will be drawn. The BrLn initial point will not move dynamically with the A/C. (e) The line will be displayed up to 200 NM even if the A/C is not within the display area. (f) Right Key click will result in a menu enabling to add BrLn Name/Note (up to 20 CHAR) or Delete the line. (g) Manual Bearing Line Declutter can be used to filter the display. 7. Auto Area. An area defined by the operator for automatic operations on all targets in the area and on targets entering into the area. The operator can define 1 to 4 auto areas in the tactical display. Auto area can be utilized for INIT or BLANK. (a) INIT. When in Init state the area is displayed in green. The Radar converts all the Targets inside this area into “Tactical Tracks” and automatically initiates all new targets entering the area as “Tactical Tracks”. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 23 (b) BLANK. The Blank Area is displayed in blue. The Radar will not display any of the targets and tracks inside this area. Existing tactical tracks in this area will become DR targets. 8. Auto Delete. The operator can delete a group of tactical tracks by defining an auto delete area. Auto Delete is a One Shot rectangle Vectors. 9. Vectors. Vector can be initiated between two points on the display. The vector will display Azimuth and Range between the two points relative to the initiation point. (a) The operator can define up to 32 vectors with a limited length of 200 NM. (b) It is not possible to define a vector with the length of zero NM. (c) The vector line will include information about azimuth in degrees and range in NM. (d) Estimated time of arrival (ETA) will be displayed on the vectors originating from the A/C. (e) Difficulty will be experienced while selecting targets located near the vector. Zoom function has to be activated for easier target selection. 10. Free Reference Marker (FRM). Up to 32 FRMs can be defined by the operator and give a unique name for each one of them. The FRM is a defined point used for: - (a) Measuring distance from Aircraft, target or any geographic point. (b) Slaving Antenna tilt angle to FRM. (c) Setting Sector center. (d) Drawing an ISR around a geographic point. 11. ISR. ISR is used to create a circle around a Tactical Track, a FRM or the A/C. ISR color will change as per the target adversity. ISR EDIT option is not available. If update is required a new one will be initiated and the old will disappear. For activation of ISR: - (a) Use the Right mouse key over a Target to open the menu. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 24 (b) From the menu select TWS. (c) Select ISR – A dialog window will appear for creating, removing or setting the radius. (d) ISR radius can be updated individually for each defined ISR. Zero means no ISR (e) The minimum size of the circle can be 0.1 NM Fig 5.2 ISR Window 12. Adversity. Adversity can be activated for Tactical Tracks only. Adversity will be selected by using the Target Data Window. Adversity will change the Target Color and the ISR circle color, if any. Following Adversity colors are available: - (a) Hostile – Red. (b) Friend – Blue. (c) Neutral – Green. (d) Unknown – Magenta. (e) Threat – Orange. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 25 13. Keyboard Shortcuts. Operations which can be performed using the mouse roller can also be performed using the up and down keyboard arrows. The operations are: - (a) Change sector width. (b) Change ISR radius. (c) Select SAR resolution before entering to SAR mode. Ser Key Control Remarks (a) Arrows Up/ Down Gain control SS Mode (b) Arrows Right/ Left Range scale SS Mode (c) Arrows Up/ Down Sector width When sector is initiated Close all menus in (d) CTRL H All the blue icons tactical display Table 5.1 Keyboard Shortcuts - SS Mode 14. Radar Recentering. The Radar Recenter button in the Orientation menu allows the operator to center the A/C in the tactical display. The button is displayed only in ground stabilization mode. Fig 5.3 Recentering Button 15. Zoom IN. This buttons in the Orientation menu enables the operator to zoom in (expand) the Tactical area displayed. After selection of the Zoom In button + sign will replace the CURSOR symbol and will allow the operator to activate the Zoom function on the area of interest. Two rectangles will appear on the display, the Red area indicates operator request and the Green represent the area which can be expanded while maintaining the display aspect ratio. The Green area will be the actual zoomed displayed area. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 26 Fig 5.4 Zoom IN Screen 16. Reconnaissance. Pressing on Recon button in POLY MNG window will open the reconnaissance window setting and display for the selected shape. In this, the polygon will serve as a Warning area for the operator. Fig 5.5 Polygon Manage Button and Options 17. The MSDC will alert by changing the red line of the polygon and with audio sound when the number of targets existing in the polygon or entering or exiting the polygon will exceed the limited number entered. Fig 5.6 Reconnaissance Window 18. Various setting wrt the Recon window are as follows: - (a) Alert Activity – Daily Time Intervals. The operator can determine the daily time intervals for the warning area to be active. The operator can divide the day to three Interval time. For each Interval, the operator can set the start and end time and if the Interval is enabled or disabled. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 27 Fig 5.7 Reconnaissance Window - Alert Activity (b) Filters Definition. In this, the operator can set, filter and activate three type of warning to be applicable in warning area: - (i) Existing Targets. The minimum number of targets in the warning area. (ii) Entering Targets. The minimum number of targets entering to warning area. (iii) Exiting Targets. The minimum number of targets exiting from warning area. Fig 5.8 Reconnaissance Window - Filters (c) Target Options. The target options group contains following three buttons: - (i) Stop Recon. This button transforms the Warning area to a regular polygon. (ii) Sounds. This button will open the sounds menu enabling changing sounds parameters and choosing a sound file. (iii) Hide All. This button hides all open Warning area windows. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 28 Fig 5.9 Reconnaissance Window - Target Options 19. Interleave Control. The Interleave control allows the operator to activate two modes of operation which will be automatically switched based on time. Only single raw video of one of the modes will be displayed based on the operator selection. However, it is to be borne in mind that interleave mode results in degraded operation for both the activated modes. Changing mode from primary to secondary is done using the buttons shown below: - Fig 5.10 Interleave Mode and Controls (a) Rates of Switching. The various rates of switching between the interleaved modes are as follows: - (i) None. The radar does not scan in secondary mode. (ii) 30. A secondary mode scans every 30 sec. (iii) 60. A secondary mode scans every 60 sec. (iv) 120. A secondary mode scan every 120 sec. (b) Various Mode Combinations. The following table displays the possible interleaved combinations between primary and secondary modes: - Ser Primary Mode Secondary Modes RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 29 (i) SS NAW or A2A (ii) A2A NAW or SS Table 5.2 Interleave Modes 20. Range Selection. The range selection in SS mode can be performed from the KBD shortcut (Left or Right key) or from the Range Scale menu. The toolbar enables the operator to define the desired Range Scale selection. The antenna tilt will be calculated and set based on the selected Range Scale and A/C Altitude. The range scale will cause the antenna to set the elevation near to the maximum selected Range Scale. For SS mode the selection of range scale will automatically set the Sub-Mode which defines the generated waveform and scanning speed: - (a) Selecting 10 NM range scale will set the radar to an ASW mode using a short pulse width (minimum range of ~500 m) and fast scanning speed (40 RPM). (b) Selecting 20, 30, 40 NM range scale will set the radar to an ASW mode using a long pulse with 10% duty cycle. The radar antenna will be set to fast scanning (40 RPM). (c) Selecting 80 NM range scale will set the radar to an ASW mode using a long pulse with 6% duty cycle. The radar antenna will be set to medium speed scanning (20 RPM). (d) Selecting 160 or 200 NM range scale will set the radar to a Long Surface Surveillance mode using a long pulse with 6% duty cycle (ambiguous PRF). The radar antenna will be set to medium speed scanning (20RPM). 21. Sector Scan. This defines the type of the sector. Available options are SCAN, INHIBIT and BLANK. (a) SCAN. When SCAN is selected, the radar will transmit and receive within the defined sector. (b) INHIBIT. When INHIBIT is selected, the radar will only receive and will not transmit (can be used to detect jammers or electronic counter- measures). (c) BLANK. When BLANK is selected, the radar will transmit and not receive (can be used to prevent jamming effects from a specific sector, while keeping the jammer oblivious of its detection). RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 30 Fig 5.11 Sector Scan Window and Sector Properties 22. When sector scan is set, the antenna scanning speed is reduce to approximately between half to a quarter of the normal scanning speed. 23. Land Targets. In SS mode, display of land targets can be selected using the LRJ button in Target window. The LRJ button has two option: - (a) LRJ Not Checked. Radar Surface targets detected in SS mode will be detected and tracked both on sea and land. (b) LRJ Checked. Radar surface targets detected in SS mode will be detected and tracked at sea only. 24. DR Time. The Radar defines default DR time of 180 min for all tracks. The operator can change DR time for all tracks to any value between 0 to 180 min using the DR Time button in Target window. Fig 5.12 DR Time Window 25. Memory Purge. The Memory Purge button can be used to clear all targets and their information from the display. The Radar enters RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 31 automatically to STBY mode. Since all targets and target data will be cleared, a confirmatory message will be asked by the system before execution. Fig 5.13 Memory Purge Message Range Signature (RS) Mode 23. RS is a classification mode that allows the operator to perform classification while scanning. The Radar can perform RS function in 3m resolution or 1m resolution, on a selected target every 4 scans. The Range Signature (RS) mode provides the capability to classify targets by their length. The classification will take place at any bearing from the Aircraft within Radar coverage sector, at target aspects of up to ±45° from bow/ stern centerline, at velocities of up to 40 knots and in all Sea States. 24. Range Signature operation is possible on any designated maritime target. RS minimum range is ~6 NM and maximum range can be 200 NM. The Radar antenna continues scanning during RS mode. The processing generates data supporting an "A-Scope display", reflecting target’s dimensions (length and amplitude). RS mode can be activated during Surface Surveillance mode on a radar target or a tactical track. By activating the mode, the radar performs RS function on the target every forth scan, according to the selected resolution. Fig 5.14 Range Signature (RS): A-Scope Display RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 32 Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) Mode 25. The Inverse SAR (ISAR) mode generates a target image (Range/ Doppler projection) of an operators' selected sea target. The ISAR Mode enables the Radar Operator to classify, using ISAR techniques, maritime targets with velocities of up to 40 knots, at any bearing from the Aircraft (within antenna scan limits), at target aspects of up to ±45° from the bow/stern centerline, in sea states greater than or equal to Sea State 1. 26. A maritime target ISAR classification is possible between range of 6 NM and up to a maximum-instrumented range of 200 NM. ISAR mode provides for classification of maritime surface targets with two selectable resolutions. An on-screen cursor enables the operator to measure image length and superstructure positions. 27. ISAR mode can be activated during any mode on a radar target or on a tactical track or on a Geo Position. When in ISAR, initiation of a tactical track on the current image HPT will display the target symbol only upon ISAR completion. When activating this mode the radar is performing the imaging according to the selected resolution. A continues updating image in a rate of 4 to 8 images per second are displayed on the top of the ISAR image. When ISAR mode is on, RS mode activation will initiate an RS function on the imaged target with no effect on the ISAR imaging. 28. Aspect will have a major effect on the ISAR image result and the resulting length measurement. Operator should know and acknowledge that track aspect beyond ±45° and low tracking quality may result in bad ISAR image. Stationary target’s aspect cannot be estimated. 29. The radar can perform the ISAR mode in 0.6m, 1m or 3m resolution, for the selected target. The ISAR integration time can be modified in order to achieve a better Doppler resolution, especially when the sea level is low. The integration time can be selected as 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 sec (image rate is 8 images per sec for 0.5 to 3 and 4 images per second otherwise). RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 33 Fig 5.15 ISAR Window (a) Paging. When the RADAR is performing ISAR mode it sends up to 8 frames per sec to MSDC. The operator can handle ONLY the last frame. The operator can select the best frame from the last 32 frames using forward and backward arrow on ISAR window. For this, the operator should freeze the display or change the mode. Paging will be done on the current target and on the last resolution only. The selected frame can be handled with all the ISAR tools including measurement and CLS. Parameter Description Parameter Description ID Target identification Asp Target Aspect (°) R Target Range (NM) C Target Course (°) V Target Speed (Knots) Q Track quality level (1-7) Measurement length (m) A/ M Res Current resolution - Automatic or Manual Scale represented by Gr TM each cell in the graph (m) Table 5.3 ISAR Window Parameters (b) Keyboard Shortcuts. Ser Key Control Remarks (a) Arrows Up/ Down Resolution control ISAR Mode (b) Arrows Right/ Left Integration Time RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 34 Table 5.4 Keyboard Shortcuts - ISAR Mode 30. Special Operating Instructions. (a) Target aspect should be 30° to 60° for optimal results. (b) Aircraft heading has no impact on ISAR performance. (c) Operator should try changing integration time until optimal result is achieved. (d) Automatic/ manual calculation of target length is possible. Classification SAR (CSAR) Mode 31. The CSAR mode is a complimentary mode for ISAR and should be used when the radar cannot build an ISAR image. The Classification SAR (CSAR) mode generates a SAR image (AZ/ range projection) of an operators' selected sea target. CSAR mode is the counterpart of ISAR mode for situations where the target does not rotate (a very calm sea). 32. CSAR mode permits classification of maritime targets with a selectable 1m and 3m range resolution at crosswind sea scale up to Douglas 1 out to 30 NM for detected targets. Classification is possible at ranges from 6 NM up to 80 NM. The cited resolution will be achieved for targets lying at any aspect to the aircraft except for a sector of 30° both sides from aircraft nose or tail. 33. CSAR mode can be activated during SS mode or MTI mode for a radar target or for a tactical track. An updated SAR image will be displayed after "T coherent" integration time, on the CSAR display window. The image that will be displayed is a square shape with a resolution as per the selected range. Before activation of CSAR mode, the operator should verify that the bearing of the selected track is ± 30° (relative to A/C ground). RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 35 Fig 5.16 CSAR Window 34. Special Operating Instructions. (a) Target aspect should be 90°±15° for optimal results. (b) Aircraft heading has no impact on CSAR performance. (c) Automatic/ manual calculation of target length is possible. Moving Target Indication (MTI) Mode 35. A Moving Target Indication (MTI) mode is used for improved long-range detection of stationary and non-stationary maritime and airborne over-sea moving targets at a maximum range of 80 NM. The radar will automatically track every detected target up to 2000 MTI targets. Scan-MTI is optimized for moving targets based on their radial speed. 36. The radar performs on SS scan for every fourth MTI scan and therefore raw video can be displayed along with automatic target symbol extraction as well as target track designation. Using Digital Map the radar is able to reject land detections. In this mode, the radar implements SS waveform processing in order to display targets having an absolute velocity higher than an operator selectable velocity threshold, a LOW Velocity Threshold or a HIGH Velocity Threshold: - RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 36 (a) High. This is a detection threshold for targets with radial velocity higher than 15 knots (apart from the velocity threshold the target has to pass the detection threshold as in SS mode). When HIGH is selected, only moving targets with a radial velocity higher than 15 knots are detected and presented. (b) Low. This is a detection threshold for all targets including those with radial velocity lower than 15 knots. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 37 CHAPTER 6 AIR TO AIR MODE 1. The radar provides 3D A2A mode, detecting airborne targets based on their radial speed i.e. using pulse Doppler detection and tracking mode. The Air-to-Air pulse Doppler mode uses a coherent waveform and coherent medium PRF pulse Doppler processing to provide Track While Scan (TWS) capabilities for airborne targets. The Radar searches for Targets in a User selected area (sector and range). 2. The Air to Air mode provides 3D airborne target awareness situation area 360° around the aircraft. The radar also provides target Altitude measurement. The Air to Air mode maximum range is 80 NM but the selected range scale can be set to more than the maximum detection range. The radar will automatically track every detected target up to 512 A2A internal tracks. The operator is can also activate a Single Target Track to have a high quality tracking for the selected target. Antenna elevation in A2A mode is higher than maritime modes. Fig 6.1 Air-to-Air (A2A) Mode 3. Target Speed Velocity Threshold. In A2A mode the operator can change the detection velocity threshold to be HIGH or LOW. (a) High. This is a detection threshold that allows detection of targets with radial velocity higher than 115 knots. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 38 (b) Low. This is a detection threshold that allows detection of targets with radial velocity higher than 75 knots. Fig 6.2 Tvel Button 4. A2A Bars. In Air-to-Air mode the operator can select the scan pattern including 4 elevation values by selecting the A2A BARS scan type. The BARS selection changes the elevation values of the antenna, and the total elevation beam coverage as tabulated below: - Bar 1 Bar 2 Bar 3 Bar 4 Total Elevation 5° 8° 11° 14° Table 6.1 A2A Mode Bars - Elevations Fig 6.3 A2A Mode Bars 5. Speed and altitude information of air targets can also be display around the target symbol using the cursor. Fig 6.4 A2A Target Speed and Altitude 6. Range Selection. In A2A mode, the range selection can be performed only using the Range Scale menu. Setting the Range Scale automatically sets the radar waveform and the antenna scanning speed. For A2A mode the same scanning speed and waveform will be active regardless of the selected range scale. Available range scales are 10, 20, 30, 40 and 80 NM. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 39 7. Special Operating Instructions. (a) Antenna coverage in elevation is limited and the operator has to give attention to antenna position. (b) Aircraft flying above aircraft altitude will not be detected. (c) Tvel field in Target Menu can be used to determine minimum speed for detection (75 kn or 115 kn). (d) Maximal number of TWS targets is 512. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 40 CHAPTER 7 AIR TO GROUND MODES 1. The Ground mission mode provides SAR imaging of the ground in almost all weather conditions. The following operation modes are available in ground mode: - (a) Spot SAR Mode. Used for providing SAR images of ground areas. (b) Strip SAR Mode. Provides a “rolling” SAR image parallel to the aircraft flight path. (c) Ground Moving Targets Indication (GMTI) Mode. Detection of moving targets including automatic TWS. Spot Synthetic Aperture Radar (Spot SAR) Mode 2. Spot SAR mode generates and displays SAR images and provides high- resolution two-dimensional (range and azimuth) mapping. The Spot-SAR mode is used to improve mapping resolution during ground or coastal operations, and for targets discrimination. SAR mode can be used under almost all visibility conditions. The SAR image allows differentiation between various targets residing within the same radar beam and at the same range. The Spot SAR mode enables to distinguish and observe land contacts and topographic features. Fig 7.1 Spot SAR Mode RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 41 3. This mode can be activated at a specified location. The operator can select the image patch resolution which defines the image patch coverage size. The patch parameters can be altered by the operator (Display center, Gain, Contrast and Zoom). The SAR map can be located anywhere between 30° and 150°, relative to the ground velocity vector. (KOZ angle is ±30° to forward and aft of the aircraft). 4. The Spot-SAR mode provides three resolutions 1 m, 3 m and 12 m. The minimum range to perform Spot SAR imaging is 10 NM for 1m and 3m resolution and 12 NM for 12m resolution. For better image quality of Spot SAR, it is recommended to activate the mode at approximately 90° bearing and ≥ 7.5° grazing angle. Fig 7.2 Spot SAR Image 5. Resolution Performance. Spot-SAR coverage and resolution performance are as follows: - (a) The Spot SAR mode will produce an image covering swath width of 1.4 NM x 1.4 NM with a resolution of 1 m. (b) The Spot SAR mode will produce an image covering swath width of 4 NM x 4 NM with a resolution of 3 m. (c) The Spot SAR mode will produce an image covering swath width of 16 NM x 16 NM with a resolution of 12 m. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 42 6. Special Point of Interest (SPI). Special Point of Interest (SPI) can be defined by the operator on the Tactical display. This point can be used for initiating radar modes of operations on geo position such as Spot SAR, MTI etc. Fig 7.3 Special Point of Interest 7. Special Operating Instructions. (a) Minimal platform speed for better SAR image is 100 kn. (b) A high flight speed improves SAR image (fly as fast as possible). (c) Angle of elevation: 5° - 10°. (d) Minimum range 6 NM and Maximum range 80 NM. (e) Keep out zone (KOZ): - (i) Bearing 330° to 030°. (ii) Bearing 150° to 210°. Strip SAR Mode 8. Strip SAR mode provides a “rolling” SAR image of a ground strip. The Strip SAR mode provides high-resolution two-dimensional mapping (range and azimuth). Strip SAR Mode provides a 3m or 12m resolution wide strip SAR image over Sea or Land area. Strip SAR must be activated as close as possible to a parallel path of the aircraft ground track. The swath width for 3m resolution is ~15Km and for 12m resolution the swath width is 48 KM. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 43 Fig 7.4 Strip SAR Mode 9. Strip-SAR can be activated for ranges of 12 NM to 80 NM, where the maximum practical recommended range is: 55 NM for 3m resolution and 80 NM for 12m resolution. Fig 7.5 Strip SAR Image RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 44 10. Special Operating Instructions. (a) A high flight speed improves SAR image (fly as fast as possible). (b) Minimal platform speed is 100 kn. (c) Angle of elevation: 5° - 10°. (d) Minimum range 6 NM and maximum range 80 NM. (e) No synthetic display of targets. (f) Keep out zone (KOZ) same as Spot SAR mode. Ground Moving Targets Indication (GMTI) Mode 11. Ground Moving Target Indication (GMTI) mode is used to detect and track ground moving targets over clutter. The GMTI mode detects Ground moving targets within a selected patch. The targets are also displayed over a 3m or 12 m resolution Spot SAR image. The detection is performed around a specified patch center using the selected resolutions. Fig 7.6 GMTI Mode RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 45 12. The RADAR in GMTI mode can detect and track up to 512 moving land-based targets over ground clutter. The utilized azimuth mono-pulse and Doppler Effect enables the GMTI mode detecting and track moving land-based targets to a maximum instrumented range of 80 NM. The GMTI over SAR provides synthetic display of all ground detected targets and background display of Spot-SAR. GMTI Target Fig 7.7 GMTI Targets 13. Special Operating Instructions. (a) GMTI can be activated at any point around the Aircraft. (b) Up to 512 TWS targets are available. (c) In order to prevent hiding of targets by terrain, it is recommended to fly above 5,000 ft. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 46 CHAPTER 8 NAVIGATION & WEATHER (NAW) MODE 1. The NAW mode is used for long range weather/ ground return detection at medium to high altitude flights. The NAW mode generates a video image from clouds reflection upon a land surface. This mode can be used for weather avoidance and navigation. In NAW mode the Radar detects and displays a rain fall density map covering a circular area of up to 200 NM range (precipitation dependent). 2. In NAW mode, Azimuth resolution is 5º. The range resolution varies in accordance with range scale and are as follows: - (a) 90 m in 10 NM. (b) 180 m in 20 NM. (c) 270 m in 40 NM. (d) 540 m in 80 NM. (e) 540 m in 160 NM. Fig 8.1 Navigation & Weather Mode RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 47 3. The weather raw video uses a four level color key to indicate different rainfall intensities detected by the Radar System as follows: - Ser Weather Type Color Rain Intensity (a) Clear Air Black Upto 1mm/hour rainfall rate (b) Light Weather Green 1 to 4mm/hour rainfall rate (c) Moderate Weather Yellow 4 to 12mm/hour rainfall rate (d) Severe Weather Red Above 12mm/hour rainfall rate Table 8.1 NAW Mode Color Coding 4. Range Selection. The range selection in NAW mode can be performed only from the Range Scale menu. For NAW mode, the waveform and scanning speed will automatically be set based on the range scale. Available range scales are 10, 20, 30, 40, 80, 160, and 200 NM. 5. Special Operating Instructions. (a) It is not recommended to use NAW mode for long periods of time, since target detection is not performed. (b) Interleave option (with a detection mode) can be used to prevent loss of targets. (c) Before using NAW, it is recommended to classify targets in important areas as tactical targets (auto TWS area). RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 48 CHAPTER 9 AIS GUIDE BOOK 1. The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is an automatic tracking system used to locate and identify vessels by electronically exchanging data with nearby ships and AIS base stations. The AIS system fitted onboard the Glass Cockpit CS Dorniers is the VDL 6000. 2. The unit’s data output provides the location and identification details of all AIS transponders within receiving range. The Airborne PC interfaces with AIS System via GIB which converts RS485 serial communication to Ethernet. The target DATA information received by the AIS Receiver is transferred to the MSDC over Ethernet link. The received information is used to plot AIS Targets on MSDC. Fig 9.1 AIS Data Display 3. The Maritime Identification Digit (MID) of MMSI numbers of various MNF/ ERFs operating in the North Arabian Sea are as tabulated below. Ser Country MID (a) Germany 211, 218 (b) Spain 224, 225 (c) France 226, 227, 228 (d) Great Britain 232,233, 234, 235 (e) Turkey 271 (f) Russia 273 RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 49 Ser Country MID (g) United States of America 338, 366, 367, 368, 369 (h) Saudi Arabia 403 (j) Bangladesh 405 (k) China 412, 413 (l) Sri Lanka 417 (m) Iran 422 (n) Japan 431, 432 (p) Oman 461 (q) Pakistan 463 (r) United Arab Emirates 470 (s) Australia 503 (t) Indonesia 525 Table 9.1 MIDs of Various Countries 4. The AIS details of various foreign naval units monitored by the squadron are as tabulated below. Ser Unit MMSI IMO Remarks Pakistan (a) PNS Moawin 463000039 -- C/S - ARNM (b) PMSS Kolachi 463068101 -- C/S - ARSC (c) PMSS Sabqat 463055101 -- Spoofing - Badsha Spoofing - Sea Loin/ (d) PMSS Rafaqat 463056101 -- Kingfisher Pak Security Ship (e) PMSS Kashmir 370662000 9447104 C/S - 143 PNS Rah (f) 463000000 -- C/S ARNR Naward (g) PMSS Barkat 671743000 -- Spoofing - Steel Investor Spoofing - Vessel Type (h) PMSS Basol 412373080 -- Pleasure Craft (j) PMSS Hingol 411000000 -- (k) PNS Zulfiquar 214921010 -- China Hai Yang Di Zhi Research Vessel (l) 413331770 9781248 Jiu Hao C/S - BQGH Chinese Maritime (m) Yu Peng 412212110 9723473 Academy Training Ship USA RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 50 Ser Unit MMSI IMO Remarks USNS John (n) 367932000 8325547 C/S - NJLN Lenthall (p) USNS Patuxent 367863000 8906614 C/S - NPCZ Russia Rescue Tug Boat (q) SB 739 273542830 -- C/S - RJI48 Research/ Survey Vyacheslav (r) 273350140 9538304 Vessel Tikhonov C/S - UBSH6 Sri Lanka (s) SLNS Gajabahu 417222990 -- C/S - 4QPK Indonesia (t) KRI Bung Tomo 525014074 -- C/S - PLJT Germany (u) FGS Bayern 211210180 -- C/S - DRAJ Table 9.2 AIS Details of Foreign Warships RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 51 CHAPTER 10 V/ UHF HOMER SAR-DF-517 1. The RHOTHETA direction finder system RT-600/ SAR-DF 517 is intended to receive and locate emergency signals and special application signals on the international distress and application specific frequencies in the VHF / UHF frequency range. (a) 121.500 MHz, plus additional training frequencies, for civil rescue operations. (b) 156.800 MHz (Maritime Channel 16) for maritime rescue operations. (c) 243.000 MHz, plus additional training frequencies, for military rescue operations. (d) 406.022 to 406.079 MHz for rescue operations using COSPAS-SARSAT signals. 2. Power On Procedure. After switching on the unit through the ON/OFF Push-Button, a start screen is shown on the LCD display for five seconds. After five seconds, the equipment switches into the operational mode by displaying the last active main page before having been switched off, that means either the DF (Direction Finder) or the MEM (Memory) page. (a) The upper line is showing the name of the product, i.e., RT-600 / SAR-DF 517. (b) The second line is showing the sub-version of the equipment, “Standard Version” for the standard version. (c) The fourth line is showing the web address of the manufacturer, RHOTHETA Elektronik GmbH. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 52 (d) The lowest line displays software version and serial number information for the antenna unit (software version 3.12) and for the display control unit (software version 3.16). 3. General Operating Principles. (a) LC Graphic Display. 128 x 64 dots dot-matrix display, dark blue on yellow-green background showing all relevant operational information depending upon the selected page. (b) Menu. Options for rotary and push buttons: If a field with dark background and bright text is shown below a button or switch, the function described in this field may be selected through the operational element above or below this menu field. In case of the Page Menu, the active page is highlighted with dark background, while the inactive page is in black letters. (c) ON/OFF. Push button to switch ON/ OFF the system. (d) Volume. Rotary Switch, used to adjust the volume of the audio output or to select frequency values (MHz steps). (e) SQL. Rotary Switch, used to adjust the squelch function or to select specific functions on a page depending upon the interactive menu on the display. (f) CLR/ F1 Push-button. If pushed for a short time, this button activates the function F1. If pushed for a longer time (3 seconds), this button activates the CLEAR function. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 53 (g) STORE/ F2 Push-Button. If pushed for a short time, this button activates the function F2. (h) Rep/ DIM Push-Button. If pushed for a short time, this button activates the setup of the display dimming function. If pushed for a longer time (3 seconds), this button activates the repetition of the last valid bearing and signal level information. (j) Page. Rotary Switch to select displayed main pages (“DF” or “MEM”). Together with the DIM button, it is used to set the display brightness (dimming function). (k) Frequency. Rotary Switch to select frequencies. 4. Main Pages Selection. There are two main pages which can be selected: - (a) DF (Direction Finder) Page. Page in which all relevant operational information is shown, depending on the kind of signal which shall be received. Generally, the direction finder mode is used to track bearing information towards a transmitter. It shows all basic information depending of the kind of signal to be tracked. Mainly, differences in how information is displayed are related to the information content of tracked signals. Basic information and basic operational possibilities are applicable for signals with no additional information content, such as 121.500 MHz sweep-tone modulated SAR beacon signals. In case of signals with additional information content, such as COSPAS-SARSAT data messages, additional sub-pages may be activated. (b) MEM (Memory) Page. Page in which memorized operational frequencies can be modified. 5. Standard Display in Bearing Mode. RESTRICTED  RESTRICTED 54 (1) >Relative Bearing valueSpreadReceiving level< (field strength) of the signal as a relative percentage value, visualized as bargraph indication and as decimal value. Even without a received signal a certain noise level may be displayed. (4) >Squelch level< (independently adjustable and stored for each frequency). Squelch level is indicated as marker at the Signal Strength Bar-Graph or as direct relative level value. A usable bearing analysis can only be achieved if the squelch level is above the noise level (without received signal). If the antenna unit is placed close a heavily disturbing electronic devices, the squelch level has to be raised, thus making the direction finder being less sensitive. In receive modes where the squelch level is set automatically, an “A” above the marker indicates the “Auto squelch” functionality. (5) >Last Signal< timer showing the time since a signal has been received for the last time (i.e. since a signal has been stronger than the squelch level). Values are “minutes: seconds”. RESTRICTED