Earth and Life Science Quarter 2 Module Genetic Engineering PDF

Earth and Life Science Quarter 2 – Module 4: Genetic Engineering CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 4 Earth and Life Science Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 4: Genetic Engineering First Edition, 2021 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright sh...

Earth and Life Science Quarter 2 – Module 4: Genetic Engineering CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 4 Earth and Life Science Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 4: Genetic Engineering First Edition, 2021 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writer: Nerissa E. Manila Editors: Melanie I. Samudio, Jocelyn M. Manset Reviewers: Jason Ricaforte, Elizabeth A. Soriano, Princess Paolah L. De Guzman, Marissa C. Betchaida, Louie L. Alvarez, Gregorio M. De Chavez Jr., Jocelyn M. Manset, Mario B. Maramot, Elaine T. Balaogan, Job S. Zape Jr., Arturo E. De Leon Illustrator: Ednelinda Robles, Lovely Joy La Rosa, Charles Erick A. Jusay, Sandro Carlo B. Tablizo Layout Artist: Anselma M. Ebero, Elizalde L. Piol, Jocelyn M. Manset, Argie L. Ty Management Team: Francis Cesar B. Bringas Job S. Zape, Jr. Ramonito Elumbaring Reicon C. Condes Elaine T. Balaogan Fe M. Ong-ongowan Merthel M. Evardome Nadine C. Celindro Nicolas M. Burgos Mario B. Maramot Fe M. Ong-ongowan Rosalinda A. Mendoza Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Brgy. San Isidro, Cainta, Rizal Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487 E-mail Address: [email protected] Earth and Life Science Quarter 2 – Module 2: Perpetuation of Life Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you.  What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the nature of Earth and Life Science. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. The module has one lesson: Lesson 1 – Genetic Engineering After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. define genetic engineering; 2. describe the techniques in genetic engineering as based from the situation given; and 3. appreciate the role of genetic engineering to human life 1 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 4  What I Know Directions Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Organisms that have transferred DNA from a different species are called A. genetically modified organisms B. transgenic organisms C. both a and b D. none of a and b 2. It is a process in which animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce offspring with the desired traits. A. cloning B. hybridization C. inbreeding D. selective breeding 3. It is a process of creating an organism that has an exact genetic copy of another. A. artificial selection B. cloning C. gene splicing D. selective breeding 4. A technique in artificial selection that involves propagation of organisms with desired traits. A. cloning B. hybridization C. inbreeding D. selective breeding 5. It is a process where a DNA is cut out from one organism and put into another organism. A. cloning B. gel electrophoresis C. gene splicing D. selective breeding 6. A technology used in genetic engineering where DNA molecules from two different species are combined. A. DNA Recombinant technology B. Recombinant DNA technology C. both a and b D. none of a and b 7. This refers to the DNA molecule that can replicate independently. A. bacteriophage B. enzymes C. plasmid D. vector 8. It is a tool that helps in carrying and integrating the desired gene. A. bacteriophage B. enzymes C. plasmid D. vector 2 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 4 9. It is produced when two different nucleotides had been fused as one. A. DNA B. recombinant DNA C. restricted DNA D. vector DNA 10. All are tools in recombinant DNA technology except A. enzymes B. host organisms C. restriction enzymes D. vectors 11. All are ancient practices of genetic engineering except A. hybridization B. inbreeding C. recombinant technology D. selective breeding 12. Two individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both organisms. A. cloning B. hybridization C. inbreeding D. selective breeding 13. It is a process where genes are inserted into the genome of a different organism. A. cloning B. gel electrophoresis C. gene splicing D. selective breeding 14. Most commonly used host organism in recombinant DNA technology A. bacteriophage B. cells C. plasmids D. vectors For numbers 15-16, refer to the following choices below. A. Statement I is correct B. Statement II is correct. C. Statement I and II are both correct. D. Statement I and II are both incorrect. 15. I - Since ancient times the practice of genetic engineering had begun. II - Artificial selection is done to indirectly manipulate genes focusing on the physical traits among organisms. 16. I – Vectors help in recombinant DNA technology by carrying and integrating the desired gene usually plasmids and bacteriophage. II- Host organisms are used to propagate the recombinant DNA. 3 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 4  Lesson 1 Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism’s genes using biotechnology. It covers different kinds of technologies used to alter the genomes that includes the insertion of genes from other individual either the same or from different species that aims to produce or improve products. What’s In Activity 1: DNA, Genes, Proteins and Individual Trait Use the diagram and the grid below to answer the questions. DNA GENES PROTEINS TRAIT BENT FINGER 1. What are the roles of the DNA, genes and proteins in a given trait? 2. How would you relate the individual trait or characteristics to proteins, genes and DNA? 3. Would the manifestation of a trait be affected once the DNA nor the genes are altered? Why? Explain your answer. 4 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 4  RUBRICS Above Expectation Meets Below Expectation expectation ANALYSIS Response provided Response provided Response do not an in-depth an in-depth provide an in- analysis of the analysis of the depth analysis of question given. question given. the question Show an Show little given. Show an understanding of understanding of understanding of the lesson. the lesson. the lesson. Examples were Examples were Examples were given to explain the given to explain not given to concept. the concept. explain the concept. CLARITY The thoughts were The thoughts were The thoughts clearly expressed slightly expressed were unexpressed and the and the and there is no organization of the organization of the organization of words were words were the words in the exemplified. exemplified. sentence. WRITING SKILL Clear writing Clear writing with Unclear writing complete sentence, errors in grammar complete no errors in and spelling. sentence, all grammar and errors in spelling. grammar and spelling. What’s New Activity 2: Students are asked to answer the questions. 1. What do you think are the objectives of scientists in genetic engineering? 2. How are scientists able to realize their objectives in genetic engineering? 3. Can you cite the techniques in genetic engineering scientists utilize in creating outcomes? 5 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 4  What Is It Since ancient times the practice of genetic engineering had begun. Artificial selection is done to indirectly manipulate genes focusing on the physical traits among organisms. Breeders choose which organism to mate and produce offspring with desirable traits. They maintain this procedure without control of what genes can be passed. Selective breeding is a process when animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce offspring with those desired traits such as Angus cows are bred to increase more meat. Hybridizations are when two individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both organisms like the disease resistant potato called the Burbank potato. Inbreeding is a technique of breeding organisms that are genetically similar to maintain desired traits found in the pure dog breeds. As defined, genetic engineering is the process of changing the DNA in living organisms to create something new. It involves artificial manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid molecules to modify an organism or population of organisms. Recombinant DNA Technology Recombinant DNA is made by mixing DNA from two different sources. Restriction enzymes were discovered in 1968 by Swiss microbiologist Werner Arbe. This was used to splice, connect (or ligate), and remove or add nucleotides to sequences of the DNA. This process is used in recombinant DNA technology to remove and insert genetic sequences from and into other sequences of other organisms. Inserting the desired gene into the genome of the host involves the selection of the desired gene for administration into the host followed by a selection of the perfect vector (either plasmid or bacteriophage) with which the gene has to be integrated and a recombinant DNA is formed. The recombinant DNA has to be introduced into the host, maintained and carried forward to the offspring. Biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies practice these techniques in working with medical and research purpose. 6 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 4  What’s More Activity 3: Match me! Using the terms in the box, match the genetic techniques with their descriptions. Write your answer in separate sheet of paper. GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; GENE SPLICING CLONING; INBREEDING HYBRIDIZATION; SELECTIVE BREEDING ________________1. A science of changing the DNA in a living organism to create something new ________________2. Breeders choose which organism to mate to produce offspring with desired traits. ________________3. Animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce offspring with those desired traits. ________________4. Two individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both organisms. ________________5. Breeding of organisms that are genetically similar to maintain desired traits. ________________6. Creating an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another ________________7. DNA is cut out of one organism and put into another organism ________________8. A technique used to compare DNA from two or more organisms. What I Have Learned 1. Genetic engineering is the process of changing the DNA in living organisms to create something new. 2. Artificial selection is practiced to indirectly manipulate genes focusing on the physical traits among organisms. This include selective breeding, hybridization and inbreeding. 3. Genetic engineering is referred to various techniques used for the modification or manipulation of organisms through the processes of heredity and reproduction. 4. This includes cloning, gene splicing, gel electrophoresis and DNA recombinant technology. 5. Recombinant DNA technology use to remove and insert genetic sequences from and into other sequences of another organism. 6. The tools used in Recombinant DNA technology are restriction enzymes, vectors and host organisms. 7 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 4  What I Can Do Activity 4: Genetic Engineering Techniques Directions. Distinguish the techniques in genetic engineering as based from the situations and examples given. Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper. A. Artificial selection B. Selective breeding C. Hybridization D. Inbreeding E. Cloning F. Gene splicing G. Gel electrophoresis: analyzing DNA ____1. This is when animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce offspring with those desired traits. Dachshunds were once bred to hunt badgers and other burrowing animals. ____ 2. Creating an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. They will have the same exact DNA as the parent. ____3. DNA is cut out of one organism and put into another organism. A trait will be transferred from one organism to another. ____4. Luther Burbank created a disease resistant potato called the Burbank potato. He crossed a disease resistant plant with one that had a large food producing capacity. ____5. A technique used to compare DNA from two or more organisms. ____6. Breeding of organisms that are genetically similar to maintain desired traits. It keeps each breed unique from others. Activity 5: Genetic Engineering Techniques Directions. Voice out your perceptions on the following statements about the current technology in genetic engineering. Discuss whether you agree or not. Your answer must have an in-depth analysis of the statement with clear expression and no grammatical errors. Write your answers in your journal notebook. Choose two from the three techniques. 1. Monkeys have been Cloned, Paving the Way for Human Cloning 2. Bacteria as Living Microrobots to Fight Cancer 3. Two genetic regions (variants in both ABO blood group locus and cluster of genes in chromosome 3) Linked with Severe COVID-19 RUBRICS Above Expectation Meets Expectation Below expectation ANALYSIS Response provided an in- Response provided an Response do not provide depth analysis of the in-depth analysis of the an in-depth analysis of question given. Show an question given. Show the question given. understanding of the little understanding of Show an understanding lesson. Examples were the lesson. Examples of the lesson. Examples given to explain the were given to explain were not given to concept. the concept. explain the concept. CLARITY The thoughts were clearly The thoughts were The thoughts were expressed and the slightly expressed and unexpressed and there organization of the words the organization of the is no organization of the were exemplified. words were words in the sentence. exemplified. WRITING Clear writing complete Clear writing with Unclear writing SKILL sentence, no errors in errors in grammar and complete sentence, all grammar and spelling. spelling. errors in grammar and spelling. 8 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 4  Assessment Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. It is the process of manipulating genes in order to have the desired trait. A. artificial selection C. genetic engineering B. cloning D. gene splicing 2. It is the process of breeding an organism that are genetically similar to maintain desired traits. It keeps each breed unique from others. A. artificial selection C. inbreeding B. cloning D. selective breeding 2. It is a technique where the DNA is cut out of one organism and put into another organism. A trait will be transferred from one organism to another. A. artificial selection C. gene splicing B. cloning D. gel electrophoresis 3. It is a technique of creating an organism that is an exact genetic copy of the other organism. A. artificial selection C. gene splicing B. cloning D. gel electrophoresis 4. An applied science of manipulating the genetic material of an organism through artificial selection and biomedical techniques A. artificial selection C. genetic engineering B. cloning D. selective breeding 5. It is referred to the joining of almost any nucleotide sequences to create a new gene product or to introduce a new gene sequence. A. DNA Recombinant technology C. both a and b B. Recombinant DNA technology D. none of a and b 6. It is produced chiefly by certain bacteria and has the property of cleaving DNA molecules at or near a specific sequence of bases. A. bacteriophage enzymes C. restriction enzymes B. plasmid enzymes D. vector enzymes 7. Most common vector used in genetic engineering techniques A. bacteriophage and plasmid C. plasmid and DNA B. enzymes and plasmid D. restriction enzymes and DNA 8. All of these are performed to produce recombinant DNA except A. Removal of the genetic sequences of an organism. B. Selection of the perfect vector with which the gene has to be integrated C. Insertion of the genetic sequences into other sequences of another organism D. Selection of the perfect enzymes with which the gene has to be integrated 9. All of these are tools in recombinant DNA technology except A. enzymes C. restriction enzymes B. host organisms D. vectors 9 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 4  10. These are ancient practices of genetic engineering except A. hybridization C. recombinant technology B. inbreeding D. selective breeding 11. Two individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both organisms. A. artificial selection C. genetic engineering B. cloning D. hybridization 12. This is the most commonly used host organism in recombinant DNA technology. A. bacteria C. plasmid B. cells D. vectors For numbers 14-15, refer to the following choices below. A. Statement I is correct B. Statement II is correct. C. Statement I and II are both correct. D. Statement I and II are both incorrect. 14. I - Since ancient times, the practice of genetic engineering had begun. II - Artificial selection is done to directly manipulate genes focusing on the physical traits among organisms. 15. I – Enzymes help in recombinant DNA technology by carrying and integrating the desired gene. II - Host organisms are used to propagate the recombinant DNA. Additional Activities Activity 6: PROS and CONS A. Directions. Conduct a short interview with one or two of your family members. Ask them about how they think of the positive and negative effects of genetic engineering. List all their responses. Below is the rubric that will guide you on what to do in the activity. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. QUESTIONS RESPONSES 10 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 4 B. Make a list of pros and cons of genetic engineering by summarizing the interview done. Below is the rubric that will guide you on what to do in the activity. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. PROS CONS Rubrics 0 The student has not reached a standard described by any descriptors given below. 1 The student demonstrates minimal communication and collaboration in providing information, literacy, thinking and reflection. 2 The student demonstrates communication and collaboration in providing information, literacy, thinking and reflection. 3 The student demonstrates satisfactory communication and collaboration in providing information, literacy, thinking and reflection. 4 The student demonstrates well developed communication and collaboration in providing information, literacy, thinking and reflection. 11 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 4  Module 4 CO_Q2_ELS SHS 12 Assessment What’s More What I Know Activity 3 1. A -genetic engineering 1. C 2. C -artificial selection 2. D 3. C 3. B -selective breeding 4. B 4. D -hybridization 5. C 5. C -inbreeding 6. B 6. B 7. C -cloning 7. C 8. A -gene splicing 8. D 9. D -gel electrophoresis 9. B 10. C 10. C 11. C What I Can Do 11. C 12. D -B 12. B 13. A -E 13. C 14. A -F 14. A 15. B -C 15. C -G 16. C -D Answer Key References Basco-Tiamzon, M.E. Z, Avissar, Y.,Choi J.,Desaix, J., Jurukovski V., Wise, R., Rye, C. “General Biology 2 Senior High School Textbook” Published 2016 Vibal Group, Inc. Bayo-ang, R.B., Coronacion, M.L.G., Jorda, A.T., Restubog, A.J. “Earth and Life Science for Senior High School” Published 2016 Educational Resources Corporation Commission on Higher Educvation. Earth and Life Science for Senior High School. C.P. Garcia Ave., Diliman, Quezon City Philippines. Commission on Higher Education, 2016 13 CO_Q2_ELS SHS Module 4 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985 Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]