Earth and Life Science - Genetic Engineering Module PDF - 2nd Quarter, 2020

Earth and Life Science Quarter 2 – Module 24: Genetic Engineering Personal Development Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 24: Genetic Engineering First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Ph...

Earth and Life Science Quarter 2 – Module 24: Genetic Engineering Personal Development Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 24: Genetic Engineering First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Writers: Nerissa E, Manila Editors: Melanie I. Samudio Jocelyn M. Manset Reviewer: Jason Ricaforte, Elizabeth A. Soriano Princess Paolah L. De Guzman, Marissa C. Betchaida, Louie L. Alvarez Gregorio M. De Chavez, Jr, Jocelyn M. Manset, Mario B. Maramot, Elaine T. Balaogan Job S. Zape Jr. Illustrator: Ednelinda Robles Lovely Joy La Rosa, Charles Erick A. Jusay, Sandro Carlo B. Tablizo Layout Artist: Anselma M. Ebero, Elizalde L. Piol Jocelyn M. Manset, Julie Anne V. Vertudes Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral Job S. Zape Jr. Elaine T. Balaogan Merthel M. Evardome Nadine C. Celindro Nicolas M. Burgos Mario B. Maramot Fe M. Ong-ongowan Rosalinda A. Mendoza Printed in the Philippines by ________________________ Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro Cainta, Rizal 1800 Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487 E-mail Address: [email protected] Earth and Life Science Quarter 2 – Module 24: Genetic Engineering Introductory Message For the facilitator: Welcome to the (Earth and Life Science Grade 11) Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on (Genetic Engineering) ! This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling. This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and circumstances. In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the module: Notes to the Teacher This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners. As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module. ii For the learner: Welcome to the Mathematics 7 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on (Lesson 1: Genetic Engineering)! The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands! This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module. What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module. What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one. What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation. What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills. What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module. What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson. iii  What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns. Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency. Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts. Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module. At the end of this module you will also find: References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module. The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it! iv  What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the nature of Earth and Life Science. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. The module has one lesson:  Lesson 1 – Genetic Engineering After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. define genetic engineering; 2. describe the techniques in genetic engineering as based on the situation given; 3. appreciate the role of genetic engineering to human life. What I Know Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Organisms that have transferred DNA from other organisms are called A. genetically modified organisms C. both a and b B. transgenic organisms D. none of a and b 2. It is a process in which animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce offspring with those desired traits is called A. cloning C. inbreeding B. hybridization D. selective breeding 3. It is a process of creating an organism that has an exact genetic copy of another. A. artificial selection C. gene splicing B. cloning D. selective breeding 4. A technique in artificial selection that involves propagation of organisms with desired traits A. cloning C. inbreeding B. hybridization D. selective breeding 5. It is a process where a DNA is cut out from one organism and put into another organism. A. cloning C. gene splicing B. gel electrophoresis D. selective breeding 6. A recent technology used in genetic engineering is called A. DNA Recombinant technology C. both a and b B. Recombinant DNA technology D. none of a and b 7. A tool in genetic engineering where it cut and bind DNA nucleotides from two sources. A. bacteriophage C. plasmid B. enzymes D. vector 8. It is a tool that helps in carrying and integrating the desired gene. A. bacteriophage C. plasmid B. enzymes D. vector 9. It is produced when two different nucleotides had been fused as one. A. DNA C. restricted DNA B. recombinant DNA D. vector DNA 10. All are tools in recombinant DNA technology except A. enzymes C. restriction enzymes B. host organisms D. vectors 11. All are ancient practices of genetic engineering except A. hybridization C. recombinant technology B. inbreeding D. selective breeding 12. Two individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both organisms. A. cloning C. inbreeding B. Hybridization D. selective breeding 12. It is a process where a DNA is cut out from one organism and put into another organism. A. cloning C. gene splicing B. gel electrophoresis D. selective breeding 13. Most used host organism in recombinant DNA technology A. bacteria C. plasmids B. cells D. vectors For numbers 14-15, refer to the following choices below. A. Statement I is correct B. Statement II is correct. C. Statement I and II are both correct. D. Statement I and II are both incorrect. _________14. I - Since ancient time the practice of genetic engineering had begun. II - Artificial selection is done to indirectly manipulate genes focusing on the physical traits among organisms. _________15. I – Vectors help in Recombinant DNA technology by carrying and integrating the desired gene usually plasmids and bacteriophages. II - Host organism is used to propagate the recombinant DNA.  Lesson 1 Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organisms’ genes using biotechnology. It covers different kinds of technologies used to alter the genomes that includes the insertion of genes from other individual either the same or from different species that aims to produce or improve products. What’s In Activity 1 DNA, Genes, Proteins, Individual Trait Using the diagram below and the grid to answer the question below. DNA GENES PROTEINS TRAIT BENT FINGER 1. What are the roles of the DNA, genes and proteins in each trait? 2. How would you relate the individual trait or characteristics to proteins, genes and DNA? 3. Would the manifestation of a trait be affected once the DNA nor the genes are altered?  Notes to the Teacher This module will help you to understand the concepts about the process of genetic engineering. All parts are consist of activities. Be guided with the instruction on how you will answer each. Expectedly you will meet the target at the end of the module. What’s New “Genetics become my all consuming passion. I wanted to create the perfect species. One that does not just live on our planet but one that makes it better for future generations.” – Yasmina Haque_ Activity 2. Students are asked to answer the questions. 1. What do you think are the objectives of scientists in genetic engineering? 2. How are scientists able to realize their objectives in genetic engineering? 3. Can you cite the techniques in genetic engineering scientists utilize in creating outcomes? What is It Since ancient times the practice of genetic engineering had begun. Artificial selection is done to indirectly manipulate genes focusing on the physical traits among organisms. Breeders choose which organism to mate and produce offspring with desirable traits. They maintain this procedure without control of what genes can be passed. Selective breeding is a process when animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce offspring with those desired traits such as Angus cows are bred to increase more meat. Hybridizations are when two individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both organisms like the disease resistant potato called the Burbank potato. Inbreeding is a technique of breeding organisms that are genetically similar to maintain desired traits found in the pure dog breeds. As defined genetic engineering is the process of changing the DNA in living organisms to create something new. It involves artificial manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid molecules to modify an organism or population of organisms. Recombinant DNA Technology Recombinant DNA is made by mixing DNA from two different sources. Restriction enzymes was discovered in 1968 by Swiss microbiologist Werner Arbe. This was used to splice, connect (or ligate), and remove or add nucleotides to sequences of the DNA. This is process is used in recombinant DNA technology to remove and insert genetic sequences from and into other sequences of another organism. Inserting the desired gene into the genome of the host involves the selection of the desired gene for administration into the host followed by a selection of the perfect vector (either plasmid or bacteriophage) with which the gene has to be integrated, thus recombinant DNA is formed. The recombinant DNA has to be introduced into the host, maintained and carried forward to the offspring. Biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies practice this technique in working with medical and research purposes. What’s More Activity 3 Match me! Using the terms in the box, match the genetic techniques in their descriptions. Write your answer in the space given. GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; GENE SPLICING CLONING; INBREEDING HYBRIDIZATION; SELECTIVE BREEDING ARTIFICIAL SELECTION; GENETIC ENGINEERING ________________1. A science of changing the DNA in living organisms to create something new ________________2. Breeders choose which organism to mate to produce offspring with desired traits. ________________3. Animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce offspring with those desired traits. ________________4. Two individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both organisms. ________________5. Breeding of organism that genetically similar to maintain desired traits. ________________6. Creating an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another ________________7. DNA is cut out of one organism and put into another organism ________________8. A technique used to compare DNA from two or more organisms. What I Have Learned 1. Genetic engineering is the processes of changing the DNA in living organisms to create something new. 2. Artificial selection is practiced to indirectly manipulate genes focusing on the physical traits among organisms. This include selective breeding, hybridization and inbreeding. 3. Genetic engineering is referred to various techniques used for the modification or manipulation of organisms through the processes of heredity and reproduction. 4. This includes cloning, gene splicing, gel electrophoresis and DNA recombinant technology. 5. Recombinant DNA technology use to remove and insert genetic sequences from and into other sequences of other organism. 6. The tools used in Recombinant DNA technology are restriction enzymes, vectors and host organisms. What I Can Do Activity 4 Genetic Engineering Techniques Directions. Distinguish the techniques in genetic engineering as based on the situation and examples given. Write the letter of the choices. A. Artificial selection B. Selective breeding C. Hybridization D. Inbreeding E. Cloning F. Gene splicing G. Gel electrophoresis: analyzing DNA ____1. When animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce offspring with those desired traits. Dachshund were once bred to hunt badgers and other burrowing animals. ____ 2. Creating an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. They will  have the same exact DNA as the parent. ____3. DNA is cut out of one organism and put into another organism. A trait will be transferred from one organism to another. ____4. Luther Burbank created a disease resistant potato called the Burbank potato. He crossed a disease resistant plant with one that had a large food producing capacity. ____5. A technique used to compare DNA from two or more organisms. ____6. Breeding of organism that genetically similar to maintain desired traits. It keeps each breed unique from others. Activity 5 Genetic Engineering Techniques Directions. Express your idea, whether you agree or disagree in the following statements about the current technology in genetic engineering. Write your answers in your journal notebook. Choose two from the three techniques. 1. Monkeys have been Cloned, Paving the way for Human Cloning __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Bacteria as Living Microrobots to Fight Cancer __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Two genetic regions (variants in both ABO blood group locus and cluster of genes in chromosome 3) Linked with Severe COVID-19 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Assessment Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. It is the process of manipulating genes in order to have the desired trait. A. artificial selection C. gene splicing B. cloning D. selective breeding 2. It is the process of breeding an organism that are genetically similar to maintain desired traits. It keeps each breed unique from others. A. artificial selection C. inbreeding B. cloning D. selective breeding 3. It is a technique where the DNA is cut out of one organism and put into another organism. A trait will be transferred from one organism to another. A. artificial selection C. genesplicing B. cloning D. gel electrophoresis 4. It is a technique of creating an organism that is an exact genetic copy of the other organism. A. artificial selection C. gene splicing B. cloning D. gel electrophoresis 5. An applied science of manipulating the genetic material of an organism through artificial selection and biomedical techniques A. artificial selection C. genetic engineering B. cloning D. selective breeding 6. It is referred to the joining of almost any nucleotide sequences to create a new gene product or to introduce a new gene sequence. A. DNA Recombinant technology C. both a and b B. Recombinant DNA technology D. none of a and b 7. It is produced chiefly by certain bacteria and has the property of cleaving DNA molecules at or near a specific sequence of bases. A. bacteriophage enzymes C. restriction enzymes B. plasmid enzymes D. vector enzymes 8. Most common vector used in genetic engineering techniques A. bacteriophage and plasmid C. plasmid and DNA B. enzymes and plasmid D. restriction enzymes and DNA 9. Which is not performed to produce recombinant DNA? A. Insertion of the genetic sequences into other sequences of another organism. B. Removal of the genetic sequences of an organism. C. Selection of the perfect vector with which the gene must be integrated D. Selection of the perfect enzymes with which the gene must be integrated. 10. Which is not a tool in recombinant DNA technology? A. enzymes C. restriction enzymes B. host organisms D. vectors 11. Which is not an ancient practice of genetic engineering? A. hybridization C. recombinant technology B. inbreeding D. selective breeding 12. Two individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both organisms. A. artificial selection C. genetic engineering B. cloning D. hybridization 13. In recombinant DNA technology which is most used as a host organism? A. bacteria C. plasmid B. cells D. vectors For numbers 14-15, refer to the following choices below. A. Statement I is correct B. Statement II is correct. C. Statement I and II are both correct. D. Statement I and II are both incorrect. _________14. I - Since ancient time the practice of genetic engineering had begun. II - Artificial selection is done to directly manipulate genes focusing on the physical traits among organisms. _________15. I – Enzymes help in Recombinant DNA technology by carrying and integrating the desired gene usually plasmids and bacteriophages. II - Host organism are used to propagate the recombinant DNA. Additional Activities Activity 6 PROS and CONS A. Directions. Conduct a short interview with one or two of your family members. Ask them about how they think the positive and negative effects of genetic engineering. List all their responses. QUESTIONS RESPONSES B. Make a list of pros and cons of genetic engineering summarizing the interview done. Fill up the table below. PROS CONS            What’s More Assessment Activity 3 What I Know 1. genetic engineering 1.C 1.C 2. artificial selection 2.C 2.D 3. selective breeding 3.B 3.C 4. hybridization 4.B 4.D 5. inbreeding 5.C 5.C 6. cloning 6.B 6.B 7. gene splicing 7.B 7.C 8. gel electrophoresis 8.A 8.D What can I do 9.B 9.D 10.C 1. B 10.C 11.C 2. E 11.C 12.D 3. F 12.B 13.A 4. C. 13.A 14.A 5. G 14.C 15.B 6. D 15.C Answer Key References Basco-Tiamzon, M.E. Z, Avissar, Y.,Choi J.,Desaix, J., Jurukovski V., Wise, R., Rye, C. “General Biology 2 Senior High School Textbook” Published 2016 Vibal Group, Inc. Bayo-ang, R.B., Coronacion, M.L.G., Jorda, A.T., Restubog, A.J. “Earth and Life Science for Senior High School” Published 2016 Educational Resources Corporation Commission on Higher Educvation. Earth and Life Science for Senior High School. C.P. Garcia Ave., Diliman, Quezon City Philippines. Commission on Higher Education, 2016 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985 Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]