DRRR Earthquake Hazards PDF

**DRRR** --- **EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS** --- **Earthquake** - is a feeble shaking to violent trembling of the ground produced by the sudden displacement of rocks. **2 Types of Earthquake:** - - **Fault** - fracture and fissure zone of weakness where movement or displacement has occurred or may...

**DRRR** --- **EARTHQUAKE HAZARDS** --- **Earthquake** - is a feeble shaking to violent trembling of the ground produced by the sudden displacement of rocks. **2 Types of Earthquake:** - - **Fault** - fracture and fissure zone of weakness where movement or displacement has occurred or may occur again. - **Types of Faults:** - - - **Seismic Waves** - waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion. - - - - **2 ways to measure the strength of an earthquake:** - - **Intensity Scale:** - - - - - - - - - - **Earthquake-related hazards:** - - **Note**: not all cracks on the ground that people see after an earthquake are faults, some may just be surficial cracks because of ground failure - - **3 factors required for liquefaction:** - - - **Types of Liquefaction:** - - - - - **2 Types of Tsunami:** - - **Agencies that monitors tsunami:** - - **Causes of Tsunami:** - - - **Hazard Map SDC and Map Color:** - - - - - - - **Note: MMI** - Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale **--- GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS ---** **Landslide** - variety of processes that result in the downward and outward movement of materials like rock, soil, and debris. **Occurence of landslide could be because of:** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. **Categories of Landslide:** - - **Types of Landslides:** - - - - **2 Types of Slides:** - - - - - **Factors affecting the occurrence of landslides:** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Sinkhole** - depression or openings in the ground surface that are generally formed as a result of collapse in the ceiling of an underground cavern. **Note:** Sinkholes form when water dissolves the underground rock, usually limestone. This creates a cavity that can collapse, forming a hole on the surface. **Types of Sinkhole:** - - - - **--- VOLCANIC HAZARDS ---** **Volcanic Eruption** - begins deep within the earth, where intense heat and pressure cause rock to melt, forming magma. - - - **Note:** Flows are more **concentrated** and surges are more **diluted**. - - - - - - **Note:** A **lava dome** is like a big, slow pimple on a volcano. The lava is too thick to flow, so it piles up around the vent, making a round, hilly shape. **Parameter used to observe a volcanic activity:** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Alert Levels:** - - - - - - **--- HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS ---** **Hydrometeorology** - the study of atmospheric and terrestrial phases of the hydrological cycle with emphasis on the interrelationship between them. **Factors affecting the climate:** - - - - - - **General cloud type that can predict weather:** **Clouds** - visible aggregate of small water droplets and ice particles in the atmosphere above earth's surface **Low Clouds** - with height of less than **2 km** - - - - **Mid Clouds** - with height in between **2 km** and **7 km** - - - **High Clouds** - with height greater than **7 km** - - - **Potential Hydrometeorological Hazard:** - - - - - -