Disaster Readiness & Risk Reduction PDF

DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION made by danyela & ariadne ganda 2ND QUARTER | 2024 1 OTHER GEOLOGIC HAZARDS VULNERABLE AREAS FOR SINKHOLE The Department of Environ...

DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION made by danyela & ariadne ganda 2ND QUARTER | 2024 1 OTHER GEOLOGIC HAZARDS VULNERABLE AREAS FOR SINKHOLE The Department of Environment and Natural SINKHOLES Resources (DENR) Bureau of Mines and Geosciences have identified areas in the Philippines with sinkholes or has a possibility Other terms: depression, cavity, void, for sinkhole formation particularly in the hollow space, subversive void southern part of the country. Caused by water erosion ➔ Cebu Island was identified to be SOIL: approximately 60% to 70% composed of ↪ Upper layers: sand, clay limestone mainly Barangay Talamban ↪ Bedrock: limestone, dolomite and Cabancalan. Caused by human activities ➔ Seven barangays in Bohol namely ○ Groundwater extraction Poblacion 3, Mansasa, Gogon, Bool, ○ Construction Cabawan, Tiptip, and Dao have sinkhole ○ Mining pockets. So far, there appears no immediate threat for the National Carbonated rocks Capital region for such phenomena. ➔ carbonate: CO₃ ↪ limestone ➔ Baguio City is reasonably exposed to ↪ dolomite sinkhole formation. The city has at least ↪ salt 7 recognized faults and the area is ↪ gypsum susceptible to landslides. Landslides are ➔ If rocks are composed of produced by earthquakes or incessant carbonate, it is prone to sinkholes. heavy rainfall, which also predisposes the area to sinkhole development and ➔ Acid rain: if reacted w/ carbonated eventually cause massive destruction. rocks, it can cause dissolution For the record, Baguio has one of the (chemical reaction) highest average precipitation in the country and is at risk to Sinkholes in the Philippines hydrometeorological hazards as it is visited by a minimum of five cyclones in A sinkhole is described as a naturally a three-year period making the city occurring depression or hole on the vulnerable to landslides and sinkholes. earth's exterior landscape as a result of chemical disbanding of carbonated rocks and karst progressions. WAYS TO DETERMINE AREAS PRONE TO SINKHOLE It usually occurs in areas where large deposits of lime stones, carbonate rocks, and salt beds are seen together with ➔ Core Drilling & Ground-Penetrating circulating ground water. As a rock Radar are ways to determine areas gradually liquefies, hollow spaces expand prone to sinkhole formation. beneath the ground surface. A subversive ➔ Local government units must be vigilant void develops in areas with lime stones or to conduct measures to identify if their places that are soluble to rainwater. If locale and adjacent areas are subject to water saturates into lime stones, a void any geological hazards such as slowly develops and progressively sucks sinkholes. in the topsoil. In time, the surface ground gives way. If these grounds were used for infrastructure development, there exist a great danger for both loss of property and human life. Disaster Readiness and RIsk Reduction Page 1  DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION made by danyela & ariadne ganda 2ND QUARTER | 2024 2 HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS TYPHOON IN THE PHILIPPINES The Philippines experienced "bagyo" TYPHOON 12-20 times annually. This tropical cyclone is described as an intense weather condition over tropical seas A typhoon is described as a "tumultuous and oceans. It is usually accompanied by storm" due to its large storm system strong winds, heavy rains and large that moves in spiral or circular motion ocean waves. Its wind circulation producing violent winds within hundreds revolves to the right of the Southern of kilometers or miles in diameter. Hemisphere (clockwise) and to the left in ↪ typhoon - caused by warm, the Northern Hemisphere moist air (counterclockwise). ↪ coriolis effect - caused by the PAGASA (Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical earth's rotation, responsible for air & Astronomical Services Administration) being pulled to the right (counter clockwise) in the Northern Hemisphere ↪ Country's premier agency for and to the left (clockwise) in the meteorological and hydrological hazards. Southern Hemisphere. ↪ Dependently named tropical Usually the wind moves around a region cyclones entering Philippine Area of of low atmospheric pressure. Responsibility (PAR) since 1963. Meteorologists also illustrate typhoons ↪ Following the American tradition of as a mature tropical cyclone that naming typhoons in alphabetical order, develops in the western part of South PAGASA had traditionally utilized female Pacific Ocean known as the names ending in "ng" until early 2000 Northwestern Pacific Basin. when they started using male's names. Almost one third of the world's yearly tropical cyclones originate in this basin CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL CYCLONES: making it the most active tropical Tropical Cyclones are classified based on their cyclone basin on Earth. strength and are clustered based on maximum ★ Hurricane - A virulent storm originating sustained winds near the center.: from the Atlantic Ocean and Eastern Pacific.. ≤ 61 kph Tropical Depression ★ Tropical Cyclones - Originates in the 62 to 88 kph Tropical Storm Indian Ocean. 89 to 117 kph Severe Tropical Storm TERM USED FOR TYPHOON AROUND THE WORLD 118 to 220 kph Typhoon ★ Tipon - violent storm (1550) ★ Whirlwind (Greek) - based from a > 220 kph Super Typhoon character personified as a giant, father of the winds ★ Cyclone - first recorded during a voyage TYPHOON CONFIGURATION of Caesar Frederick to the East Indies ★ Tai fung (Chinese) - great wind ★ Toofan ( Indian) - big storm Eye of the Typhoon ★ Tufan (Arabic Persian & Hindi) - big ↪ center part which has the lowest cyclonic storm Pressure (calmest part) ★ Bagyo (Philippines) ↪ there is definite stillness of light wind ★ Willie-WIllie (Australia) ★ Tornado (South America) about 20 kph ★ Tropical Cyclone - strong winds coming from ↪ partly cloudy clear sky alternating Southeast and Southwest Indian Ocean and with thin clouds of 30 km average Southwest Pacific Ocean. diameter. ★ Typhoon - Northwest Pacific Ocean ★ Hurricane - South Pacific Ocean and North Atlantic Ocean ★ Severe Cyclonic Storm - North Indian Ocean Disaster Readiness and RIsk Reduction Page 2  DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION made by danyela & ariadne ganda 2ND QUARTER | 2024 Eyewall ↪ arrange band of clouds in the eye of a storm ↪ area with most turbulent winds, an average of 8 to 40 km and strongest precipitate ↪ typhoon force wind: > 118 kph Inner rainbands ↪ organized winds that move inwardly or spirally towards the center ↪ sustain cloud & winds in the eyewall ↪ generates an occasional precipitate with winds up to 63 to 117 kph and heavy squalls occur every hour ↪ 90% sky coverage MEASURES THAT CAN BE TAKEN Outer Rainbands BEFORE A TYPHOON: ↪ dispersed outer spiral winds that moves inwardly 1. it is vital to constantly keep yourself updated with ↪ placid to judicious rainfall with winds the up-to-the-minute weather reports. Being up to 62 kph and heavy squalls every abreast with the latest weather bulletins and 3-6 hours official government announcements and warnings are paramount to prepare yourself and your ↪ sunlight is still evident with at least family for the typhoon. 50% cloud coverage 2. Stay connected with family member. Prior to any weather disturbance make an emergency plan with your family. Decide a pre-destined meeting place. Charge all modes of communication. 3. Clean and unclogged all drainage system of your house. Check your roofings, windows, doors and ceilings of any holes or dents. Trim or cut trees. 4. Prepared ample amount of imperishable no cook food and bottled water. 5. Transfer all your furniture, appliances and other stuff not viable to come in contact with water to an elevated portion of your house. 6. If your local official advised to evacuate, do so. Do not wait for any untoward incident to happen before leaving. Your mantra should be "better safe than sorry." 7. Your emergency kit should be ready at all times. It must contain first-aid supplies, life vest, transistor radio, flashlight, candles, match, toiletries, alcohol and clean clothes. 8. Secure all important family documents by wrapping in with plastic and include it in you go bag. 9. Use water-proof shoes to prevent fungal infection. 10. Farmer should harvest crops days before the weather disturbance. Fishermen should refrain from fishing and must secure their boats at bay. Disaster Readiness and RIsk Reduction Page 3  DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION made by danyela & ariadne ganda 2ND QUARTER | 2024 MEASURES THAT CAN BE TAKEN TYPHOON HAZARDS DURING A TYPHOON: The following are common hazards associated with typhoons: 1. Stay inside your house. Postpone any schedule of travels. 2. Be aware of areas vulnerable to floods and 1. Coastal Flooding and Storm Surge landslides. Stay away from these area as much as 2. Strong/High Winds possible. 3. Heavy Rainfall & inland Flooding 3. Keep updated with the latest news through your 4. Mudslides, Landslides, or Mudflows television, radio and internet. 4. Avoid drinking from sources exposed to flood water. Boil water for atleast 20 minutes. 5. In case of power interruption, place all lighted THUNDERSTORM candies and lamps away from curtains and flammable materials. 6. Shut down the main source of electricity if flood water is rising. Secure your electronic gadgets and A type of storm illustrated by the appliances in high grounds. occurrence of lightning and its acoustic 7. Do not stride in flood water to avoid having effect on the Earth's atmosphere is water-borne diseases. Use protective clothing like known as thunderstorm. It is also known raincoats or plastic boots. as lightning storm, electrical storm and 8. If advice to evacuate, do so promptly. Do not thundershowers. wait for the situation to worsen. Secure your It is typically exemplified with heavy house for any burglar. 9. People living in areas vulnerable to storm surge rains accompanied with thunder. Given should evacuate in high grounds ahead of time. that thunder is a result of lightning, all Ask local officials for the nearest evacuation area. thunderstorms have lightning. Thunderstorms happen commonly with the cumulonimbus clouds generating gusty winds, heavy rains and MEASURES THAT CAN BE TAKEN occasionally hail. The archetypal AFTER A TYPHOON: thunderstorm is 15 miles in diameter and last for about 30 minutes. 1. Keep abreast with the latest weather update through radio, television or internet. 3 STAGES OF THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT 2. If your house is heavily damaged, stay in the evacuation center until advice to go home or have Cumulus Stage - when the sun warms your house inspect by city engineers. 3. Do not use wet electrical outlet. Ask an the earth's exterior, the ground heats electrician to inspect all electrical outlet before the air above it. The warm air increases using it again. All wet appliances must be disposed. and water vapor concentrates to a 4. Never exposed open wounds to flood water. towering cumulus clouds which could Water-borne diseases like Leptospirosis are ascend a height of 8-10 km. rampant during this season. Maturing Stage - it is where clouds can 5. Boil water at least 20 minutes before drinking it. generate heavy rains, relentless 6. Old tires, cans and pots must be clean thoroughly or disposed. These could be breeding lightning, strong and gusty winds, hail ground for mosquitoes. and sometimes tornadoes. It is at this 7. Be cautious for harmful animals like snakes that stage where thunderstorm is at its may have entered your house. strongest. 8. Report broken electrical cables and plummeted Dissipating Stage - when precipitation electrical post to utility services. decreases its intensity and clouds begin 9. Do not hinder emergency and rescue operations. to dissipate. Some thunderstorm produces a burst of strong winds and lightning lingers risk during this stage. Disaster Readiness and RIsk Reduction Page 4  DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION made by danyela & ariadne ganda 2ND QUARTER | 2024 SIGNS OF IMPENDING THUNDERSTORM A flood is a transitory pour out of a normally waterless area due to spill over 1. Towering cumulus clouds 2. Shadows of dark skies of a body of water, remarkable build up, 3. Sparks of lightning, and gusty winds run off of surface waters or atypical 4. Roar of thunder, and erosion or destabilization of shoreline. 5. Static on you communication gadget Floods can also be overflow of mud flow caused by buildup of water THUNDERSTORM HAZARDS underground. 1.Lightning TWO MAJOR CATEGORIES OF BASED ON ITS 2.Heavyrains/precipitation CAUSES 3.Flash Flood 4.Tornadoes/waterspouts 5.Hail I. Natural Causes a. Heavy and extended rainfall - Hydrometeorological disturbances such as tropical cyclones, low pressure areas, intertropical convergence zone, cold fronts and monsoons could lead to heavy floodings. b. Storm Surge - it can generate elevation of ocean level to ground height to several feet and flood nearby low-lying coastal communities. c. High Tide - that coincides with high stream flows can aggravate flooding near the coast. II. Man-Made Causes a. Infrastructure and coastal development - It increases the resistance of ground surfaces due to concrete roads and loss its ability to FLOOD & FLASHFLOOD soak up flood waters and may result to flash flooding. b. Haphazard dumping of garbage - It What is flood? causes blockage of waterways. c. Blasting - generates landslides in the The Philippines as an archipelago, is slopes of hills and mountains and may result surrounded with abundant body of in unintended damming of rivers and water such as oceans, rivers, lakes and streams. streams. d. Informal settlers - intrusion of waterways Flood, a perennial problem of Filipinos can hinder the normal flow of floodwater. due to frequent monsoon rains, e. Deforestation - decreases the permeation cyclones, thunderstorms, ITCZ, etc. capacity and speed of the flood flows. These hydro meteorological hazards are f. Failure of levees and dams - can produce capable of generating large amount of the worst flood events by releasing large precipitation that pour to the heavily quantities of water. clogged sewerage systems of the metropolis causing the unnecessary CLASSIFICATION OF FLOOD ACCORDING TO water surplus. MAGNITUDE AND DEPTH OF DAMAGE: Flood basically means an overflowing of water from streams and other bodies of 1. Minor Flooding - flooding that may or may water or an accumulation of rainwater not be caused by overbanking. It could be in low-lying areas. simply due to build up of unwarranted surface overflow water in flat low-lying areas. Flood water is usually confined along Disaster Readiness and RIsk Reduction Page 5  DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION made by danyela & ariadne ganda 2ND QUARTER | 2024 river beds and low-lying areas of the metropolis. STORM SURGE 2. Major Flooding - is a result of overflowing rivers and lakes, serious damage from major During a tropical cyclone it is common water reservoir likes dams, dikes or levees; for ocean waves to be pushed towards Flood waters affects many neighborhood the shore by the force of the wind and and stretch rapidly to adjacent shoreline of the intense pressure of a heavy comparatively lower elevation. There is a downpour. persistent water current in some areas This is occurrence is known as "storm particularly seem in deep flooding. surge" or "daluyong ng bagyo" in the vernacular. What is a flashflood? Meteorologist defined storm surge as an Normally floods take about 12 to 24 hours or unusual ascend of water during a longer to develop after an intense downpour. typhoon, over and above the calculated But there is a particular type which develops high wave. in less than six hours commonly termed as Storm tide, on the other hand, is the "flash floods". elevation of water level during a Flash floods build up in areas with steep typhoon caused by both high tide and slopes of rivers. storm surge. Its rapid development is mainly caused by It is calculated in terms of the height of remarkably limited time for drainage storm surge and high tide. A 15 feet catchment. storm surge above a 2 feet high tide generates a 17 feet storm tide above EFFECTS OF FLOODING sea level. unwarranted destructions of road and rail network and bridges, buildings and other economic infrastructure slaughter of agricultural crops and livestock, failure of productivity in industry, commerce and trade incalculable loss of human lives socioeconomic problems of forced human displacement and the emotional impact on those affected by floods epidemic of Gastro-intestinal diseases frequently breaks out Storm surge is a direct result of strong respiratory ailments due to exposure winds during a tropical storm or hurricane. Coastal Flooding is a direct result of MEASURES THAT CAN BE TAKEN TO storm surge beside quarters with MITIGATE FLOODS: shallow shorelines or beach-front areas. Last 2012, Typhoon Pedring hit the 1. Help in reforestation measures of the metropolis flooding the areas along government. Roxas Boulevard in Manila, destroying 2. Report illegal loggers and people participating the sea walls and structures along in "kaingin" 3.Informed local officials of unauthorized Manila Bay. constructions of fish ponds. Storm surges can set off flooding 4.Practice proper garbage disposal. coastal areas 3 to 6 hours prior to 5.Support clean up drives of rivers, esteros and landfall. On high-speed moving watersheds. typhoons storm surge can occur 6.Participate in the flood mitigation efforts of the extremely fast. local government. A Super Typhoon can spawn storm 7. Make your drainage free from trash. surge elevation of more than 20 feet above sea level. Disaster Readiness and RIsk Reduction Page 6  DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION made by danyela & ariadne ganda 2ND QUARTER | 2024 FACTORS THAT CAUSES STORM SURGE: LA NIÑA Wind/ Pressure Effect - Winds is directly On the other hand, La Nina, Spanish proportional to storm surge and term for "Little Girl" is a phenomenon inversely proportional to atmospheric linked to a change in atmospheric pressure. The stronger the winds of a pressure known as Southern Oscillation. typhoon and the higher the peak of Recognized as "El Viejo" (Old Man) in storm surge and the lower the some Spanish speaking countries, this atmospheric pressure. event is typified by bizarrely freezing Rain Fall Effect - Heavy precipitation ocean temperatures increasing rainfall caused by typhoons increases the total over the western half of Pacific Ocean. surge height near the coast. La Nina brings unseasonal heavy rains Tidal Effect - If the storm surge and intensifies other coincides with the occurrence of hydrometeorological hazards. astronomical tide, surge height will be higher. Shape of the Coastline - The gentler is the slope, the higher is the surge in the coastal areas. EL NIÑO AND LA NIÑA EL NIÑO El Nino Phenomenon is the extreme warming of sea surface that develops in the Pacific Ocean that usually causes heavy rains in some parts of the world and drought in other parts. El Nino, a Spanish term meaning "Little Child" or "Boy Child" was previously considered a local event along the coast of South American countries. It was the term used by Peruvian fishermen in describing the warm ocean current flowing along its coast around Christmas season. It occurs in the Pacific bowl every 2 to 9 years. In general, the weather phenomenon brings drought in the country. ILL EFFECTS OF EL NIÑO degradation of soil, fire, water shortage food shortage power interruption unemployment migration to urban communities different health concerns Disaster Readiness and RIsk Reduction Page 7  DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION made by danyela & ariadne ganda 2ND QUARTER | 2024 3 FIRE HAZARDS FIRE HAZARD Fuel, oxygen, and heat are weaved as WHAT IS FIRE? the "fire triangle." The last essential element that will bring forth the fire is chemical reaction. Once all these are Fire is defined as the brisk disintegration present, it is impossible to extinguish any of a substance through the heat releasing burning object. process of combustion. At a specific point in the combustion reaction, called the The major role of a fire extinguisher is to kindling point or ignition temperature, put out any of the elements that flames are generated. constitutes the fire triangle. The most basic of which is to keep sources of fuel Flames are the observable segment of and ignition apart. the fire. It is made up of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor. The month of March kicks off If there is sufficient heat, the gases may summertime in the Philippines but since be converted into ions to create plasma, it's the hottest month of the year, it's which is the observable segment of the also when fire incidents are highest. fire. In order to propagate safety Depending on the materials being consciousness among our people, March burned and other substances present, was declared National Fire Prevention the appearance of the flame and the Month by virtue of Presidential fire's intensity varies. Proclamation No. 115-A signed in 1966 by President Ferdinand Marcos. According to the Bureau of Fire FIRE TRIANGLE Protection, over 2,000 fire incidents were recorded from January to February this year, compared to over 3,800 during the same period in 2014. According to the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP), from March1 to 16, a total of 633 fire incidents were recorded nationwide. This is lower by 271, or 30%, compared to the 904 recorded fires during the same period last year. ★ Oxygen - maintains ignition ★ Heat - elevates the object to its ignition temperature ★ Fuel - flammable object FIRE is the chemical, exothermic effect Disaster Readiness and RIsk Reduction Page 8  DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION made by danyela & ariadne ganda 2ND QUARTER | 2024 Prevention: Blow out candles before leaving the CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE room. Place them in candelabras. Keep children and pets away from candies. Never place it near CLASS A combustible materials. 5. Children Playing with Fire - Out of curiosity or CLASS B mischief, children cause fires. Kids playing with matches or lighters don't fully comprehend the CLASS C risks they are taking which is a cause for concern. Prevention: Never allow children to play with CLASS D matches or lighters in their room or any part of the house. Supervision is incredibly important as well as teaching your kids about fire safety. CLASS K 6. Flammable Liquids - There are many products left around the home that are highly fiammable such as gasoline and painting materials. Prevention: Never place flammable materials near sources of heat such as stoves. Keep them in ventilated areas and sealed containers. 7. Faulty Wiring - As houses age, the electrical wiring can become "wom out," leading to dangerous predicaments within the walls that homeowners cannot see. A clear warning sign is when a fuse blows or the circuit breaker trips frequently. Prevention: It is well worth the investment to have a certified electrician examine the house's electrical system. 8. Lighting - Never use wattage that is too high MEASURES THAT CAN BE DONE for the capacity of the lamps and light bulbs. TO PREVENT HOUSE FIRES Prevention: Monitor light fittings for heat upsurge. When buying lampshade make sure that it is sturdy and the light globes are not too close to the shade. 1. Cooking Equipment - Never leave your cooking unattended. Splatters of grease or overheated 9. Overnight charging - People should avoid pans and pots can cause fires. leaving devices to charge unattended, Prevention: Never leave your cooking unattended. especially overnight. Hearing about phones or Placed LPG tank outside or in a well- ventilated area. tablets exploding or bursting into flames isn't so Combustible kitchen materials must be stored in safe cabinets. uncommon. A battery may explode due to overcharging while you're sleeping and set fire to 2. Electrical Equipment - Overloading of your house. Prevention: Only use original batteries and chargers. electrical circuits is a major cause of fire. Be Universal batteries may not be appropriate for your knowledgeable with the wattage capacity of gadget's electrical capacity. Discharge batteries must each electrical circuit and fuse. be discarded properly. Prevention: Don't overuse an extension cord. Just because there is an open plug doesn't mean you can plug anything into it. Check your electrical appliances 10. Pets - You wouldn't believe how easy it is for a for loose or frayed cords/plugs. Lastly, don't run dog to get in trouble with fire. Dogs can climb up electrical wires under rugs or heavy furniture. and accidentally hit the stove knobs potentially making an extremely flammable situation or 3. Careless Smoking - The fourth leading cause puppies can chew on electrical cords which can of fire is smoking. People who smoke, especially electrocute them and consequently cause fire. in bed, tend to become drowsy or fall asleep and Prevention: When you're not home and when you're do not put out their cigarette correctly. not awake. Never allow house pets to chew electrical Prevention: Remind members of the family never use cords. This will also prevent them from urinating on cigarettes near beds or beddings. Ashtrays should electrical objects and starting a fire. Remove stove never be placed on or near combustible materials. knobs when you're not using the stove or invest in knob protectors to prevent stove top fires. 4. Open Flames - Never leave candles or kerosene lamps unattended. Never leave them open once power supply resumes. Disaster Readiness and RIsk Reduction Page 9  DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION made by danyela & ariadne ganda 2ND QUARTER | 2024 ➔ In case of fire DON'T PANIC. Your presence of MEASURES THAT CAN BE TAKEN DURING A FIRE: mind and calmness will save lives. Run out of the house as quickly as 1. Getting out quickly and safely is your only goal. possible. Do not try to "save" any objects, no matter how valuable. ➔ Being prepared is the imperative 2. Never use an elevator during a fire. Always take key in all crises, but is not at all the stairs. times associated with fire 3. Stay low to the ground. Cover your mouth and prevention. Nevertheless, in some nose with a cloth or your shirt to prevent breathing cases, as in fire protection, in smoke or dangerous fumes. 4. Do not open a door that feels hot or has smoke preparations can prevent fires and coming in from underneath or around the door can most definitely save lives in frame. cases where a fire risk is somehow 5. Meet at your safe place, away from the fire. overlooked. Knowing what to do in 6. Immediately inform the fire department or head case of a fire can also be to a neighbor's house to ask them to call. advantageous in cases where you are at work, at the mall, or in other buildings which may have defective fire prevention systems in place. MEASURES THAT CAN BE TAKEN AFTER A FIRE: 1. Be sure that all individuals who are injured-be if from burns, smoke inhalation, or injuries incurred MEASURES THAT CAN BE TAKEN BEFORE FIRE: while escaping - should be treated by a doctor. 2. Do not return to the building until given the okay 1. Install smoke detectors. Check them monthly. by the fire authorities. For minor fires, make sure Change the batteries yearly, whether they need it that there is no damage to the structure of the or not. home that could cause its collapse. 2. Develop an escape plan for different areas of 3. Throw out all food that was exposed to the fire the home, particularly focusing on escaping from and smoke. the bedroom areas. Each room should have two different ways of escape in case one is blocked by fire. Practice it regularly. 3.Select a secure meeting area. Make sure that Once the emergency alarm sounded: each member of the household knows where it is 1. Escape the building right away. and how to go there. 2. If smoke is present, keep low to the floor. 4. Practice setting off the smoke alarm at night 3. Avoid using the elevators. when everyone is asleep. Studies show that 4. Do not reenter the building until advised by children may not be able to hear the alarm. local authorities or the fire bureau. Practice other methods of awakening them, perhaps by bell or bullhorn. If flames are present: 5. Keep flashlights in each room. Keep at least one 1. Sound the alarm by pulling the closest fire fire escape ladder on upper levels. 6. Practice evacuating while blindfolded. Smoke alarm station. from house fires can be so thick that you will not 2. Evacuate immediately. be able to see. Practice staying low to the ground 3. Set off to the nearest phone and call the Fire while evacuating. Department. 7. Know simple fire rules, such as feeling a door before opening it to determine if it is safe. If it is If you suspect fire or sense other indication hot, find another way out. Remember to stop, drop, of fire: and roll if your clothing is burning. 1. Immediately call the Fire Department 2. Provide details of the fire. Give your name, location and landmarks. 3. Inform neighbors or adjacent building occupants for possible evacuation. 4. All fires must be reported no matter how small. 5. Execute the fire emergency plan of the building. Disaster Readiness and RIsk Reduction Page 10  DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION made by danyela & ariadne ganda 2ND QUARTER | 2024 ★ REMEMBER! Knowledge on the usage of fire extinguishers is a must. Keep in mind the acronym PASS: ✔P-ull ✔A-im ✔S-queeze ✔S-weep OZONE DISCO TRAGEDY ➔ Nightclub in Quezon CIty, Philippines ➔ March 18, 1996 KENTUCKY FIRE INCIDENT ➔ Kentex Manufacturing Factory at Valenzuela CIty, Philippines ➔ May 13, 2015 Disaster Readiness and RIsk Reduction Page 11  DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION made by danyela & ariadne ganda 2ND QUARTER | 2024 Strengthening and establishing 4 DISASTER RISK REDUCTION agencies,methods and aptitude AND MANAGEMENT for better hazard control. Inclusion of risk reduction Defined as measures taken to lessen the activities in emergency threat of disaster and the undesirable preparation, mitigation, rescue impact of natural hazards through methodical efforts to scrutinize and deal and rehabilitation programs. with it causes of disaster, including prevention of hazards,reduced communal and monetary vulnerability to hazards SENDAI FRAMEWORK FOR DISASTER and improved watchfulness for adverse RISK REDUCTION events (UNISDR, 2004) 10 years after the success of Hyogo HYOGO FRAMEWORK FOR ACTION Framework. 2015-2030 formulation of the new agenda for greater development disaster risk reduction. signed by 168 countries inKobe, Japan addresses problems on physical January 2005. condition and well-being commonly It seeks to present a foundation for associated with progress, changes in implementation of disaster risk reduction weather conditions and decreasing with a vision of significantly reducing hazards of disaster. losses in lives, societal, financial and It also highlights utilization of ecological resources during a disaster advancement of technology disaster risk reduction that hopefully will FIVE PRIORITY MEASURES extensively lower the unwanted Governance - Involvement of both consequences of a national and local government in FOUR PRIORITY MEASURES prioritizing disaster risk reduction Strengthening disaster risk implementation. responsiveness. Risk Identification - Detection, Identifying the role of authorities in Appraisal and Supervising threats handling disaster risk. of disasters and improving early Providing financial support for warning systems. disaster risk reduction measures. Knowledge - Utilization of Formulating disaster preparedness information, innovation and programs that focuses on carefully instruction in creating a way of life planned response, rescue that values safety and resilience. operations, rehabilitation and Decreasing the causative factors rebuilding. that jeopardize different areas of the society. PRINCIPLE FOR IMPLEMENTING DISASTER RISK REDUCTION BASED ON SENDAI FRAMEWORK Reinforce disaster vigilance for Primary responsibility of the state to effective response. thwart and ease disaster risk, including through cooperation. THREE STRATEGIC AGENDA OFTHE OF THE FRAMEWORK Formulation of policies that support disaster risk reduction. Disaster Readiness and RIsk Reduction Page 12  DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION made by danyela & ariadne ganda 2ND QUARTER | 2024 Shared responsibility between central IMPORTANCE OF DISASTER RISK government and national REDUCTION authorities, sectors and stakeholders Natural and man-made hazards as appropriate to national are comparable to a thief, it circumstances. strikes anytime, anywhere. People Protection of persons and their must not be caught off guard for assets while promoting and disasters not to occur. “Being protecting all human rights prepared is the best defense including the right to development. Full engagement of all state against disaster, ” Somers (2012). institutions of an executive and Importance Of Disaster Risk legislative nature at national and Reduction includes: local levels. Reduces the fear, anxiety Empowerment of local authorities and losses that and communities through accompany disasters. resources, incentives and Being aware of what to decision-making responsibilities as do when disaster occurs. appropriate. Reduces impact of Decision-making to be inclusive and disaster. risk-informed while using a Saves lives multi-hazard approach. Coherence of decreasing disaster risk and attaining advance strategy, plans, practices and methods across diverse sectors. Accounting of local and specific characteristics of disaster risks when determining measures to reduce risk. Addressing underlying risk factors cost-effectively through investment versus relying primarily on post-disaster response and recovery. Build back better for preventing the creation of and reducing existing disaster risk. The quality of global partnership and international cooperation tobe effective, meaningful and strong. Support from developed countries and partners to developing countries be tailored according to needs and priorities as identified by them. Disaster Readiness and RIsk Reduction Page 13  DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION made by danyela & ariadne ganda 2ND QUARTER | 2024 It is the policy of the State to afford 5 THE STATE AND ITS full protection and advancement of CITIZENS DISASTER the right of the people to a healthful ecology accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature. In this light, the State has adopted the Philippine Agenda 21 framework which LAWS AND PROGRAMS FOR DISASTER espouses sustainable development, to fulfill human needs while maintaining the quality of the natural The Philippines in recent years have environment for current and future experienced calamities of unprecedented generations. strength in terms of the enormity of Approved by President Gloria affected people, livelihood damage and Macapagal-ArroyoonOctober 23, lives lost. This necessitates the Congress 2009. to highlight the country’s quest for mitigating the effects of disaster, thus the ★ Republic Act No. 10174 (People’s creation of the following laws and Survival Fund Act) programs An act establishing the people's survival fund to provide long term ★ Republic Act No.10121 (The Philippine finance streams to enable the Disaster Risk Reduction and government to effectively address Management Act of 2010) the problem of climate change, An act strengthening the Philippine amending for the purpose republic Disaster RiskReductionand act no. 9729, otherwise known as the Management system, providing for "climate change act of 2009″, and for the national disaster risk reduction other purposes and management framework and Approved by President Benigno institutionalizing the national disaster Aquino III on August 16, 2012 risk reduction and management plan, appropriating funds therefore and ★ Republic Act No. 9514 (Revised Fire for other purposes. Code of the Philippines of 2008) Uphold the people's constitutional An act establishing a comprehensive rights to life and property by of the Philippines , repealing addressing the root causes of presidential decree no. 1185 and for vulnerabilities to disasters other purposes ,strengthening the country's It is the policy of the State to ensure institutional capacity for disaster risk public safety and promote economic reduction and management and development through the prevention building the resilience of local and suppression of all kinds of communities to disasters including destructive fires and promote the climate change impacts. professionalization of the fire service Approved by President Gloria as a profession. Towards this end, the Macapagal-Arroyo on May 27, 2010 State shall enforce all laws, rules and regulations to ensure adherence to ★ Republic Act No. 9729 (Climate standard fire prevention safety Change Act of 2009) measures, and promote An act mainstreaming climate accountability for fire safety in fire change in government policy protection service and prevention formulations, establishing the service. framework strategy and program on Approved by President Gloria climate change, creating for this Macapagal-Arroyo on December 19, purpose the climate change 2008. commission, and for other purposes Disaster Readiness and RIsk Reduction Page 14  DISASTER READINESS & RISK REDUCTION made by danyela & ariadne ganda 2ND QUARTER | 2024 ★ Project NOAH (Nationwide complemented with the ninth Operational Assessment Of Hazards) component which is ◦ Project NOAH is the Philippines' (9) Strategic Communication, utilizing primary disaster risk reduction and IEC (Information, Education and management program. It was initially Communication) activities. administered by the Department of Science and Technology from 2012 to ★ Project DINA (Disaster Information 2017, but is now managed by the For Nationwide Awareness Project) University of the Philippines. The Philippines, one of the signatory Project NOAH was a response to countries in Hyogo Framework of President BenignoAquionIII's call on a Action (HFA), has been constantly better disaster prevention and seeking for innovative means to mitigation system in the Philippines in educate the general populace in the aftermath of the destructive response to FAs Priority Action 3: Use Tropical Storm Sendong in December knowledge, innovation and education 2011 to build a culture of safety and (1) Distribution of Hydro met devices resilience at all levels. to typhoon and flood prone areas Project DINA paves the way for the the country; public exposure and access of (2) Disaster Risk Exposure disaster risk reduction and Assessment for Mitigation –Light management (DRRM) information Detection and Ranging materials. (DREAM-LIDAR) Project - an accurate The Project showcases a number of 3D presentation of flood and hazard audio–visual presentations (AVPs) maps; which discuss DRRM topics, enabling (3) Geohazards mapping through the public to undergo online LIDAR, aims to identify areas prone DRRM–related instruction. Through to landslide; this system, the public can gain (4) Coastal Hazards and Storm Surge disaster preparedness knowledge Assessment and Mitigation what to do before, during and after (CHASSAM), detects coastal the following hazards: circulation, wave surge and Earthquakes refraction that helps determine and Tsunami resolve coastal erosion; Tropical Cyclones (5) FloodNET Project, a flood center Landslides that provides accurate and updated Floods flood warning system; Volcanic Eruptions (6) LaDDeRS ( Local Development of Fires Doppler Radar System), targets to create Doppler radar able to detect sea surface parameters like wave, surface current velocity and wind field; (7) Landslide Sensors Development, aims to generate a sensor-based monitoring and warning system for slope failures, landslides and debris flow; (8) WHIP (Weather Hazard Information Project), utilization of webportal (http://noah.dost.gov.ph) and DOSTv , which provide real-time satellite, Doppler Radar Etc. to inform the public to prepare against calamities. These activities are Disaster Readiness and RIsk Reduction Page 15  Inclusion of risk reduction activities in emergency 4 DISASTER RISK REDUCTION preparation, mitigation, rescue AND MANAGEMENT and rehabilitation programs. Defined as measures taken to lessen the threat of disaster and the undesirable impact of natural hazards through methodical efforts to scrutinize and deal with it causes of disaster, including prevention of hazards,reduced communal SENDAI FRAMEWORK FOR DISASTER and monetary vulnerability to hazards and improved watchfulness for adverse RISK REDUCTION events (UNISDR, 2004) 10 years after the success of Hyogo Framework. 2015-2030 formulation of HYOGO FRAMEWORK FOR ACTION the new agenda for greater development disaster risk reduction. signed by 168 countries inKobe, Japan addresses problems on physical January 2005. condition and well-being commonly It seeks to present a foundation for associated with progress, changes in implementation of disaster risk reduction weather conditions and decreasing with a vision of significantly reducing hazards of disaster. losses in lives, societal, financial and It also highlights utilization of ecological resources during a disaster advancement of technology disaster risk reduction that hopefully will FIVE PRIORITY MEASURES extensively lower the unwanted consequences of a Governance - Involvement of both national and local government in FOUR PRIORITY MEASURES prioritizing disaster risk reduction Strengthening disaster risk implementation. responsiveness. Risk Identification - Detection, Identifying the role of authorities in Appraisal and Supervising threats handling disaster risk. of disasters and improving early Providing financial support for warning systems. disaster risk reduction measures. Knowledge - Utilization of Formulating disaster preparedness information, innovation and programs that focuses on carefully instruction in creating a way of life planned response, rescue operations, rehabilitation and that values safety and resilience. rebuilding. Decreasing the causative factors that jeopardize different areas of PRINCIPLE FOR IMPLEMENTING DISASTER RISK the society. REDUCTION BASED ON SENDAI FRAMEWORK Reinforce disaster vigilance for Primary responsibility of the state to effective response. thwart and ease disaster risk, including through cooperation. THREE STRATEGIC AGENDA OFTHE OF THE Shared responsibility between FRAMEWORK central government and national Formulation of policies that authorities, sectors and stakeholders support disaster risk reduction. as appropriate to national Strengthening and establishing circumstances. agencies,methods and aptitude Protection of persons and their for better hazard control. assets while promoting and protecting all human rights including the right to development.  Full engagement of all state Reduces the fear, anxiety institutions of an executive and and losses that legislative nature at national and accompany disasters. local levels. Being aware of what to Empowerment of local authorities do when disaster occurs. and communities through Reduces impact of resources, incentives and disaster. decision-making responsibilities as Saves lives appropriate. Decision-making to be inclusive and risk-informed while using a multi-hazard approach. Coherence of decreasing disaster risk and attaining advance strategy, plans, practices and methods across diverse sectors. Accounting of local and specific characteristics of disaster risks when determining measures to reduce risk. Addressing underlying risk factors cost-effectively through investment versus relying primarily on post-disaster response and recovery. Build back better for preventing the creation of and reducing existing disaster risk. The quality of global partnership and international cooperation tobe effective, meaningful and strong. Support from developed countries and partners to developing countries be tailored according to needs and priorities as identified by them. IMPORTANCE OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION Natural and man-made hazards are comparable to a thief, it strikes anytime, anywhere. People must not be caught off guard for disasters not to occur. “Being prepared is the best defense against disaster, ” Somers (2012). Importance Of Disaster Risk Reduction includes:  institutionalizing the national disaster risk reduction and management plan, appropriating funds therefore and for other purposes. Uphold the people's constitutional rights to life and property by addressing the root causes of vulnerabilities to disasters ,strengthening the country's institutional capacity for disaster risk reduction and management and building the resilience of local communities to disasters including climate change impacts. Approved by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on May 27, 2010 ★ Republic Act No. 9729 (Climate Change Act of 2009) An act mainstreaming climate change in government policy formulations, establishing the framework strategy and program on climate change, creating for this purpose the climate change commission, and for other purposes It is the policy of the State to afford full protection and advancement of the right of the people to a healthful ecology accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature. In this light, the State has adopted the Philippine Agenda 21 framework which espouses sustainable development, to fulfill human needs while maintaining the quality of the natural 5 THE STATE AND ITS environment for current and future CITIZENS DISASTER generations. LAWS AND PROGRAMS FOR DISASTER Approved by President Gloria The Philippines in recent years have Macapagal-ArroyoonOctober 23, experienced calamities of unprecedented 2009. strength in terms of the enormity of affected people, livelihood damage and ★ Republic Act No. 10174 (People’s lives lost. This necessitates the Congress Survival Fund Act) to highlight the country’s quest for An act establishing the people's mitigating the effects of disaster, thus the survival fund to provide long term creation of the following laws and finance streams to enable the programs government to effectively address the problem of climate change, ★ Republic Act No.10121 (The Philippine amending for the purpose republic Disaster Risk Reduction and act no. 9729, otherwise known as the Management Act of 2010) "climate change act of 2009″, and for An act strengthening the Philippine other purposes Disaster RiskReductionand Approved by President Benigno Management system, providing for Aquino III on August 16, 2012 the national disaster risk reduction and management framework and ★ Republic Act No. 9514 (Revised Fire (6) LaDDeRS ( Local Development of Code of the Philippines of 2008) Doppler Radar System), targets to An act establishing a comprehensive create Doppler radar able to detect of the Philippines , repealing sea surface parameters like wave, presidential decree no. 1185 and for surface current velocity and wind other purposes field; It is the policy of the State to ensure (7) Landslide Sensors Development, public safety and promote economic aims to generate a sensor-based development through the prevention monitoring and warning system for and suppression of all kinds of slope failures, landslides and debris destructive fires and promote the flow; professionalization of the fire service (8) WHIP (Weather Hazard as a profession. Towards this end, the Information Project), utilization of State shall enforce all laws, rules and webportal (http://noah.dost.gov.ph) regulations to ensure adherence to and DOSTv , which provide real-time standard fire prevention safety satellite, Doppler Radar Etc. to measures, and promote inform the public to prepare against accountability for fire safety in fire calamities. These activities are protection service and prevention complemented with the ninth service. component which is ◦ Approved by President Gloria (9) Strategic Communication, utilizing Macapagal-Arroyo on December 19, IEC (Information, Education and 2008. Communication) activities. ★ Project NOAH (Nationwide ★ Project DINA (Disaster Information Operational Assessment Of Hazards) For Nationwide Awareness Project) Project NOAH is the Philippines' The Philippines, one of the signatory primary disaster risk reduction and countries in Hyogo Framework of management program. It was initially Action (HFA), has been constantly administered by the Department of seeking for innovative means to Science andTechnologyfrom 2012 to educate the general populace in 2017, but is now managed by the response to FAs Priority Action 3: Use University of the Philippines. knowledge, innovationandeducation Project NOAH was a response to to build a culture of safety President BenignoAquionIII's call on a andresilienceatalllevels. better disaster prevention and Project DINA paves the way for the mitigation system in the Philippines in public exposure and access of the aftermath of the destructive disaster risk reduction and Tropical Storm Sendong in December management (DRRM) information 2011 materials. (1) Distribution of Hydro met devices The Project showcases a number of to typhoon and flood prone areas audio–visual presentations (AVPs) the country; whichdiscussDRRM topics, enabling Disaster Risk Exposure Assessment the public to undergo online for Mitigation –Light Detection and DRRM–related instruction. Through Ranging (DREAM-LIDAR) Project - an this system, the public can gain accurate 3D presentation of flood disaster preparedness knowledge and hazard maps; what to do before, during and after the following hazards: (3) Geohazards mapping through Earthquakes LIDAR, aims to identify areas prone Tsunami to landslide; Tropical Cyclones (4) Coastal Hazards and Storm Surge Landslides Assessment and Mitigation Floods (CHASSAM), detects coastal Volcanic Eruptions circulation, wave surge and refraction that helps determine and Fires resolve coastal erosion; (5) FloodNET Project, a flood center that provides accurate and updated flood warning system;