Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements about tropical cyclones is true?

  • Tropical cyclones cannot form in the Indian Ocean.
  • Tropical cyclones are only classified as hurricanes.
  • Cycones develop primarily in high atmospheric pressure regions.
  • The Northwestern Pacific Basin is known for its high cyclone activity. (correct)

PAGASA has always used male names for typhoons since 1963.

False (B)

What is the minimum wind speed for a tropical cyclone to be classified as a tropical storm?

62 kph

A hurricane originates from the _______ Ocean and Eastern Pacific.

<p>Atlantic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the classification of tropical cyclones with their respective maximum sustained winds:

<p>Tropical Depression = ≤ 61 kph Tropical Storm = 62 to 88 kph Hurricane = ≥ 119 kph</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the ill effects of El Niño?

<p>Soil degradation and food shortage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fires can only occur when there is fuel present.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the temperature at which a substance ignites?

<p>kindling point</p> Signup and view all the answers

The elements that constitute the fire triangle are fuel, ______, and heat.

<p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following fire hazards with their descriptions:

<p>Fuel = Substances that can burn Oxygen = Supports combustion Heat = Energy required to ignite Chemical reaction = Transformation that leads to fire</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often does El Niño occur in the Pacific region?

<p>Every 2 to 9 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of an impending thunderstorm?

<p>Towering cumulus clouds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water-borne diseases like Leptospirosis are less common during the rainy season.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Urban migration can be an effect of El Niño.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do to water before drinking it during the rainy season?

<p>Boil it for at least 20 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What observable segment is produced during the flames of a fire?

<p>plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ stage of a thunderstorm is when precipitation decreases and clouds begin to dissipate.

<p>Dissipating</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following thunderstorm hazards with their descriptions:

<p>Lightning = A sudden electrostatic discharge causing bright flashes Heavy rains = Intense precipitation resulting in water accumulation Tornadoes = Violently rotating columns of air in contact with the ground Hail = Precipitation in the form of ice pellets</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common breeding ground for mosquitoes?

<p>Old tires (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Static on communication gadgets is a sign of an incoming thunderstorm.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be reported to utility services during a thunderstorm situation?

<p>Broken electrical cables and plummeted electrical posts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Climate Change Act of 2009?

<p>To mainstream climate change in government policy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Project NOAH was managed by the University of the Philippines before 2012.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does IEC stand for in the context of Project NOAH?

<p>Information, Education and Communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

Project DINA stands for Disaster Information For __________ Awareness Project.

<p>Nationwide</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following projects with their descriptions:

<p>Project NOAH = Primary disaster risk reduction and management program Project DINA = Disaster Information For Nationwide Awareness Project</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant hazard associated with overnight charging of devices?

<p>Devices may explode due to overcharging (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is safe to leave cooking unattended while charging devices overnight.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do with discharge batteries?

<p>They must be discarded properly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fourth leading cause of fire is _______.

<p>smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a prevention method for careless smoking?

<p>Remind family members not to smoke in bed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the safety hazard with its prevention measure:

<p>Overnight charging = Use original batteries and chargers only Careless smoking = Do not smoke in bed Open flames = Never leave unattended candles or lamps Electrical equipment = Check for loose or frayed cords</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is safe to run electrical wires under heavy furniture.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can pets contribute to fire hazards?

<p>They can chew on electrical cords.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym PASS stand for in relation to fire extinguisher usage?

<p>Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Ozone Disco tragedy occurred in Quezon City, Philippines in 1996.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of disaster risk reduction?

<p>To lessen the threat of disasters and minimize their impact on communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Kentex Manufacturing Factory fire occurred in Valenzuela City, Philippines on _______.

<p>May 13, 2015</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following frameworks or events with their descriptions:

<p>Hyogo Framework = 2005 international disaster risk reduction agenda Sendai Framework = 2015-2030 disaster risk reduction agenda Ozone Disco Tragedy = 1996 nightclub fire incident in Quezon City Kentex Fire Incident = 2015 factory fire in Valenzuela City</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which year was the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction established?

<p>2015 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Hyogo Framework for Action was signed by 168 countries in Kobe, Japan.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Disaster risk reduction includes activities such as preparedness, ________, rescue, and rehabilitation.

<p>mitigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Tropical Cyclone

A severe storm that originates over warm ocean waters, characterized by strong winds, heavy rain, and a low-pressure center.

Hurricane

A strong tropical cyclone that forms in the Atlantic Ocean and Eastern Pacific.

Tropical Depression

A tropical cyclone with sustained winds less than 61 kph.

Tropical Storm

A tropical cyclone with sustained winds between 62 and 88 kph.

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Northwestern Pacific Basin

A region in the western South Pacific Ocean that generates most of the world's tropical cyclones.

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Impending Thunderstorm Signs

Characteristics that foreshadow a thunderstorm, including towering cumulus clouds, dark skies, lightning, gusty winds and thunder.

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Thunderstorm Hazards

Potential dangers from thunderstorms, including lightning, heavy rain, flash floods, tornadoes, and hail.

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Towering Cumulus Clouds

Large, puffy clouds that can reach great heights, often a sign of an oncoming thunderstorm.

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Mature Thunderstorm Stage

The stage of a thunderstorm where the most intense rain, lightning, strong winds, hail, and sometimes tornadoes are likely to occur.

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Flood

A temporary overflow of water in an area unusually not covered by water that may arise from various sources like water spillover, heavy rainfall, or mudslide.

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Flood Categories

Floods are categorized based on their causes, like water overflow, mudslides, etc. Understanding categories can assist in preparedness.

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Thunderstorm Dissipating Stage

The stage where thunderstorm's intensity decreases and the clouds start to disappear, often still including possible strong winds and lingering lightning risks.

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Water-Borne Diseases

Diseases transmitted through contaminated water, like Leptospirosis.

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El Niño

A climate pattern that occurs in the Pacific Ocean every 2 to 9 years, characterized by warmer-than-average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific.

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El Niño's Impact

El Niño can lead to various negative effects, such as drought, soil degradation, food shortages, power interruptions, and increased migration to urban areas.

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Fire Triangle

The three essential elements needed for a fire to occur: heat, fuel, and oxygen.

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Kindling Point

The specific temperature at which a substance will ignite and start burning.

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Fire Extinguisher's Role

Fire extinguishers work by removing one or more elements from the fire triangle, thereby stopping the combustion reaction.

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What is Fire?

Fire is a rapid chemical process of combustion that releases heat and light, resulting in the decomposition of a substance.

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Fire Hazards in March

March is the hottest month in the Philippines, making it a time when fire incidents are at their highest.

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Fire Safety Tip

To prevent fires, always be careful with sources of fuel and ignition, and keep them separated.

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Overnight Charging

Leaving electronic devices charging unattended, especially overnight, can be dangerous as batteries may overheat and cause fire.

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Electrical Overloading

Using too many appliances on one electrical circuit can overload it, leading to heat buildup and potential fire.

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Careless Smoking

Leaving cigarettes unattended, especially in bed, is a major fire hazard, as drowsiness or sleep can lead to forgetting to extinguish them.

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Open Flames

Candles and kerosene lamps should never be left unattended as they can easily ignite nearby materials and cause fires.

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Climate Change Act of 2009

A Philippine law that aims to incorporate climate change considerations into government policies, establish a Climate Change Commission, and promote climate change-related programs.

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Pets & Fire Hazards

Pets, especially dogs, can accidentally start fires by knocking over stove knobs or chewing on electrical cords.

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Project NOAH

The Philippines' primary disaster risk reduction and management program, focusing on assessing hazards and promoting disaster preparedness.

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Overcharging Batteries

Overcharging phone or tablet batteries can lead to overheating and explosions, potentially causing fires.

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LPG Tank Safety

LPG tanks should be stored outside or in well-ventilated areas to prevent the buildup of flammable gas.

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What is Project NOAH's main goal?

Project NOAH focuses on assessing potential hazards and promoting disaster preparedness in the Philippines, aiming to reduce the impact of disasters on communities.

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What is Project DINA?

Project DINA, which stands for 'Disaster Information For Nationwide Awareness Project,' provides information to the public about disaster preparedness and response.

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Combustible Materials Storage

Materials easily ignited by fire, like paper or cloth, should be stored in fire-resistant cabinets to minimize fire risk.

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IEC Activities

IEC activities stand for Information, Education and Communication, which aims to promote awareness and knowledge about disaster preparedness.

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PASS

An acronym used for remembering the steps to use a fire extinguisher. It stands for Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep.

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Disaster Risk Reduction

Measures taken to lessen the threat of disasters and their impact, including preventing hazards, reducing vulnerability, and increasing preparedness.

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Hyogo Framework for Action

An international framework (2005-2015) that aimed to strengthen disaster risk reduction efforts globally. It was adopted in Kobe, Japan.

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Sendai Framework

The successor to the Hyogo Framework, this international framework (2015-2030) aims to reduce disaster risk and build resilience to disasters.

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Ozone Disco Tragedy

A nightclub fire that occurred in Quezon City, Philippines, on March 18, 1996. This tragedy resulted in numerous casualties.

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Kentex Manufacturing Factory Fire

A fire that occurred at a manufacturing facility in Valenzuela City, Philippines, on May 13, 2015. This fire resulted in a significant number of fatalities.

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What is the purpose of disaster risk reduction?

To minimize the negative impacts of disasters by proactively addressing hazards, reducing vulnerabilities, and enhancing preparedness.

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Why is it important to include risk reduction in emergency preparation?

Because incorporating risk reduction measures in emergency preparation strategies helps to prevent a disaster from happening in the first place, reducing the need for rescue efforts and saving lives.

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Study Notes

Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

  • Measures taken to reduce the threat and impact of natural hazards.
  • Includes risk assessment, prevention and preparedness measures.
  • Aims to minimize losses of life, property, and economic resources.

Hyogo Framework for Action

  • A global guideline for disaster risk reduction, signed in 2005 by 168 countries.
  • Focuses on reducing disaster losses from different aspects.

Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction

  • A 10-year global plan (2015-2025) adopted to strengthen disaster risk reduction.
  • It stresses prevention, preparedness and managing disaster impacts.
  • The framework highlights reducing risks at all levels across diverse sectors and communities to ensure resilience.

Five Priority Measures

  • Governance: National and local governments must involve in prioritizing disaster risk reduction strategies.
  • Risk Identification: Accurate identification and appraisal of potential disaster risks, and improvement of early warning systems.
  • Knowledge Utilization: Utilize knowledge, innovation, and education to encourage safe and resilient lifestyles.
  • Reducing Cause: Decrease negative factors that increase disaster risks for diverse areas.
  • Effective Response: Improve strategies for effective disaster response.

Disaster Risk Reduction Importance

  • Reduces fear, anxiety, and losses associated with disasters
  • Develops awareness during disasters
  • Reduces the impact of disasters
  • Saves lives

3 Stages of Thunderstorm Development

  • Cumulus Stage: Warm air rises, water vapor condenses forming towering cumulus clouds.
  • Maturing Stage: Clouds produce heavy rains, lightning, and strong winds.
  • Dissipating Stage: Precipitation decreases in intensity, clouds dissipate, and thunderstorms end.

Typhoon Hazards

  • Coastal Flooding: Storm surge causes flooding in coastal areas.
  • Strong Winds: Typhoons produce powerful winds that cause damage.
  • Heavy Rainfall: Intense rain falling can cause flooding inland.
  • Mudslides: Heavy rain can lead to mudslides, especially in areas with unstable slopes.
  • Landslides: Similar to mudslides, but landslides are associated with the rapid movement of soil, and rock.

Fire Hazards

  • Fire Triangle: Fuel, heat and oxygen are three elements needed for fire to occur.
  • Fire Hazards: Improper cooking, electrical issues, inappropriate flammable storage.
  • Basic Fire Prevention Tips: Keep flammable materials away from heat sources, practice safe cooking and electrical usage, and store flammable materials safely.

Disaster Risk Reduction Laws

  • Republic Act No. 10121: Strengthens disaster risk reduction.
  • Republic Act No. 9729, (Climate Change Act of 2009): Recognizes climate change as a key factor in disaster risk reduction.
  • Republic Act No. 10174, (People's Survival Fund Act): Establishes long-term financial mechanisms for disaster risk reduction, particularly in relation to climate change impacts.
  • Republic Act No. 9514 (Revised Fire Code of 2008): Introduces comprehensive fire safety measures to reduce the risk and occurrences of fires.

Project NOAH

  • Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards, a major disaster risk reduction project in the Philippines aimed at managing risks across diverse domains and hazards.

Project DINA

  • Disaster Information for Nationwide Awareness Project, helps disseminate disaster risk reduction information to the public.

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Description

This quiz explores the concepts of disaster risk reduction and management, focusing on frameworks like Hyogo and Sendai. It examines the measures needed to reduce the impact of natural hazards through governance, risk identification, and community preparedness. Test your understanding of the priorities for minimizing disaster losses and enhancing resilience.

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