Midterm Course Review 330 PDF

Middest Course Lecture 1 Mother Theresa To keep a lamp burning, we have to put oil in it. Dans la rue Program to help SDF teenager on the street à give them cookies Level of physical activity Low, moderate, vigorous Physical activity Physical activity: - Bodily movement produced by skele...

Middest Course Lecture 1 Mother Theresa To keep a lamp burning, we have to put oil in it. Dans la rue Program to help SDF teenager on the street à give them cookies Level of physical activity Low, moderate, vigorous Physical activity Physical activity: - Bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles - Requires energy expenditure - Required for growth and development - Produces progressive health benefits - Typically requires low to moderate intensity of effort Exercise Exercise: - Type of physical activity - Requires planned structured and repetitive bodily movement - Maintains one or more component of physical fitness - Usually requires high intensity effort Trends Trends: - Initial fitness fad in the early 1970's - General increase in participation in organized fitness and wellness programs \*\*\*Fitness started officially in the 1970's - Research - Links to better health, longevity, quality of life and total well-being Current Trends Current trends: - Survey results show a decline in daily physical activity - Modern technology - Almost eliminates necessity for physical exertion in daily life - Physical activity is no longer a natural part of our existence - Sedentary Death Syndrome Moderate Physical Activity Recommendations of CSEP and ACSM: - 30 minutes of moderate physical activity on most days of the week in bouts of at least 10 minutes - Burning 1,000 calories per week \*\*\*Adults should take part in moderate physical activity for at least 30 minutes on most or all days of the week. Causes of Death Worldwide in 2016 Causes of Death in Canada 2004  Leading cause of death in the first four months of 2020 According to publicly available figures from the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), Covid-19: - 3 184 (Canada) \*\*\*COVID-19 was responsible for more deaths than diabetes (2,465 deaths), Alzheimer\'s disease (2,505), suicide (1,310) or kidney diseases (1,295) World Health Organization Covid numbers Covid confirmed cases = 769,806,130 Deaths = 6,955,497 Public Health (5 divisions) Divisions: 1. Epidemiology and disease control 2. Environmental health 3. Health promotion and health organization 4. Health administration and policy 5. Biostatistics Physical Activity and Health Throughout History - 400BC: Hippocrates and the ancient Greeks - 1950s: Dr. Jeremy N. Morris and the London Transit Authority Study - 1990: Healthy People 2000 - 1996: Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General - 2000: Healthy People 2010 What is Health? Definition: - Freedom from disease - Quality of life The Average Lifespan of Canadians - 1900: Less than a 48-year life expectancy - 2019: Average life expectancy of 80 years \- 79.9 for men \- 84.9 for women Health Benefits of Physical Activity Reduction in the risk of the following problems: - Coronary heart disease - Osteoporosis - Obesity - Anxiety - Depression - Diabetes - Hypertension - Colon cancer If exercise is good why doesn't everyone do it? Excuses: - I have limited heartbeats - No time - Don't wanna look like a bodybuilder +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Lecture 2: History of Exercise | | | Epidemiology | | +===================================+===================================+ | Benjamin Disraeli | "I hate definitions'' | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | What is epidemiology? | Definition: | | | | | Gordis 2004 | - The study of how disease is | | | distributed in the population | | | and the factors that | | | influence or determine this | | | distribution. | | | | | | - Frequencies and types | | | | | | - Groups with and at risk | | | of disease | | | | | | - Factors that influence | | | their distribution | | | | | | - Findings causes and | | | preventing future cases | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Premise behind epidemiology | - Disease, illness and ill | | | health are not randomly | | | distributed in the population | | | | | | - Rather, each of us has | | | certain characteristics that | | | predispose us or protect us | | | from certain diseases | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Cholera Outbreak in London (Mid | Cholera outbreak: | | 1800's) | | | | - Killed over 14,000 people | | | | | | - Most Health-Care | | | professionals believed that | | | Cholera was air-borne | | | (aliment et eaux contaminées) | | | | | | - Outbreaks were persistent in | | | London | | | | | | - Residents were fleeing london | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Dr. John Snow (1854) | Studied the cholera outbreak. | | | | | | - Discovered that Cholera is | | | conveyed by water (Broad | | | street pump) | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Others live longer | Populations that live longer: | | | | | | - Female (79,5) \> Male (74,3) | | | | | | - Why do men die younger: | | | Because they like danger | | | | | | - Japan, Sweden, Switzerland, | | | Canada | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | The Changing Face of Death | - 1900: Infectious disease | | | | | | - 2024: Chronic, age-related, | | | lifestyle-related diseases | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Leading Causes of Death | Between 1900 and 1997, medicine | | | has improved, and the leading | | | causes of Death had changed (from | | | curable diseases to more severe | | | organic disorder) | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases | Risk factors for chronic | | | diseases: | | | | | | - Obesity, high cholesterol | | | | | | - High blood pressure | | | | | | - Poor nutrition | | | | | | - Poor fitness | | | | | | \*\*\*It is never too early or | | | too late to become physically | | | active to reduce the risk for | | | chronic disease. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Components of Physical Fitness | Health-Related Fitness : | | | | | | - Cardiorespiratory fitness | | | | | | - Body composition | | | | | | - Musculoskeletal fitness | | | (flexibility, muscular | | | strength, and endurance) | | | | | | Skill-Related Fitness : | | | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | - Agility | - Coordina | | | | | | tion | | | | | - Speed | | | | | | | - Power | | | | | - Balance | | | | | | | - Quicknes | | | | | | s | | | | +--------------+--------------+ | | | | | | NO SHIT: \*\*\*Health-related | | | fitness---including | | | cardiorespiratory fitness, body | | | composition, and musculoskeletal | | | fitness---affects our overall | | | health and energy and our ability | | | to perform daily tasks and | | | activities. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Screening | PAR - Q | What is it? | | | | | | | | - For adults Aged | | | | 15-69 years | | | | | | | | - A conservative | | | | screening tool | | | | | | | | - Developed by | | | | Health Canada | | | | | | | | - Used around the | | | | world | | | | | | | | - Answer "Yes or | | | | No" questions | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Wisdom of the Ages | 9th century B.C. | Exercise recommended | | | | for rheumatoid | | | | arthritis | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | Hippocrates 460-377 | Eating alone will not | | | B.C. | keep a man well; he | | | | must also take | | | | exercise. For food | | | | and exercise, while | | | | possessing opposite | | | | qualities, yet work | | | | together to produce | | | | health. | | | | | | | | Exercise should be | | | | many and of all | | | | kinds. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | Aristotle 384-322 | The following are | | | B.C. | examples of the | | | | results of action: | | | | bodily health is the | | | | results of a fondness | | | | of gymnastics; a man | | | | falls into ill health | | | | as a result of not | | | | caring for exercise | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | Robert Burton, 1632 | "As too much and | | | | violent exercise | | | | offends on the one | | | | side, so doth an idle | | | | life on the other.. | | | |. Opposite to | | | | Exercise is Idleness | | | | or want of exercise, | | | | the bane of body and | | | | minde,... the | | | | chiefe author of all | | | | mischiefe, one of the | | | | seven deadly sinnes, | | | |..'' | | | | | | | | [Traduction:]{.underl | | | | ine} | | | | Vu que faire de | | | | l'exercice c rough, | | | | les gens l'évite et | | | | c'est pas bien. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | Scottish physician | Exercise and hearth | | | William Heberden 1802 | disease: | | | | | | | | "I know a man who set | | | | himself a task of | | | | sawing wood half an | | | | hour every day, and | | | | was nearly cured." | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | Robert Tait McKenzie | Who is he? | | | (1867 - 1938) | | | | | - McGill Undergrad | | | | and Medicine | | | | | | | | - Lecturer in | | | | Anatomy | | | | | | | | - Naismith kindled | | | | McKenzie\'s | | | | interest in | | | | gymnastic | | | | activities and | | | | later, at McGill, | | | | McKenzie assisted | | | | Naismith in | | | | teaching | | | | gymnastics at the | | | | university | | | | | | | | - Professor from | | | | 1894 to 1904 at | | | | McGill started | | | | Phys Ed Dept | | | | | | | | - Move to | | | | Pennsylvania | | | | | | | | - Published | | | | Exercise in | | | | Education and | | | | Medicine | | | | | | | | In 1914: | | | | | | | | - Creation of "The | | | | Joy of Effort | | | | bronze medal'' | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | T.K. Cureton (1960's) | - 1936 -- tests of | | | | "condition" | | | | | | | | - 1944 -- Physical | | | | Fitness Research | | | | Laboratory in the | | | | Department of | | | | Physical | | | | Education for | | | | Men, University | | | | of Illinois | | | | | | | | - 1945 --Physical | | | | Fitness Appraisal | | | | and Guidance | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | Joseph B. Wolffe, | - 1940's : "Heart | | | M.D. (1945) | health" | | | | | | | | - 1946: "The Heart | | | | of the Athlete," | | | | Journal Lancet | | | | | | | | - 1954 : A | | | | cardiologist | | | | becomes first | | | | president of ACSM | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | Jack Lalanne, (1979) | - 1936 -- Jack | | | | LaLanne's | | | | Physical Culture | | | | Studio, Oakland, | | | | CA | | | | | | | | - 1952 -- Jack | | | | LaLanne TV Show | | | | | | | | - 1960 -- The Jack | | | | LaLanne Way to | | | | Vibrant Good | | | | Health | | | | | | | | - "If you can't | | | | take 20 minutes | | | | or 30 minutes | | | | three or four, | | | | five times a week | | | | out of 24 hours, | | | | taking care of | | | | the most | | | | priceless | | | | possession you | | | | have on this | | | | earth, you've got | | | | to be sick." | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | The 5 BX plan (1960) | The federal | | | | government went on to | | | | sell 23 million | | | | copies of the 5BX | | | | booklet. It was | | | | translated into 13 | | | | languages. The | | | | program was sold to | | | | the American air | | | | force for \$2 million | | | | alone. | | | | | | | | - Short program to | | | | get fit. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Wisdom of age | Jeremy Morris 1953 | Coronary Heart | | | | Disease Hypothesis : | | | ( First modern | | | | Physical Activity | - "men in | | | Epidemiologist) | physically active | | | | jobs suffer less | | | | coronary -- | | | | ischemic -- heart | | | | disease than | | | | comparable men in | | | | sedentary jobs, | | | | such disease as | | | | the active do | | | | develop is less | | | | severe and | | | | strikes at later | | | | ages." | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | World Health day | April 7^th^ | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Alameda County | - Sleeping 7 to 8 | | | Healthy 7 | hours | | | | | | | | - Breakfast every | | | | day | | | | | | | | - Never or rarely | | | | snack | | | | | | | | - At or near ideal | | | | weight/ht | | | | | | | | - Never smoke | | | | | | | | - Moderate Use of | | | | Alcohol | | | | | | | | - Regular Physical | | | | Activity | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Framingham Heart | Modern era of | | | Study | Physical Activity | | | | Epidemiology: | | | | | | | | - 1948 - ? | | | | | | | | - 5209 men and | | | | women (30 -- 62) | | | | | | | | - Questionnaires | | | | and physical | | | | exams | | | | | | | | - 1967 Physical | | | | Activity found to | | | | reduce the risk | | | | of heart disease | | | | | | | | - 1971 offspring | | | | study | | | | | | | | - 1995 omni study | | | | (500 minority | | | | residents) | | | | | | | | - Now recruiting | | | | Grand | | | | children (3500) | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Landmark research | Tecumseh Community | | | | Health Study (1957) | | | | | | | | - 8600 people (20+ | | | | years) | | | | | | | | - 1961-1965 (cycle | | | | two) assess | | | | physical activity | | | | of Men | | | | | | | | - 1967-1969 cycle | | | | three | | | | | | | | College Alumni Study | | | | (Harvard & Penn) | | | | | | | | - 21000+ (graduated | | | | 1916 -- 1950) | | | | | | | | - 1962 and 1966 | | | | | | | | - questionnaire/med | | | | ical | | | | exam | | | | | | | | Aerobics Center | | | | Longitudinal Study | | | | | | | | - More than 25,000 | | | | men and 10,000 | | | | women since 1980 | | | | | | | | - Questionnaire and | | | | medical exam | | | | | | | | - Fitness measured | | | | by treadmill | | | | testing | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Healthy People 2000 | Health Promotion | | | | | | | | 1. Physical Activity | | | | & Fitness | | | | | | | | 2. Nutrition | | | | | | | | 3. Tobacco | | | | | | | | 4. Alcohol and drugs | | | | | | | | 5. Family Planning | | | | | | | | 6. Mental Health | | | | | | | | 7. Violence | | | | | | | | 8. Education | | | | | | | | DHHS, 1991 | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | RM Hutchins, | "The secret of my | | | University of | abundant health is | | | Chicago, 1929-1951 | that whenever the | | | | impulse to exercise | | | | comes over me, I lie | | | | down until it passes | | | | away''. | | | | | | | | RM Hutchins, | | | | University of | | | | Chicago, 1929- | | | | | | | | 1951 | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Holy Bible, Proverbs, | "Train up a child in | | | 22:6 | the way he should go; | | | | and when he is old, | | | | he will not depart | | | | from it.'' | | | | | | | | Holy Bible, Proverbs, | | | | 22:6 | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+