Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which layer of the skin is directly responsible for nourishing the epidermis through its embedded blood vessels?
Which layer of the skin is directly responsible for nourishing the epidermis through its embedded blood vessels?
- Epidermis
- Hypodermis
- Dermis (correct)
- Subcutaneous layer
What is the primary function of the hypodermis?
What is the primary function of the hypodermis?
- To protect against UV radiation
- To insulate the body and anchor skin to underlying tissues (correct)
- To secrete melanin for skin pigmentation
- To reflect disease processes of the body
Which of these is NOT a typical pathway for drug delivery through the skin?
Which of these is NOT a typical pathway for drug delivery through the skin?
- Hypodermic injections
- Topical applications
- Transdermal patches
- Ingestion via oral route (correct)
What substance, produced by melanocytes, is the primary determinant of dark skin pigment?
What substance, produced by melanocytes, is the primary determinant of dark skin pigment?
Which physiological change results from blood vessel dilation and presents as a reddening of the skin?
Which physiological change results from blood vessel dilation and presents as a reddening of the skin?
What pathological change in the skin is characterized by a yellowing due to bilirubin deposition?
What pathological change in the skin is characterized by a yellowing due to bilirubin deposition?
Which condition refers to a bluish tint of the skin caused by poor oxygenation?
Which condition refers to a bluish tint of the skin caused by poor oxygenation?
What is the term for the black and blue discoloration that occurs due to bruising?
What is the term for the black and blue discoloration that occurs due to bruising?
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skin?
Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the skin?
What is the main function of the stratum germinativum?
What is the main function of the stratum germinativum?
Which of the following best describes the function of keratin in the skin?
Which of the following best describes the function of keratin in the skin?
Which of these is NOT a layer of the skin itself?
Which of these is NOT a layer of the skin itself?
What process describes the hardening and flattening of skin cells as they move toward the surface?
What process describes the hardening and flattening of skin cells as they move toward the surface?
Which layer of the skin is continuously shedding dead cells?
Which layer of the skin is continuously shedding dead cells?
Which of these does the Integumentary System NOT participate in?
Which of these does the Integumentary System NOT participate in?
What is the primary function of the subcutaneous layer, mentioned in the content?
What is the primary function of the subcutaneous layer, mentioned in the content?
What are the primary functions of hair?
What are the primary functions of hair?
Which structure is responsible for showing nail growth?
Which structure is responsible for showing nail growth?
What is the main function of eccrine glands?
What is the main function of eccrine glands?
Which of the following is considered an influence on hair color?
Which of the following is considered an influence on hair color?
Which of these are NOT a type of heat loss?
Which of these are NOT a type of heat loss?
Where does hair arise?
Where does hair arise?
Which of the following best describes the concept of thermoregulation?
Which of the following best describes the concept of thermoregulation?
What is the primary product secreted by sebaceous glands?
What is the primary product secreted by sebaceous glands?
Which of these physiological responses helps to conserve heat?
Which of these physiological responses helps to conserve heat?
Newborns lose heat more quickly than adults due to which of the following factors?
Newborns lose heat more quickly than adults due to which of the following factors?
Which term describes a normal body temperature?
Which term describes a normal body temperature?
A burn that involves the epidermis and part of the dermis is classified as:
A burn that involves the epidermis and part of the dermis is classified as:
Which of the following is a characteristic of eschar?
Which of the following is a characteristic of eschar?
Which of the following is NOT a method used by the hypothalamus to regulate body temperature?
Which of the following is NOT a method used by the hypothalamus to regulate body temperature?
Excessive exposure to UV radiation increases the risk of:
Excessive exposure to UV radiation increases the risk of:
What is the primary method newborns use to generate heat?
What is the primary method newborns use to generate heat?
Flashcards
Stratum Corneum
Stratum Corneum
The outermost layer of skin, composed of dead cells that slough off.
Stratum Germinativum
Stratum Germinativum
The innermost layer of the epidermis, where new skin cells are produced.
Keratinization
Keratinization
The process by which the protein keratin makes skin cells hard, flat, and waterproof.
Subcutaneous Layer
Subcutaneous Layer
Signup and view all the flashcards
Dermis
Dermis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Epidermis
Epidermis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Thermoregulation
Thermoregulation
Signup and view all the flashcards
Perspiration
Perspiration
Signup and view all the flashcards
Skin Rejection
Skin Rejection
Signup and view all the flashcards
Skin Absorption
Skin Absorption
Signup and view all the flashcards
Melanin
Melanin
Signup and view all the flashcards
Albinism
Albinism
Signup and view all the flashcards
Vitiligo
Vitiligo
Signup and view all the flashcards
Mole
Mole
Signup and view all the flashcards
Hair Function
Hair Function
Signup and view all the flashcards
Where does hair originate?
Where does hair originate?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What determines hair color?
What determines hair color?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are the parts of a nail?
What are the parts of a nail?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Why do we have nails?
Why do we have nails?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What do sebaceous glands do?
What do sebaceous glands do?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are sudoriferous glands?
What are sudoriferous glands?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What are core and shell temperature?
What are core and shell temperature?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What part of the brain regulates body temperature?
What part of the brain regulates body temperature?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Why are newborns more susceptible to heat loss?
Why are newborns more susceptible to heat loss?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is brown adipose tissue (BAT) and what is its role?
What is brown adipose tissue (BAT) and what is its role?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the difference between normothermia and pyrexia?
What is the difference between normothermia and pyrexia?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is hyperthermia?
What is hyperthermia?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is hypothermia?
What is hypothermia?
Signup and view all the flashcards
How are burns classified?
How are burns classified?
Signup and view all the flashcards
What is the "rule of nines"?
What is the "rule of nines"?
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Integumentary System and Body Temperature
- The integumentary system has seven functions: mechanical barrier, protects internal structures, participates in immune response, excretory function, sensory role, and regulates body temperature
- The skin has two main layers: epidermis and dermis.
- The stratum germinativum is the deeper layer of the epidermis, where cells continuously divide and move towards the surface.
- The stratum corneum is the surface layer of the epidermis, containing flattened dead cells that slough off.
- Keratinization makes skin cells hard, flat, and water-resistant.
- The dermis lies under and supports the epidermis, and sits on the subcutaneous layer or hypodermis
- The dermis contains blood vessels that nourish the epidermis
- The subcutaneous layer or hypodermis lies beneath the skin.
- Highly vascularized subcutaneous tissue insulates the body from extreme temperature changes
- The subcutaneous layer anchors the skin to underlying structures.
- Skin color is determined by genetics, physiology, and sometimes pathology. It is influenced by melanin, secreted by melanocytes in the epidermis.
- Melanocyte malfunctions can result in conditions such as albinism, vitiligo, or moles.
- Carotene is an additional yellow pigment in the skin.
- Physiological changes affecting skin color include blushing (blood vessel dilation) and pallor (blood vessel constriction)
- Several pathologies lead to changes in skin color like cyanosis (bluish tint, poor oxygenation), jaundice (yellowing, bilirubin deposition), bronzing (melanin overproduction) and ecchymosis (black/blue bruising)
Accessory Structures
- Hair detects insects, protects eyes, keeps dust out of lungs, growth is affected by hormones and melanin influences color
- Hair arises in the epidermis
- Nails protect the tips of fingers and toes from injury
- Conditions affected by oxygenation of blood deficiencies
- Sebaceous glands secrete oil ("sebum") and Sudoriferous glands secrete sweat
- Apocrine glands are usually associated with hair follicles, becoming more active at puberty
- Eccrine glands are critical in temperature regulation.
- Modified sweat glands include mammary glands (secrete milk), and ceruminous glands (secrete ear wax)
Body Temperature
- Core temperature refers to the temperature of the inner body parts
- Shell temperature refers to the temperature of the surface areas of the body
- Thermoregulation is the balance between heat production and heat loss
- Heat production occurs through metabolism and is primarily generated by muscles, liver, and endocrine glands.
- Food intake, hormones, disease, and physical activity affect heat production
- Heat loss occurs through skin (80%), lungs, and excretory products (20%)
- Types of heat loss: radiation, conduction, convection, and evaporation
Temperature Regulation
- The hypothalamus acts as a thermostat regulating body temperature.
- Heat loss occurs through: blood vessel dilation, sweating.
- Heat conservation occurs through: shivering, blood vessel constriction, less sweating
Newborns and Body Temperature
- Newborns lose more heat than they produce due to a larger surface area relative to their body size.
- They have limited capacity to dissipate heat
- Metabolism of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is important in heat production in newborns.
- Newborns rely on nonshivering thermogenesis.
Thermostat
- Normothermia: Normal body temperature
- Pyrexia: Fever
- Hyperthermia: High body temperature
- Hypothermia: Subnormal body temperature
Burns
- Burns are classified by depth and extent.
- Partial thickness burns include first- and second-degree burns
- Full thickness burns include third-degree burns
- The "Rule of Nines" is used to estimate the extent of burn surface area.
- Eschar acts like a tourniquet and breeds bacteria
- Eschar secretes toxins
Skin Care
- Skin care is significant for all ages.
- Reduce UV radiation exposure
- UV radiation causes irreversible skin damage
- UV protection is especially important for older age groups.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the functions and layers of the integumentary system, including the skin's roles in protection, sensation, and temperature regulation. This quiz covers the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, as well as skin processes like keratinization. Test your knowledge on how the body maintains homeostasis through skin structure and function.
