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MINERALS building blocks of rocks solid naturally occuring inorganic has a fixed chemical formula specific atomic arrangement https://tinyurl.com/ESSumTest1  MINERAL RESOURCES  ROCKS Aggregates of minerals can be composed of a single mineral more commo...

MINERALS building blocks of rocks solid naturally occuring inorganic has a fixed chemical formula specific atomic arrangement https://tinyurl.com/ESSumTest1  MINERAL RESOURCES  ROCKS Aggregates of minerals can be composed of a single mineral more commonly composed of an aggregate of two or more minerals  ROCKS classified based on how they were formed igneous (cooling and solidification) sedimentary (compacting and cementing) metamorphic (exposure to extreme heat or pressure)  Why are minerals important to society? How are minerals formed? MINERAL OCCURENCE concentration of a mineral that is of scientific or technical interest MINERAL DEPOSIT mineral occurrence of sufficient size and grade or concentration to enable extraction under the most favorable conditions ex: copper and gold deposits in Baguio  ORE DEPOSIT mineral deposit that has been tested and known to be economically profitable to mine  ORE naturally occurring material from which a mineral or minerals of economic value can be extracted.  MINERAL VS ORE DEPOSIT all ore deposits are mineral deposits, but the reverse is not true  AGGREGATE rock or mineral material used as filler in cement, asphalt, plaster, etc. generally used to describe nonmetallic deposits  Match the term with its description.. A B c 1. mineral occurence a. naturally occuring material from mineral/s of economic value can be extracted d 2. mineral deposit b. mineral deposit that has been tested and known to be profitable to mine b 3. ore deposit c. concentration of a mineral that is of scientific or technical interest e 4. aggregate d. mineral occurence of sufficient size and grade/concentration to enable extraction under favorable conditions a 5. ore e. rock or mineral materials used as fillers TYPES OF MINERAL DEPOSITS Metallic mineral deposits: gold, silver, copper, platinum, iron Nonmetallic resources: talc, fluorite, sulfur, sand, gravel ORIGIN OF MINERAL RESOURCES 1. MAGMATIC ORE DEPOSITS valuable substances concentrated within an igneous body through magmatic processes crystal fractionation (separate crystals from liquid) partial melting crystal settling (sinking of crystals because of greater density) MAGMATIC ORE DEPOSITS Magmatic processes can concentrate the ore minerals that contain valuable substances after accumulating elements that were once widely dispersed and in low concentrations within the magma  (higher viscosity) (lower concentration of silica, less viscous, less gas) 2. HYDROTHERMAL ORE DEPOSITS concentration of valuable substances by hot aqueous (water- rich) fluids flowing through fractures and pore spaces in rocks. 2. HYDROTHERMAL ORE DEPOSITS hydrothermal solutions hot, residual watery fluids derived during the later stages of magma crystallization may contain large amounts of dissolved metals can also originate from the ground water circulating at depth that is being heated up by a cooling and solidifying igneous body or along depths with known geothermal gradients. 2. HYDROTHERMAL ORE DEPOSITS a. vein type deposits b. disseminated deposits c. massive sulfide deposits  a. vein type deposits well defined zone of mineralization inclined, discordant, typically narrow mostly occur in fault or fissure opening or in shear zone “metalliferous” lode deposits gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, mercury a. vein type deposits b. disseminated deposits ore minerals are distributed as minute masses (very low concentration) through large volumes of rocks common for porphyry copper deposits. c. massive sulfide deposits (at oceanic spreading centers) Precipitation of metals as sulfide minerals such as sphalerite (ZnS) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) occur when hot fluids that circulated above magma chambers at oceanic ridges that may contain sulfur, copper, and zinc come in contact with cold groundwater or seawater as it migrate towards the seafloor 3. SEDIMENTARY ORE DEPOSITS Some valuable substances are concentrated by chemical precipitation coming from lakes or seawater (limestone and halite).  4. PLACER ORE DEPOSITS Deposits formed by the concentration of valuable substances through gravity separation during sedimentary processes. Usually aided by flowing surface waters (streams or along coastlines)  4. PLACER ORE DEPOSITS Common deposits are gold and other heavy minerals such as platinum, diamonds, and tin; The source rock for a placer deposit may become an important ore body if located  5. RESIDUAL ORE DEPOSITS results from the accumulation of valuable materials through chemical weathering processes volume of the original rock is greatly reduced by leaching  5. RESIDUAL ORE DEPOSITS Important factors for the formation of residual deposits include: parent rock composition, climate (tropical and subtropical: must be favorable for chemical decay) and relief (must not be high to allow accumulation). Top 10 main minerals 1. copper 2. platinum 3. iron ore 4. silver 5. gold 6. cobalt 7. bauxite 8. lithium 9. zinc 10. potash What are the minerals important to society? Look for things inside your house that use/contain the top ten (10) most commonly used minerals. Household Mineral Use items Ex: cellphone Lithium power battery cellphones ORIGIN OF MINERAL DEPOSITS 1. Magmatic Ore Deposits 2. Hydrothermal Ore Deposits 1. vein type deposits 2. disseminated deposits 3. massive sulfide deposits 3. Sedimentary Ore Deposits 4. Placer Ore Deposits 5. Residual Ore Deposits  Match Column A with Column B A B f a. Deposits in which the ore minerals are distributed as minute 1. magmatic ore deposits masses through large volumes of rocks. d 2. vein type deposits b. valuable substances are concentrated by chemical precipitation coming from lakes or seawater (limestone and halite). a 3. disseminated deposits c. formed by the concentration of valuable substances through gravity separation during sedimentary processes. e 4. massive sulfide deposits d. fairly well-defined zone of mineralization, usually inclined and discordant and typically narrow. b 5. sedimentary ore seposits e. Precipitation of metals as sulfide minerals at oceanic spreading centers c f. Valuable substances are concentrated within an igneous body 6. placer ore deposits through magmatic processe g 7. residual ore deposits g. results from the accumulation of valuable materials through