Investigation Of Major Or Serious Crime PDF

**THE INVESTIGATION OF MAJOR OR SERIOUS CRIME** **TABLE OF DOCUMENT DETAILS** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Title | | +===================================+===================================...

**THE INVESTIGATION OF MAJOR OR SERIOUS CRIME** **TABLE OF DOCUMENT DETAILS** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Title | | +===================================+===================================+ | Reference No | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Relevant Department or Group | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Ownership | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Document Author | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Approved by | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Approval Date | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Implementation Date | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | To be Reviewed Date | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Last Revised Date | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Quality Assured by | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Protective Marking | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Linked to other | | | | | | Standing Order | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Relevant Legislation | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Pages | | | | | | (including this page) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **TABLE OF CONTENTS** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | [Introduction](#Secti | [Page 01](#Section1) | [Section | | on1) | | 1](#Section1) | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | [Categorisation of | [[Page | [Section | | Investigations](#Sect | 01]](#Sec | 2](#Section2) | | ion2) | tion2) | | | [ ] | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | [[Category A -- Major | [[Page | [[Section | | Investigation]{.under | 01]](#Sec | 2.1]](#Se | | line}](#Section2_1) | tion2_1) | ction2_1) | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | [[Category B -- | [[Page | [[Section | | Serious | 02]](#Sec | 2.2]](#Se | | Investigation]{.under | tion2_2) | ction2_2) | | line}](#Section2_2) | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | [[Category C -- | [[Page | [[Section | | Significant | 03]](#Sec | 2.3]](#Se | | Investigation]{.under | tion2_3) | ction2_3) | | line}](#Section2_3) | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | [Category D - Routine | [[Page | [[Section | | Investigation](#Secti | 04]](#Sec | 2.4]](#Se | | on2_4) | tion2_4) | ction2_4) | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | [Appointed | [[Page | [Section | | Investigators of | 04]](#Sec | 3] | | Major and Serious | tion2_4) | | | Crime] | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | [Investigative | [[Page | [Section | | Standards](#Section3) | 0](#Section3)7]{.unde | 4] | | | rline} | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | [[Policy | [[Page | [Section | | Document] | 0](#Section4)7]{.unde | 5](#Section4) | | ](#Section4) | rline} | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | [Investigation risk | [[Page | [Section | | Management](#Section5 | 08]](#Sec | 6](#Section5) | | ) | tion5) | | | [ ] | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | [Administration of | [[Page | [Section | | Investigations](#Sect | 0](#Section6)9]{.unde | 7](#Section6) | | ion6) | rline} | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | [Reviews](#Section7) | [[Page | [Section | | | 11]](#Sec | 8](#Section7) | | | tion7) | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | [[Identification of | [[Page | [Section | | Suspect(s)]{.underlin | 12]](#Sec | 9](#Section8) | | e}](#Section8) | tion8) | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | [[Identification of | [] | [Section | | Linked | | 10](#Section9) | | Crime]](# | [Page 12](%5Cl) | | | Section9) | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | [] | [Page 13](#Section10) | [Section | | | | 11](#Section10) | | [Passive data | | | | generators](%5Cl) | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | [] | [[Page | [Section | | | 13]](#Sec | 12](#Section11) | | [Arrest of | tion11) | | | Suspects](%5Cl) | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | [[Other Investigative | [Page 15](#Section12) | [Section | | Matters]] | [ ] | 13](#Section12) | | (#Section12) | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | [[Investigation | [[Page | [Section | | set-up / | 15]](#Sec | 14](#Section13) | | Staffing] | tion13) | | | ](#Section13) | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | [[Abbreviations and | [[Page | | | Glossary] | 16]](#Abb | | | ](#Abbreviationsandgl | reviationsandglossary | | | ossary) | ) | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **1.** []{#Section1.anchor}**Introduction** 1.1 An organised and methodical approach is vital to the success of any investigation. The investigation of a major incident or a crime of serious nature requires the implementation of special arrangements. **2.** []{#Section2.anchor}**Categorisation of Investigations** []{#Section2_1.anchor}2.1 Category "A"\ [MAJOR INVESTIGATION ] - homicide - attempted homicide - infanticide - kidnapping - Terrorism offences. **\ **[]{#Section2_2.anchor}2.2 Category "B" - Involves the use of violence/ results to serious injuries to the victim. - Results in substantial financial loss for the victim or gain for the suspect. - Involves a large number of persons in pursuit of a common unlawful purpose. - Any offence for which even a person without any previous convictions could reasonably be expected to be sentenced to imprisonment for a term of three years or more. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - []{#Section2_3.anchor}2.3 Category "C" []{#Section2_4.anchor}2.4 Category "D" **3. Appointed Investigators for Major and Serious Crime** 3.1 [SENIOR INVESTIGATING OFFICER (SIO) LEAD INVESTIGATOR] SIOs should have knowledge of: - the criminal law and processes - the Victim's Code - the circumstances in which major crimes are committed - the ways in which offenders, witnesses and communities are likely to respond following the commission of a crime and during the investigation - policies relating to criminal investigation including Major Incident Room Procedures (MIR) - the principles of criminal investigation and supporting disciplines. SIO accreditation **3.2** [DEPUTY SENIOR INVESTIGATING OFFICER (DSIO) ] The DSIO could: - deputise in the absence of the SIO help to develop the investigative strategy - manage the logistics of the investigation - implement aspects of the investigative strategy **3.3** [STRATEGIC INVESTIGATOR (PIP4) ] Strategic investigators will: - set and agree parameters and responsibilities with the SIO. These should be recorded and reviewed in consultation with relevant command roles - provide regular updates to the gold commander on the progress of an investigation. This will support gold's strategic oversight and provide reassurance on how the investigation is being conducted - review the operational and strategic aspects of an investigation to provide additional capacity and expertise to investigative team(s). They will provide advice, guidance and will act as critical friend to the SIO, ensuring they have sufficient support to manage the investigation and support the SIOs personal welfare - meet regularly with the SIO to review the progress of the investigation. In most cases the PIP4 will attend the gold group in place of the SIO **4.** []{#Section3.anchor}**Investigative Standards** 4.1 Guidance contained in the Benchmarks for Investigative Standard and Related Considerations ([S.O CR 3](https://modgovuk.sharepoint.com/:w:/r/teams/25468/STANDING%20ORDERS%202023/Standing%20Orders%202023%20onward/CRIME%20INTELLIGENCE%20SAFEGUARDING/CRIME/CR%203%20.docx?d=wd0c949abeee14773a0ef23a8b65b3048&csf=1&web=1&e=7C5wpp)) should be considered in **[ALL]** investigations. 4.2 A Further Guidance contained in the [Major Crime Investigation Manual (MCIM 2021)](https://modgovuk.sharepoint.com/:b:/r/teams/25468/Police%20Forms/Orders,%20Policies%20and%20Contingency%20Plans/STANDING%20ORDERS%20NEW/Criminal%20Investigation/Major%20Crime%20Investigation%20Manual%20V1.0%20Nov%202021.pdf?csf=1&web=1&e=vQcx5b) should be considered for **all** **Serious and Major Crime Investigations.** **5.** []{#Section4.anchor}**Policy Document** 5.1 One of the most important aspects of the management of any investigation of serious crime is justification of relevant decisions made during the investigation. The systematic recording of the [**SIO's**](#SIO) or the **[IO's](#IO)** policies is therefore of paramount importance. The recording of why certain open lines of enquiry were pursued, or why they were not is critical and the detailed recording of decisions and the reasons for making decisions is absolutely necessary. **6.** []{#Section5.anchor}**Investigation Risk Management** 6.1 Police decision making is often complex. Decisions are required in difficult circumstances and are often made based on incomplete or contradictory information. In addition, police officers are sometimes required to make decisions in circumstances where those involved deliberately mislead or try to mislead them. It is, therefore, not surprising that sometimes the decision does not achieve the best outcome. 6.2 There is however an obligation on the police to identify, assess and manage risk to prevent or reduce the likelihood and impact of harm, damage to property or reputation, and to protect people's human rights. 6.3 In all cases, the National Decision Model should be applied. Using risk assessment tools, eg, impact versus likelihood, could assist the police to assess the level of risk, thereby potentially reducing the amount of harm caused. 6.4 Particular risk areas relating to investigations involve decisions relating to: - victims - witnesses - suspects - the general public - police employees and the police service - the emergency services - the local community - local businesses - the parameters of the investigation (eg, failing to keep the big picture in mind and taking too narrow a focus, or failing to assign sufficient time or resources) - evidence collection/presentation (eg, accepting information at face value, allowing evidence to be corrupted, weaknesses in taking statements or verifying particulars) - Individuals or groups of individuals (eg, exposing them to harm through not providing them with timely advice or information, failing to ensure that they attend court on time). **7.** []{#Section6.anchor}**Administration of Investigations** 7.1 A MIR should be initiated and Standardised Administrative Procedures ([S.O CR 5](https://modgovuk.sharepoint.com/:w:/r/teams/25468/STANDING%20ORDERS%202023/Standing%20Orders%202023%20onward/CRIME%20INTELLIGENCE%20SAFEGUARDING/CRIME/CR%205.docx?d=w9e5703c408e84564b6b2403f87396cfd&csf=1&web=1&e=6CvmiU)) implemented in a Category "A" major crime investigation. 7.2 The Div. Com., in consultation with the [CC](#CC) or his Deputy, will appoint a [SIO](#SIO). who should normally be the [DCM](#DCM). The Div. Com. will also appoint a Deputy [SIO](#SIO). and direct the MIR venue. 7.3 The [SIO](#SIO) will decide if it is appropriate to use the SBA Police computerised enquiry and recording system. A local card-index system should be also a consideration, depending upon the nature and scale of the incident under investigation. 7.4 [MIR](#MIR) minimum-staffing levels will include a [SIO](#SIO), an Office Manager, a Statement Reader, a Receiver, an Exhibit Officer, an Analyst and a number of typists, who will operate as indexers. Div. Com. will ensure that sufficient trained personnel are readily available to perform those duties (see [Major Incident Call Out list).](https://modgovuk.sharepoint.com/:w:/r/teams/25468/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc=%7BD2ABC7F1-F652-415F-BE71-A1D582ED7AD4%7D&file=20210927-MAJOR_INCIDENT_ROOM_CALLOUT.docx&action=default&mobileredirect=true) 7.5 Staffing of the MIR and enquiry teams will be left to the discretion and professional judgement of the [SIO](#SIO). 7.6 Mutual aid between Divisions should be considered in consultation with the [DCC](#DCC). 7.7 Throughout the duration of a major crime investigation, all personnel allocated to the enquiry will be the responsibility of the [SIO](#SIO) who will decide when and which officers are to return to normal duties. 7.8 When a major crime occurs, the [SIO](#SIO) will consult with the [DCC](#DCC) [ ] who will agree the category within which the investigation will be graded. The initial overtime and vehicle requirements will be sanctioned by the [SIO](#SIO) and the following criteria will apply: +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **[Category]{.underli | **[Proposed initial | **[Estimated | | ne}** | overtime hours | Value]** | | | allocation]{.underlin | | | | e}** | (Estimation based on | | | | cost of €21 per hour) | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | A | 2,000 | €42,000 | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | B | 1,500 | €31,500 | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | C | 500 | €10,500 | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ 7.9 The [SIO](#SIO) will make every effort to manage the entire investigation within the initial overtime allocation. In the event that an additional overtime allocation is necessary in furtherance of the investigation, the [SIO](#SIO) will make written application to the Chief Constable for approval. 7.10 The [SIO](#SIO) [ ] must ensure that there is proper co-ordination of outside enquiry teams, as well as effective management of victim, witness and suspect interview strategies. Arrangements should be also made to ensure that adequate [CID](#CID) supervision is maintained for matters not connected with the major/ serious crime incident. 7.11 The Deputy [SIO](#SIO), following direction and guidance by the [SIO](#SIO), will have responsibility for the preparation and submission of the evidential documents, disclosure issues, liaison with other authorities and follow-up enquiries. 7.12 The respective Deputy Div. Com. will liaise with the [SIO](#SIO) and arrange the resourcing of the [MIR](#MIR), management of overtime submissions, the acquisition of resources, transport requirements and technical equipment support. **8.** []{#Section7.anchor}**Reviews** 8.1 As an ongoing process, the [DCM](#DCM) will peruse all crime investigation files including serious investigations, provided that he is not the [SIO](#SIO) of the cases concerned. 8.2 Where the [AGLA](#AGLA) has discontinued proceedings either by entering a Nolle Prosequi or withdrawing the charges, or where there has been an acquittal or a finding of "not guilty" at Court, a review should be conducted on the directions of the Chairman of the Crime and Intelligence Steering Group. The latter should also appoint a reviewing officer for any such case the investigation of which ends with no positive result, i.e. Undetected. He may also direct a case review at any time from the commencement of an investigation that is of Major, Public or Force interest. Where appropriate, assistance from a UK Force for the review of a Major or serious case will be arranged by him with the authority of the [CC](#CC). 8.3 The [RO](#RO) will be issued with terms of reference which will include the following: i. ii. iii. a. b. c. d. e. iv. v. **9.** []{#Section8.anchor}**Identification of Suspect(s)** 9.1 - Show witnesses suspect photographs album(s), (unless of course identification is made when this process should cease). - Ensure there is an early force-wide crime circulation containing comprehensive details of suspect(s) descriptions and modus operandi. Consider Island wide and international circulation. - If appropriate, employ additional identification techniques, e.g. artist impression, video-fit etc. Experts of [CYPOL](#CYPOL) can be utilised upon authorisation. - Activate circulation of suspect description via [OIU](#OIU) bulletins, posters, externally via media etc. Liaison with Media Ops to be established when there is a consideration for developing a communications strategy. - Initiate early liaison with contacts which may have local knowledge e.g. Community Officer/ informers. - Ensure that all nominated suspects are thoroughly investigated/ eliminated. - Preserve and view CCTV footages (if available) and passive data) in general, covering location of crime and potential route of offender(s). Experts of CyPol may provide assistance if necessary. - Consider investigating absconders from prisons, persons in prison, on prison release, home leave, missing persons etc. - Alert airports and ports; consider stop listing re identified suspect(s), through a formal request made to CyPol. **10.** []{#Section9.anchor}**Identification of Linked Crime** 10.1 Research [OIU](#OIU) Data Base and SBAPS [CMS](#CMS) and [DOR](#DOR) in respect of similar detected/ undetected crime. 10.2 Ensure that full antecedents are recorded in the appropriate form with full suspect description/ detailed modus operandi in order to: a. b. 10.3 In order that crimes can be analysed and links made, ensure that the following material is made available to the [MIR](#MIR) analyst: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. **11.** []{#Section10.anchor}**Passive Data Generators** 11.1 Passive data generators are automated systems that gather and collate information for purposes unconnected with criminal investigation,but can be accessed by investigators. Examples include: - CCTV - ANPR - financial information - other digital images - computer-based electronic evidence - telecommunications information - customer information, including subscriber information. 11.2 What distinguishes passive data generators from other types of record keeping, such as patient records, is that they are automated and require no judgement on the part of the person making them. They are also stored in systems that require technical expertise to access them. **12.** []{#Section11.anchor}**Arrest of Suspect(s)** 12.1 Once a suspect has been identified, a strategy development approach can be adopted to gather material that will either implicate them in the offence or eliminate them. Every individual who falls within the suspect category must be treated in the same way. If there are specific reasons for not following the same procedure, these should be recorded in the crime report or policy file. When a suspect has been linked with the offence the next step is to come up with an arrest strategy. An investigator must decide whether the suspect can or should be arrested. The decision to deprive an individual of their freedom should not be taken lightly, and advice should be sought from the [AGLA](#AGLA) or [SCC](#SCC) if needed. 12.2 The way in which the identity of the suspect is discovered has a bearing on how and when an arrest should be made. If there is a choice, it is usually between making an early arrest and conducting a planned arrest. The decision about timing depends on a number of factors, which should be kept under continuous review. If the circumstances alter, the decision to make an immediate arrest or to delay it may have to be amended and the reasons for this recorded. **12.3 Factors to consider are:** - - - - 12.4 In all cases, the National Decision Model should be applied. In particular the investigator should expand on the Subject's Triangle (Intent -- Capability -- Identity). 12.5 The timing of an arrest provides the investigator with an opportunity to plan a search of the suspect's home address (or other premises linked to the suspect) and their vehicles. It may also provide opportunities to recover incriminating or corroborating material before it is altered, disposed of or destroyed. A search of a suspect's premises may also identify property from other offences, or intelligence which can be used to identify other offenders or associates. - - - - - - - **13.** []{#Section12.anchor}**Other Investigative Matters** 13.1 - Ensure identifiable stolen property is properly circulated. - Ensure that reasonable enquiries are made to trace stolen property including crime/ media circulation/ visits to likely places of disposal etc. - Consider intelligence-led DNA screening. - Consider need for specialist assistance. - Consider liaison with Chairman of the Crime and Intelligence Steering Group for advice on the range of specialist assistance available to the Investigating Officer. - Consider liaison with outside agencies e.g. telecommunication authorities etc. - Consider seeking advice from Chairman of Crime and Intelligence Steering Group regarding mentoring for the Division. **14.** []{#Section13.anchor}**Investigation Set-Up/ Staffing** 14.1 - - - []{#Abbreviationsandglossary.anchor}**Abbreviations and Glossary** []{#AGLA.anchor}***AGLA:** The Attorney General & Legal Adviser of SBA Administration.* []{#CC.anchor}***CC:** Chief Constable SBA Police.* []{#CID.anchor}***CID:** Criminal Investigation Department.* []{#CJPU.anchor}***CJPU:** Cyprus Joint Police Unit. The military Police of the British Forces in Cyprus.* []{#CMS.anchor}***CMS:** Crime Management System. An application of SBAP Computer Software for the recording and unique numbering of Police Investigation.* []{#CYPOL.anchor}***CyPol:** Cyprus Police.* []{#DCC.anchor}***DCC:** Deputy Chief Constable SBA Police.* []{#DCM.anchor}***DCM:** Divisional Crime Manager. Divisional Detective Inspector in-charge of CID.* []{#DIVCOM.anchor}***Div. Com:** Divisional Commander SBA Police.* []{#DOR.anchor}***DOR:** Daily Occurrence Record. An application of SBAP Computer Software for the recording of events.* ***DSIO:** Deputy Senior Investigating Officer* []{#IO.anchor}***IO.:** Investigating Officer. The appointed officer in-charge of a Police Investigation.* []{#MIR.anchor}*[**MIR**:]{.smallcaps} Major Incident Room**[.]{.smallcaps}*** []{#OIU.anchor}***OIU:** Operational Intelligence Unit.* []{#RO.anchor}***RO:** Reviewing Officer. The Detective Inspector in-charge of Divisional CID or the Divisional Detective Sergeant.* []{#SCC.anchor}***PIP: Professional Investigation Programme*** ***SCC:** Senior Crown Counsel SBA Administration.* ***SIO***[]{#SIO.anchor}***:** Senior Investigating Officer. The appointed Officer in-charge of a Serious or Major Investigation, normally an officer trained in the management of major or serious crime.* []{#SOCO.anchor}***SOCO:** Scene of Crime Officer. Specially trained officer to attend and examine scenes of crime and locate/establish, secure and gather relevant evidence.*