CpSc-21-Lab Ex. No. 1 Agronomic vs Horticultural Crops PDF

Exercise No. 1 Classification and Identification of Different Agronomic and Horticultural Crops Mary Ann Limbasan - Maskariño Laboratory Instructor  INTRODUCTION Classification systems for identification purposes ✓Classification of field crops: based...

Exercise No. 1 Classification and Identification of Different Agronomic and Horticultural Crops Mary Ann Limbasan - Maskariño Laboratory Instructor  INTRODUCTION Classification systems for identification purposes ✓Classification of field crops: based Family utilization or use food, feed, fiber wet or rainy season Season of growth (June to Nov.), dry season (Dec. to May) Life span annual, biennial, perennial  INTRODUCTION Importance of proper identification and classification of crops Knowing the plant’s morphological characteristics and growth habits allow the farmers on employing proper management practices for higher crop productivity ✓ help in identifying them for various purposes such as food, feed, fiber, fuel and medicine Learning Outcomes 1. classify crops according to use, growth habit, life span and light intensity requirements 2. identify and differentiate some agronomic and horticultural crops grown in the campus. 3. identify the scientific name of the common crops grown in the Philippines  Materials 1. Ballpen 2. Bond paper 3. Notebook  Procedure 1. Make a survey of the different field crops cultivated in VSU 2. Classify the identified crops by tabulating them under the following heading: category, family name, scientific name, primary economic use, growth habit, life span and light intensity. Refer to the table (next slide). 3. Familiarize the scientific name of the crops listed. 4. Prepare and submit scientific report.  Procedure *minimum of 20 crops per classification *wrong spelling is wrong *scientific names must be written properly ▪Which one is correct (if handwritten)? a) Oryza sativa L. b) oryza sativa L. c) Oryza sativa L. d) Oryza sativa L. e) Oryza sativa L.  Agronomic Classification Horticultural Classification 1. Cereal crops 1. Vegetable 2. Pulse/Legume crops 2. Fruit crop 3. Root crops 3. Industrial & Plantation crops 4. Tuber crops 4. Ornamental 5. Fiber crops 5. Specialty crops & spices 6. Sugar crops 7. Forage crops 8. Stimulant/Drug crops 9. Miscellaneous crops Agronomic classification agros = field ❖ Agronomy greek words nomos = management - branch of agricultural science that deals on field crops Grown on large scale Fruits are durable Majority are staple food and they are high in carbohydrates Zea mays L. Oryza sativa L.  Agronomic Classification 1. Cereal crops ꟷ grasses grown for their edible seeds called grains https://businessdiary.com.ph/ https://www.panaynews.net/ https://www.world-grain.com/ https://www.aces.edu/ Rice Corn / Maize (Oryza sativa L.) Adlai / Adlay Sorghum (Zea mays L.) (Coix lacryma–jobi L.) (Sorghum bicolor L.)  Agronomic Classification 1. Cereal crops ꟷ grasses grown for their edible seeds called grains Photo by: MALimbasan Millet Sorghum (Panicum miliaceum L.) (Sorghum bicolor L.)  Agronomic Classification 2. Legume or Pulse crops ꟷ pod-bearing plants, with root nodules & whose leaves are divided into leaflets https://www.dreamstime.com/ https://plantix.net/ https://greenpatchseeds.com.au/ Leaflet Mungbean Peanut (Vigna radiata L.) (Arachis hypogaea L.) Root nodules Trifoliate leaf  Agronomic Classification 2. Legume or Pulse crops ꟷ pod-bearing plants, with root nodules & whose leaves are divided into leaflets https://blog.agribegri.com/ https://nagabazaar.com/ https://www.feedipedia.org/ https://www.openaccessgovernment.org/ Soybean Cowpea (Glycine max) (Vigna unguiculata)  Agronomic Classification 3. Root crops ꟷ plants grown for their edible fleshy roots https://www.istockphoto.com/ https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/ https://www.healthbenefitstimes.com/arrowroot/ Cassava Sweetpotato Arrow root (Manihot esculenta L.) (Ipomoea batatas L.) (Maranta arundinacea)  Agronomic Classification 4. Tuber crops ꟷ grown for their short thickened underground stem http://www.stuartxchange.org/Gabi.html https://www.healthbenefitstimes.com/yautia/ Gabi / Taro Yautia (Colocasia esculenta) (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)  Agronomic Classification 4. Tuber crops ꟷ grown for their short thickened underground stem VS Gabi / Taro Yautia (Colocasia esculenta) (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)  Agronomic Classification 4. Tuber crops ꟷ grown for their short thickened underground stem http://www.epharmacognosy.com/ Ube (Dioscorea alata)  Agronomic Classification 5. Fiber crops – plants grown primarily for their fibers https://www.britannica.com/ https://inaturalist.ca http://soil-environment.blogspot.com/ ttps://crijaf.icar.gov.in/pdf/Jute_Varieties_110520.pdf Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Ramie Abaca Jute Pineapple (Boehmeria nivea) (Musa textilis) (Corchorus capsularis) (Ananas comosus)  Agronomic Classification 6. Sugar crops ꟷ grown for its sweet juices which sugar is extracted and crystallized https://wikihobby.net/ https://businessdiary.com.ph/ Sugarcane Sweet sorghum (Saccharum officinarum) (Sorghum bicolor)  Agronomic Classification 7. Forage crops ꟷ refers to vegetative matters, fresh or preserved and are utilized as feeds for animals https://www.feedipedia.org/ https://www.tagaloglang.com/ipil-ipil/ http://www.natureloveyou.sg/ https://techieoldfox.wordpress.com/ Kakawate Ipil-ipil Napier grass Guinea grass (Gliricidia sepium) (Leucaena leucocephala) (Pennisetum purpureum) (Panicum maximum)  Agronomic Classification 7. Forage crops ꟷ refers to vegetative matters, fresh or preserved and are utilized as feeds for animals https://capeyorknrm.com.au/ https://slate.com/ feedipedia.com Para grass Kudzu (Brachiaria mutica) (Pueraria montana)  Agronomic Classification 8. Stimulant or drug crops ꟷ grown for substances necessary in drug-making https://protection.bulagro.com/ https://extension.usu.edu/ Tobacco Marijuana (Nicotiana tabacum) (Cannabis sativa)  Agronomic Classification 9. Miscellaneous crops ꟷ include oil seed, oil crops, rubber, and vegetable crops https://www.britannica.com/ https://www.agmrc.org/ http://www.agrilearner.com/ Coconut Sunflower Canola (Cocos nucifera) (Helianthus annuus L.) (Brassica napus)  Let’s Review! AGRONOMIC CROPS Cereal Legume or Root Tuber Fiber Sugar Forage Stimulant or Miscellaneous crops Pulse crops crops crops crops crops crops drug crops crops Horticultural classification hortus = garden ❖ Horticulture Latin words cultura = cultivation - branch of agricultural science that deals on high-value, intensively cultivated food crops and ornamental plants Majority are perishables Income per unit is higher  Horticultural classification 1. Vegetable (Olericulture) ꟷ deals w/ the prod, storage, processing & marketing of vegetables ꟷ Further classified into: o leafy vegetables, cole crops/crucifers, legumes, solanaceous, cucurbits, tree vegetables  Horticultural classification 1. Vegetable (Olericulture) ❖Leafy vegetable Swamp cabbage/Kangkong Celery Alugbati (Ipomoea aquatica) (Apium graveolens) (Basella alba)  Horticultural classification 1. Vegetable (Olericulture) ❖Cruciferous vegetables part of the greater Brassicaceae, or Cabbage Cauliflower mustard family alternatively referred to as Brassica vegetables Broccoli (Brassica oleracea)  Horticultural classification 1. Vegetable (Olericulture) ❖Legumes String beans Winged bean Lima bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) (Phaseolus lunatus)  Horticultural classification 1. Vegetable (Olericulture) ❖Solanaceous (nightshade vegetables) Tomato Bell pepper Eggplant Hot pepper (Solanum lycopersicum) (Capsicum annuum) (Solanum melongena) (Capsicum frutescens)  Horticultural classification 1. Vegetable (Olericulture) ❖Cucurbits Bitter gourd Sponge gourd Bottle gourd Squash (Momordica charantia) (Luffa aegyptiaca) (Lagenaria siceraria) (Cucurbita maxima)  Horticultural classification 1. Vegetable (Olericulture) ❖Tree vegetables Drum stick tree/ Horse radish tree Himbabao/Alukon (Moringa oleifera) (Broussonetia luzonica)  Horticultural classification 2. Fruit crop (Pomology) ꟷ crops are classified into tree fruit (fruits borne on trees), nut fruit, and small fruit (fruit not borne on trees) Rambutan Mango Coconut Pineapple (Nephelium lappaceum) (Mangifera indica) (Cocos nucifera) (Ananas comosus)  Horticultural classification 3. Industrial and Plantation crops ꟷ grown to provide materials for ꟷ grown in large tracts of industrial processing and land under intensive production of biofuel, natural culture rubber, industrial oils, aromatic compounds, botanical pesticides, tannins, and dyes  Horticultural classification 3. Industrial and Plantation crops Image: cocoalembrance.wix.com/ https://world-crops.com/coffee-arabica/ britannica Cacao Coffee Sugarcane (Theobroma cacao) (Coffea arabica) (Saccharum officinarum)  Horticultural classification 4. Ornamental crops (Floriculture) ꟷ further classified based on the specific plant part aesthetically valued & on the form in which the plants are maintained/marketed flowering pot cut flowers cut foliage plants landscape plants Rose Fern Peace lily Song of India  Horticultural classification 4. Ornamental crops (Floriculture) ꟷ further classified based on the specific plant part aesthetically valued & on the form in which the plants are maintained/marketed Foliage plants Turf Philodendron Carabao grass Bermuda grass  Horticultural classification 5. Specialty crops and spices ꟷ crops grown to enhance the flavor and aroma of baked products and other food preparations  Let’s Review! Identify! Black pepper Amaryllis Onion (Piper nigrum) (Hippeastrum sp.) (Allium cepa) Specialty crop & spices Ornamental crop Specialty crop & spices  Let’s Review! Identify! Calamansi Pili nut Malunggay (Citrofortunella microcarpa) (Canarium ovatum) (Moringa oleifera) Fruit Fruit Vegetable  Let’s Review! HORTICULTURAL CROPS Vegetables Fruits Ornamentals Industrial & Plantation Specialty crops Leafy Crucifers Legumes Solanaceous Cucurbits Tree vegetables lettuce, cabbage, string beans, tomato, cucurbits, himbabao kangkong cauliflower winged beans eggplant chayote  Let’s Review! HORTICULTURAL CROPS Vegetables Fruits Ornamentals Industrial & Plantation Specialty crops Cutflowers Flowering Landscape Foliage Turf Cut foliage pot plants plants plants  Based on Growth Habit a) Herb – non-woody, succulent plants with self supporting stems (soft stems) b) Shrub – woody, multi-stem, less than 8ft tall c) Tree – with single central stem to which branches are attached, greater than 8ft tall d) Vines – without self supporting stems, with a growth habit of trailing or climbing  Let’s Review! Identify! Based on Growth Habit https://www.world-grain.com/ https://www.dreamstime.com/ https://www.feedipedia.org/ https://www.istockphoto.com/ https://www.tropicalforages.info/ Rice Mungbean Kakawate Cassava Centrosema (Oryza sativa L.) (Vigna radiata L.) (Gliricidia sepium) (Manihot esculenta L.) (Centrosema pubescens Herb Herb Tree Shrub Vines Based on Maturity/Life span a) Annual – plant grow, mature, flower, produce seeds & die in one growing season b) Biennial – a plant that requires 2 growing seasons (2 yrs) to complete their life cycle c) ) – live for more than 2 yrs c) Perennial  Let’s Review! Identify! Based on Maturity/Life span https://www.aces.edu/ https://www.permaculturenews.org/ https://shiatoshi.blogspot.com/ http://www.agrilearner.com/ Corn / Maize Carrots Rambutan Sunflower (Zea mays L.) (Daucus carota) (Nephelium lappaceum) (Helianthus annuus L.) Annual Biennial Perennial Annual Based on Light Intensity Requirements a. Heliophytes – sun loving (E.g. rice, corn, peanut, sugarcane, sunflower) b. Sciophytes – shade-loving (E.g. some orchids, aglaonema)  Let’s Review! Identify! Based on Light Intensity Requirements https://wikihobby.net/ pinterest.com https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/ Sugarcane Orchid Aglaonema (Saccharum officinarum) (Phalaenopsis aphrodite) (Aglaonema modestum) Heliophytes Sciophytes Sciophytes  Rice Corn / Maize Adlai / Adlay Sorghum (Oryza sativa L.) (Zea mays L.) (Coix lacryma–jobi L.) (Sorghum bicolor L.) A B C D  Millet Cowpea Soybean Mungbean (Panicum miliaceum) (Vigna unguiculata) (Glycine max) (Vigna radiata L.) A B C D  Peanut Sweet pepper Eggplant Okra Pechay (Arachis hypogaea L.) (Capsicum annuum) (Solanum melongena) (Abelmoschus esculentus) (Brassica rapa) A B C D E Questions to be Answered 1. Differentiate agronomic crops from horticultural crops. 2. Explain why some crops are categorized both agronomic and horticultural (Example: coconut) 3. What is the significance of knowing the family name of crops in crop production? 4. What is the importance of knowing the scientific name of crops? Group No Date submitted: Names: Deadline: Laboratory Instructor:. Photo documentation: A. Agronomic crops + 18 B. Horticultural crops + 19 LABEL Group No. Offering No. Name of the crop: Scientific name: Date collected: ▪ Deadline of Submission One week after the discussion ▪ Handwritten (short bond paper/A4) 1 inch margin all sides Next meeting Quiz (Exercise No. 1) Survey Seeds Collection