Classification of Crop Plants PDF

CLASSIFICATION OF CROP PLANTS TOPIC: Botanical System of Classification Agronomic Classification Horticultural Classification Descriptive Classification Ecological Classification  BOTANICAL SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION This system of classifying plants...

CLASSIFICATION OF CROP PLANTS TOPIC: Botanical System of Classification Agronomic Classification Horticultural Classification Descriptive Classification Ecological Classification  BOTANICAL SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION This system of classifying plants or crops utilizes 7 categories (Kingdom, Division, Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species): in many instances, an additional category (Variety) is needed. Using the botanical system of crop classification, the rice hybrid variety “Mestizo” can be classified as follows: Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Cyperales Family: Graminae Genus: Oryza Species: Sativa Variety: Mestiso  Agronomic It is also called Classification “field crops”. They are mostly annual herbaceous plants that are grown under extensive or large-scale culture.  1.Food Crops – plants grown for the harvesting of any part that is used by people as food or processed into food products. 2. Non-Food Crops – these plants are grown for the production of non-food products such as fiber, fodder and tobacco. 3. Staple crops – these are regularly consumed in a traditional diet and from which people obtain a major proportion of their energy and nutrient requirements. Example: rice, wheat, and corn. 4. Cereal or grain crops – are mainly annual, herbaceous plants belonging to the grass family (poaceae or graminae) that are grown for their seed or grains. Example: corn, millet, rice, sorghum, wheat. 5. Legume Seed Crops or Pulses – are leguminous plants (fabacea) that produce edible, protein-rich seeds. E.g. cowpea, peanut, and peas. 6. Root and Tuber crops – are plants with modified, swollen root or underground stem. These organs are rich sources of carbohydrate and are commonly used as staples, livestock feed, or as raw materials for industrial purposes. 7. Oil Seed Crops – plants grown for their seeds, which are rich source of edible and industrial oil. Example: oil palm, sunflower. 8. Sugar and Sweetener Crops – plants grown primarily for the production of sugar or other sweet-tasting products. Example: Sugar cane 9. Beverage Crops – beverage crops are plants that are source of various drinks including fruit juices. Example: coffee and tea. 10. Rubber Crops – the rubber crops are another major type of plants that are grown for the collection of latex which is processed into industrial product called rubber. 11. Fiber Crops – fiber crops are plants grown as sources of fiber used in making textiles, ropes, twine and similar materials. The fiber is extracted from the bark, leaves, or other organs including the husk of cotton, kenaf, Musa textilis (abaca). 1. Pasture and forage crops – are very essential varieties of plants. These plants are grown or managed as feed for grazing animals. Example: Napier grass Soilage crops are grasses grown, cut, and directly fed to animals. Silage crops are grasses grown, cut, fermented and preserved before being fed to animals.  HORTICULTURAL CROPS Horticultural crops have been referred to as garden crops and are annual and perennial plants that are grown under an intensive system of agriculture. 1.Vegetable Crops Vegetables are classified based on their edible parts. They are: a). Leafy vegetables b). Shoot vegetables c). Pod and Seed vegetables a). Leafy vegetables –are crops that are grown mainly for their leaves. Example: Lettuce, pechay and chine cabbage b). Shoot vegetables – are plants grown primarily for their edible shoot, mainly the young, succulent stem, Example: Asparagus and celery c). Pod and Seed Vegetables – are generally members of the Leguminosae or Fabaceae family, these plants are grown for their young pods and seeds. Example: Beans, Pigeon Pea, Cow Pea d). Root and bulb vegetables – are plants grown for their swollen underground roots and stems. Examples: carrot, potato, onion, radish and ginger e). Tree vegetables – Example: Malunggay f). Fruit vegetables –grown for their fleshy, succulent fruits. Examples:  Vegetables are also classified according to their families into the following groups: a. Cole crops or crucifers – these vegetables crops belong to the cruciferae or brassicaceae (mustard) family, they possess edible leaves. Examples: cabbage, cauliflower, mustard, broccoli b. Cucurbits – belong to the ground and squash family. They are grown mainly for their fruits but some edible young shots and flowers, also called vine crops. Examples: bottle gourd, cucumber, melons, squash, chayote. c. Legume vegetables – are the members of the leguminosae or fabaceae (bean) family. The seeds are rich in protein. Examples: pea and pole sitao d. Lilies – are members of the liliaceae (lily) family. Examples: asparagus, garlic, onion e. Solanaceous crops – belong to the solanaceae (nightshade family). also called fruit vegetables. examples: eggplant, tomato, peppers. IN ADDITION TO THESE, HORTICULTURAL CROPS INCLUDE a). Fruit and Nut b). Spices c). Essential Oil Crops Fruit crops The fruit crops and nuts are grown primarily for their edible fruits. the nut is simple, dry, indehiscent fruit with a hard outer covering. example is the cashew. It is convenient to classify fruit crops into three fruit, nut fruit, and small fruit. Tree fruit – fruit borne on trees. Majority of the crops belong to this category. example: mango, lanzones, durian and rambutan. Nut fruit – fruit borne on trees but enclosed by a stony structure. Examples: cashew, pili Small fruit – fruits not borne on trees. example: strawberry, pineapple, passion fruit and grapes Spice crops - are grown for the production of aromatic substances which are used as food flavoring, fragrance or preservative qualities. Spices are in sold or liquid forms. Examples: black pepper, garlic, hot pepper, onion, and turmeric. Essential oil crops - plants grown for the extraction of essential oils that are volatile, aromatic substance.  Ornamental and Other Plantation Crops Ornamentals - can be classified according to their special uses. The following classification is based on the specific plant part aesthetically valued and on the forms in which the plant is maintained or marketed. Cut flowers or florist crops - plants grown for their flowers. Examples: Gladiolus, Rose, daisy, callalily, carnation, chrysanthemum, anthurium.  Cut Foliage or Florist Green – A plant whose foliage provides background in floral arrangement. Example fern, palm and asparagus Flowering plants – plants grown in containers for their beautiful flowers. Examples are chrysanthemum, santan, and bougainvillea.  Landscape plants – these are plants used for landscaping purposes foliage plant – plants grown primarily for their attractive foliage. Example aglaonema  Turf – turf grasses are used for lawns or green. Examples: bermuda grass, carabao grass Medicinal and botanical pesticides – these are crops with curative, laxative or pesticidal properties. Example: lagundi and neem. DESCRIPTIVE CLASSIFICATION Mode of Reproduction Mode of Pollination. Life span Growth Habit Leaf Retention  MODE OF REPRODUCTION TWO MAJOR DIVISIONS SEXUAL PROPAGATION seed propagation ASEXUAL vegetative propagation PROPAGATION  MODE OF POLLINATION NATURALLY These plants have mechanisms that allow pollen to SELF fertilize their own ovules without needing pollen POLLINATED from another plant.. CROSS the process of applying pollen from one flower to POLLINATED the pistils of another flower. Pollination occurs in nature with the help of insects and wind..  ACCORDING TO LIFE SPAN plants that live within a short period of time, for a ANNUALS few weeks or months, perpetuated by seed and which die soon after producing seed plants that requires two growing season to complete its life cycle. The first the vegetative BIENNIALS growth and accumulation of food reserves, and the second for the production of reproductive parts. plants lives indefinitely, including all trees and shrubs. The perennials plants continue growing PERENNIALS and produce seeds after year, either from single plants or in herbaceous plants from succeeding growth.  ACCORDING TO GROWTH HABIT Herbs – succulent plants with self supporting stem. Vines – plants without self supporting stems. Shrubs – several main branches with no trunk and rarely grows higher than 5 meters. Tree – with single central stem to which branches are attached usually than taller than shrubs. Liana – a climbing woody vine, usually tropical.  ACCORDING TO LEAF RETENTION are those that maintain their leaves throughout the year. EVERGREEN Abscised leaves are PLANTS continually replaced by new flushes. are those which naturally shed DECIDUOUS off or lose leaves annually for PLANTS extended periods.  Ecological Adaptation and Habitat Major classes of plants are: Aquatic/ hydrophytic plants – adapted to growing in water or waterlogged soil. Epiphyte or epiphytic plants - grow above on another plants but is not parasitic, usually deriving only physical support from the host and obtaining nourishment from the air and other sources. Halophytes – grow in habitats excessively rich in salts or under saline conditions.  Ecological Adaptation and Habitat Lithophytes – are adapted to grow on rocks or in rocky terrain with little humus, absorbing nutrients from the atmosphere, rain, and decaying matter that accumulate on the rocks. Mesophytes - are terrestrial plants that are adapted to moderate conditions for growth, i.e., not too dry and not too wet (e.g. corn and most commercially-grown crops). Parasite of parasitic plants - are grown on another plant, which it takes part or all nourishment Saprophyte or saprophytic crops- grow on decaying matter, and it has no green tissue. This classification applies to the mushrooms, which are fungi. ANY QUESTIONS?