Cell Division Study Guide PDF

Cell Division Study Guide Why is it important that cells divide? -​ Growth -​ Repair -​ Reproduction Cell Cycle- The process by which cells replicate and divide. 2 parts of the Cell Cycle -​ Interphase -​ Mitosis(M phase) Interphase- This is where the cell spends the majority of...

Cell Division Study Guide Why is it important that cells divide? -​ Growth -​ Repair -​ Reproduction Cell Cycle- The process by which cells replicate and divide. 2 parts of the Cell Cycle -​ Interphase -​ Mitosis(M phase) Interphase- This is where the cell spends the majority of its life. Normal cell functions occur here and growth will occur to prepare the cell for division during mitosis. 3 parts of Interphase 1.​ G1: Cell Growth (Gap 1)-The cell grows and performs its functions like metabolism and functions of the tissues in the body. 2.​ S: DNA Synthesis- When given signals to divide, then the cell moves into S phase. Genetic material is copied. 3.​ G2: Cell Growth (Gap 2)- The cell grows and prepares for division. Increases the volume of the cytoplasm and copies organelles so that when it splits each cell will have the same ones. Mitosis- Mitosis is a type of cell division in which one cell (the parent) divides to produce two new cells (daughter cells) that are genetically identical to itself. Mitosis occurs in body cells. -​ Mitosis is the part of the division process in which the DNA of the cell's nucleus is split into two equal sets of chromosomes. Interphase- The beginning of the cell cycle. During this stage, the cell grows and copies its DNA. Prophase- The first phase of Mitosis. The nuclear membrane dissolves and chromosomes form. (The prefix pro- means “before, in front of”. This is the first phase of mitosis, so it comes before the others.) Metaphase- The second phase of Mitosis. The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell attached to the spindle fibers. (To remember this phase, think of how the chromosomes “met” in the middle.) Anaphase- The third phase of Mitosis. The spindle fibers pull apart the chromosomes and each side moves to opposite ends of the cell. (To remember anaphase, think about how the chromosomes pulled apart/away!) Telophase- The last phase of Mitosis. The cell BEGINS to divide and the nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes. (You can remember telophase like “two” for two nuclei.) Cytokinesis- The last stage of the Cell Cycle. The cytoplasm SPLITS into 2 and the result is two daughter cells. These cells are identical to the parent cell that we started with. Meiosis- Make reproductive cells that carry half the genetic material of the parent. In meiosis, one cell becomes four NON-IDENTICAL cells Number of Chromosomes in Mitosis vs. Meiosis Mitosis= 46 chromosomes Meiosis= 23 chromosomes Helpful ways to remember this information Stages of Mitosis: Pass(Prophase) Me(Metaphase) A(Anaphase) Taco(Telophase) Stages of Cell Cycle I (Interphase) Peed (Prophase) Myself (Metaphase) At (Anaphase) Target (Telophase) Checkout (Cytokinesis) Mitosis Hand Motions: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CKyO2p_L38w