Cell Division Study Guide
28 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Why is it important that cells divide?

  • Growth (correct)
  • Repair (correct)
  • Reproduction (correct)
  • All of the above

What is the process by which cells replicate and divide called?

Cell cycle

What are the two main parts of the cell cycle?

  • Interphase and Mitosis (correct)
  • Mitosis and Meiosis
  • Prophase and Anaphase
  • None of the above

During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the majority of its life?

<p>Interphase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three sub-phases of Interphase?

<p>G1, S, and G2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the G1 phase of Interphase, the cell performs its functions like metabolism and functions of the tissues in the body.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the S phase of Interphase, genetic material is copied.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the G2 phase of Interphase, the cell increases the volume of the cytoplasm and copies organelles.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell division occurs in body cells?

<p>Mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mitosis produces two new cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mitosis is the process in which the DNA of the cell's nucleus is split into two equal sets of chromosomes.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first phase of Mitosis?

<p>Prophase</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the nuclear membrane during prophase?

<p>It dissolves</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do chromosomes form during prophase?

<p>They form</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second phase of Mitosis?

<p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the chromosomes line up during metaphase?

<p>In the middle of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the chromosomes attached to during metaphase?

<p>Spindle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pulls the chromosomes apart during anaphase?

<p>Spindle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

During telophase, the cell begins to divide.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the last stage of the cell cycle?

<p>Cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cytokinesis results in two daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells does meiosis produce?

<p>Reproductive cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

In meiosis, one cell becomes four non-identical cells.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes do human cells have?

<p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes do human reproductive cells have?

<p>23</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a helpful way to remember the stages of Mitosis?

<p>Pass (prophase), Me (metaphase), A (anaphase), Taco (telophase)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a helpful way to remember the stages of the cell cycle?

<p>I (interphase), Peed (prophase), Myself (metaphase), At (anaphase), Target (telophase), Checkout (cytokinesis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can you find a video of Mitosis hand motions?

<p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CKyO2p_L38w">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CKyO2p_L38w</a></p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Why is cell division important?

Cell division is essential for growth, repair, and reproduction in living organisms. It allows organisms to increase in size, replace damaged cells, and produce offspring.

Cell Cycle

The cell cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication). It involves a tightly regulated sequence of growth, DNA replication, and division.

Interphase

Interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle where a cell grows, carries out its normal functions, and replicates its DNA in preparation for division. It's a period of active growth and preparation for division.

Mitosis

Mitosis is the process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells where the replicated chromosomes are separated into two identical daughter nuclei.

Signup and view all the flashcards

G1 (Gap 1) Phase

In the G1 phase, the cell grows and carries out its everyday functions like metabolism and protein synthesis. It's a period of normal cell growth and activity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

S Phase (DNA Synthesis)

The S phase is when the cell replicates its DNA. Each chromosome is duplicated, ensuring that the daughter cells will receive a complete set of genetic information.

Signup and view all the flashcards

G2 (Gap 2) Phase

In the G2 phase, the cell continues to grow and prepares for mitosis. It synthesizes proteins and organelles necessary for division.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Prophase

The first and longest phase of mitosis. The replicated chromosomes condense and become visible. The nuclear envelope breaks down, and the spindle fibers begin to form.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Metaphase

The chromosomes line up along the equator (middle) of the cell. The spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of each chromosome.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anaphase

The sister chromatids (identical copies of each chromosome) are pulled apart by the spindle fibers to opposite poles of the cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Telophase

The final stage of mitosis where the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell. The nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes, and the spindle fibers disappear.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cytokinesis

The process of dividing the cytoplasm and organelles of the parent cell into two separate daughter cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Daughter Cells

The two new cells produced after mitosis or meiosis. They are genetically identical to the parent cell (in mitosis) or have half the genetic material (in meiosis).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Meiosis

A type of cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) which have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This process involves two rounds of nuclear division.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Number of chromosomes in mitosis

In mitosis, a cell with 46 chromosomes (diploid) will divide into two daughter cells, each also containing 46 chromosomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Number of chromosomes in meiosis

A cell with 46 chromosomes (diploid) will divide into four daughter cells, each containing 23 chromosomes (haploid).

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are gametes?

Gametes are reproductive cells (sperm and egg cells) that are produced by meiosis. They are haploid, meaning they have half the number of chromosomes as other body cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is a chromosome?

A chromosome is a thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins that carries the genetic information of an organism.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Mitosis is the process of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells from a single parent cell. Meiosis is the process of cell division that produces four non-identical daughter cells (gametes) from a single parent cell and reduces the chromosome number by half.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Haploid

A cell with half the number of chromosomes as a normal body cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diploid

A cell with the normal number of chromosomes. Each chromosome has a pair.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the purpose of the spindle fibers in mitosis?

The spindle fibers are microtubule structures that attach to the chromosomes and pull them apart during anaphase, ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What happens to the nuclear envelope during mitosis?

The nuclear envelope breaks down during prophase allowing the chromosomes to be accessed by the spindle fibers. It reforms around each set of chromosomes during telophase.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the role of the centromere?

The centromere is a specialized region on a chromosome that serves as the attachment point for the spindle fibers during cell division. It holds the sister chromatids together.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the difference between prophase and metaphase?

Prophase is the initial stage where chromosomes condense and become visible. Metaphase is when the condensed chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, ready to be pulled apart.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the importance of cytokinesis?

Cytokinesis is crucial for completing cell division, splitting the cytoplasm into two daughter cells, ensuring each daughter cell has its own organelles and resources to function independently.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the key differences between mitosis and cytokinesis?

Mitosis is the division of the nuclear material (chromosomes) into two identical sets. Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm and organelles into two separate daughter cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Cell Division Study Guide

  • Importance of Cell Division: Cells divide for growth, repair, and reproduction.

Cell Cycle

  • Definition: The process by which cells replicate and divide.
  • Parts:
    • Interphase
    • Mitosis (M phase)

Interphase

  • Definition: The majority of a cell's life cycle is spent in interphase. Normal cell functions and growth to prepare the cell for division occur in this phase.
  • Parts:
    • G1 (Gap 1): Cell growth and performs functions like metabolism and body tissue.
    • S (Synthesis): DNA synthesis; genetic material is copied.
    • G2 (Gap 2): Cell further grows and prepares for division, increasing cytoplasm volume and copying organelles so each new cell receives a copy of the necessary structures.

Mitosis

  • Definition: A type of cell division where one parent cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. It's crucial for growth and repair in body cells.
  • Stages:
    • Prophase: The first phase of mitosis, the nuclear membrane dissolves, and chromosomes form.
    • Metaphase: Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell, attached to spindle fibers.
    • Anaphase: Spindle fibers pull apart the chromosomes, and each side moves to opposite ends of the cell.
    • Telophase: The cell begins to divide, and nuclear membranes form around each set of chromosomes.
  • Cytokinesis: The final stage of the cell cycle where cytoplasm splits, resulting in two identical daughter cells, which have the same genetic information as the parent cell.

Mitosis vs. Meiosis

  • Meiosis: Creates reproductive cells with half the genetic material of the parent cell (four non-identical cells).
  • Mitosis: Creates identical body cells with identical genetic material relative to the parent cell(two identical cells).
  • Chromosome Number:
    • Mitosis: 46 chromosomes
    • Meiosis: 23 chromosomes

Helpful Mnemonic Devices

  • Mitosis Stages:
    • Pass (Prophase)
    • Me (Metaphase)
    • A (Anaphase)
    • Taco (Telophase)
  • Cell Cycle Stages: Use the mnemonic "Interphase, Peed, Myself, At, Target, Checkout" to Remember I(Interphase), P(Prophase), M(Metaphase), A(Anaphase), T(Telophase), C(Cytokinesis)

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Cell Division Study Guide PDF

Description

Explore the vital processes of cell division, including the cell cycle and phases of mitosis. This study guide covers key concepts like interphase, DNA synthesis, and the significance of cellular reproduction. Perfect for biology students wanting a quick review!

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser