Cell Organelles HBio - Student Copy PDF

Cell Organelles Bio Honors  Cell Theory 1. All living things are made up of one or more cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things Cells → Tissue → Organs → Systems → Organism 3. Cells come from pre-exsisting cells (test!) 1. Nu...

Cell Organelles Bio Honors  Cell Theory 1. All living things are made up of one or more cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things Cells → Tissue → Organs → Systems → Organism 3. Cells come from pre-exsisting cells (test!) 1. Nucleus Function: – control center of the cell – contains chromosomes (DNA) Only eukaryotes have nuclei Prokaryotes (bacteria) don’t have nuclei  Parts: 1. Nuclear envelope- double membrane 2. Nuclear pore-regulates what goes in/out of the nucleus 3. Nucleolus-produces ribosomes  2. Mitochondria Function: Creates energy (ATP molecules) by process of cellular respiration Semi-autonomous: Contains its own DNA and ribosomes Parts: – Cristae: folds of the inner membrane (increase surface area) – Matrix: Fluid inside  3. Endoplasmic Reticulum Two types: Smooth (SER) and Rough (RER) Function: – SER: makes lipids – RER: produce and transports proteins Parts: Lumen (storage space inside ER)  4. Ribosomes Function: production of proteins (translation) Two types: – Free ribosomes: found in cytoplasm – bound ribosomes: attached to Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Parts: Made up of proteins and rRNA  5. Golgi Apparatus Function: packages and sends materials within the cell or outside the cell Parts: vesicles (tiny bubbles used to transport materials)  6. Lysosomes Function: – Contains digestive (acidic) enzymes – Helps in fighting disease – Breakdown and digests old/foreign material 7. Cytoskeleton Functions: – Holds cell structure – transports materials Types: – Microfilament (thinnest) – microtubule (thickest)  Examples: – Cilia: small/numerous hair-like structures – Flagella: long/few tail-like structures used for movement – Centrioles: used for cell division in animal cells. Common examples of Microtubules All the organelles above are in both plant and animal cells. Organelles are only found in plant cells are: – Chloroplast – Vacuole – Cell Wall 8. Chloroplast Function: Produces glucose for plants (photosynthesis) Semi-autonomous: Contains its own DNA and ribosomes. Parts: – Thylakoid (pancake) – Granum (stack of pancake) – Stroma (syrup) 9. Vacuole Function: – Stores water, food, and wastes – Can take up 80% of cell’s volume (start off as several small vacuoles and later mature into one large vacuole. 10. Cell Wall Functions: – Keeps out of harmful substances – Prevents cell from bursting Location : Outside the cell membrane of plant and bacteria cells test: what organelles are found in a plant cell btu not animal? Vacuole, cell wall, and chloroplast Bacteria vs. Plant vs. Animal Organelles Bacteria Plant Animal Cell Wall + + - Cell Membrane + + + Endoplasmic Reticulum - + + Microtubules - + + Centrioles - - + Golgi Apparatus - + + Nucleus - + + Mitochondria - + + Chloroplast - + - Chromosome/DNA + + + Ribosomes + + + Lysosomes - + + Large Central Vacuole - + -