Biology Review Answers PDF

Name _______________________​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ SNC2P Biology Review Matching A)​ Light source K)​ Fine adjustment knob U)​ Cell Theory EE)​Circulatory system B)​ Respi...

Name _______________________​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ SNC2P Biology Review Matching A)​ Light source K)​ Fine adjustment knob U)​ Cell Theory EE)​Circulatory system B)​ Respiratory System L)​ White blood cells V)​ Objective lenses FF)​Epithelial tissue C)​ Mitochondria M)​ Coarse adjustment knob W)​ Body tube GG)​ platelets D)​ Nucleus N)​ Organelle X)​ Mutation HH)​Mitosis E)​ Vacuole O)​ Chromosomes Y)​ Digestive System II)​ Veins F)​ Cytokinesis P)​ Cilia Z)​ Red blood cells JJ)​ Arteries G)​ Daughter cells Q)​ DNA AA)​Plasma KK)​Capillaries H)​ Interphase R)​ Diaphragm BB)​Connective tissue LL)​Prophase I)​ Telophase S)​ Cell membrane CC)​Muscle tissue MM)​ Anaphase J)​ Ocular lens T)​ Respiration DD)​Nerve tissue NN)​Metaphase OO)​ Nervous System Answer Column A V 1.​ Magnifies the object on a microscope. E 2.​ Stores water, wastes, and other substances inside a cell. L 3.​ Infection-fighting blood cells P 4.​ Detects movement or moves to create a current in the surrounding liquid around a cell. O 5.​ Large molecules that carry genetic information. X 6.​ A random change in a cell’s genetic information. GG 7.​ Blood cell that aids in clotting. S 8.​ Supports the cell and allows some substances to move in and out of the cell. M 9.​ The adjustment knob that is NOT used with medium or high power objective lenses C 10.​An organelles that produces energy for the cell HH 11.​Division of a cell’s cytoplasm and organelles. Y 12.​A group of organs that break down and absorb nutrients from food and liquids BB 13.​tissue composed of living cells and non-living materials that supports, protects and connects the body’s organs. MM 14.​The part of the cell cycle when the chromosomes are pulled toward opposite sides of the cell. NN 15.​Chromatids lined up along the equator of the cell in cell division G 16.​The name of the new cells once a cell divides. LL 17.​The part of the cell cycle that includes growth of the cell and preparation for division. JJ 18.​Carries blood away from the heart under pressure CC 19.​Tissue made up cells that shorten or contract to allow movement DD 20.​Organized cells that transmit signals and control movement and function KK 21.​Allows the exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes between the blood an the body tissues. B 22.​Takes in oxygen from the air and removes carbon dioxide from the body. II 23.​Carries blood toward the heart under low pressure. Z 24.​Blood cell that transports oxygen to the body FF 25.​Tissue that covers surfaces and lines internal organs. Name _______________________​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ SNC2P 1.​ Explain why cells divide as an organism grows, rather than just getting larger. (2.2, 2.3) Cells cannot get too large because diffusion and osmosis would not be optimal and as a result the cell would not be in balance. The cell membrane would not be able to hold the amount of cytoplasm and organelles in the cell together, it would burst. 2.​ Describe the differences between a benign tumour and a malignant tumour. Which one is more dangerous? Explain why. Benign tumor is a growth of cells that do not harm other cells around it. So it is not cancerous. Malignant tumors are groups of cells that damage the cells around it and the malignant cancer cells can spread throughout the body 3.​ Describe the difference between cytokinesis and mitosis. Mitosis is the division of the chromosomes within the cell and cytokenesis is the separation of the cytoplasm and organelles into two daughter cells. 4.​ Describe the function of red blood cells and nerve cells. Red blood cell deliver O2 to muscles and bring CO2 back to the lungs to get rid dof. Nerve cells are using signals to inform the brain what to do and make a response. 5.​ Draw and briefly describe the phases of mitosis. Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase Prophase: Duplication of Chromosome and chromosomes are thicker and coiled. Nuclear membrane dissolves Metaphase: The chromosome are lined up by the centrosomes on the equator of the spindles (middle of the cell) Anaphase: The spindles start to pull the chromosome apart so they goo to the opposite ends of the cell. Telophase: The nuclear membrane starts to enclose around the chromosomes. Two cells are ready to be separated completely during Cytokenesis. 6.​ What states that the basic unit of living things is the cell? Cell Theory 7.​ Where is the cell’s genetic information found? DNA is found in the nucleus of the cell. 8.​ A cell with 22 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will be in each cell that is produced Each daughter cell will have 22 chromosomes Name _______________________​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ SNC2P 9.​ List three reasons why cells divide. Cells divide to for repair, regrowth and reproduction 10.​ Explain the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction is when there is one parent. This occurs in strawberry plants and some simple bugs. Cloning of genetic makeup. Sexual reproduction is when there are two parents that give chromosomes to the new cell. The new cell has genetic make up from both parents. 11.​List three stages of the cell cycle. Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokensis 12.​Why are carcinogens harmful to cells? Provide an example of a carcinogen. They can cause a mutation of the cell DNA. Eg some chemicals used for fertilizing food. 13.​Skin cell divide frequently, making new cells. What has to happen to the chromosomes in a skin cell each time it divides? The chromosomes are dividing equally with the daughter cells. 14.​Identify these specialized cells from the descriptions of their functions (p.55). Cells that move bones - Ligament Cells Cells that cover the body and help keep moisture inside - Skin Cells Cells that distribute oxygen and remove carbon dioxide - Blood Cell Cells that transmit electrical signals from the brain - Nerve Cell 15.​Name three organ systems and their functions. Circulatory, Respiratory, Digestive Systems Draw a sketch of each one. Name _______________________​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ SNC2P 16.​How does connective tissue differ from other tissues? Connective tissues hold the bones together, blood brings nutrients to other parts of the body. 17.​Describe the difference between smooth and striated muscles. Striated muscles are muscles that are moved voluntarily - You can make them move. Weight training. Smooth muscles do not move voluntarily - you have no control. Eg. throat swallowing. Peristalsis in the intestines, moving food 18.​How are stem cells different from other body cells? Describe an obstacle that stands in the way of stem cell therapy. Stem cells are found in bone marrow and the placenta. These cells are very newly generated cells so they are not specialized so they can be used to become any type of cell that is needed. 19.​List the biological levels of organization in order. Cells → Tissues → Organs → System 20.​What kind of muscle causes the heart to beat? What makes this kind of muscle different from the muscles in the digestive system? The heart is made up of cardiac cells. THese cells are conductive. They can transmit an electrical pulse 21.​Describe how the respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems work together to provide our cells with essential materials. The blood in the circulatory system needs to get oxygen from the respiratory system. The digestive system sends nutrients to the body in the blood of the circulatory system. They all need to work together to keep the body functioning. 22.​Name the four major types of tissue in the human body. Give an example of where in the body you would find each of the four major types of tissues. Connective Tissue - Ligaments and tendons on bones Epithelial Tissue - Skin or sheath around organs Muscle Tissue - Striated and smooth muscles in the body Nerve Tissue - Brain and spinal cord