SNC2D1 Grade 10 Academic Science Exam Review Unit 2 Answers PDF

SNC2D1 - Grade 10 Academic Science Unit 2: Biology 1. Match the correct cell structures with the functions. cell membrane cytoplasm mitochondrion ribosome cytoskeleton Golgi body nucleus lysosome nu...

SNC2D1 - Grade 10 Academic Science Unit 2: Biology 1. Match the correct cell structures with the functions. cell membrane cytoplasm mitochondrion ribosome cytoskeleton Golgi body nucleus lysosome nucleolus chromosomes nuclear membrane vacuoles rough endoplasmic reticulum Cell Structure Functions Nucleus Controls all cells activities Nucleolus Makes ribosomes Cytoplasm Contains organelles and other life-supporting materials, such as sugar and water Mitochondria Supply the energy Lysosomes Digestions (break down dead organelles / bacteria) take place. Cytoskeleton Helps maintain the cell’s shape. Vacuoles Store nutrients, waste and other substances used by the cell. Rough endoplasmic A series of interconnect tubes that carry materials through the cells reticulum Nuclear membrane Protects the contents of the nucleus Chromosomes Contains the genetic information of the cell Cell membrane A protective barrier around the cell. Ribosomes The sites where proteins are made. Golgi bodies Sorts and packages proteins. 2. Fill in the blanks. anaphase cytokinesis interphase metaphase mitosis prophasetelophase a) interphase The longest stage in the cell cycle. b) cytokinesis The cytoplasm and organelles of the cell are being divided. c) metaphase The chromatids line up across the centre (equator) of the cell. d) telophase A nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes. e) anaphase The chromosomes are moving towards the poles of the cell. f) interphase Chromosomes are replicated. g) prophase The chromosomes thicken and the nuclear membrane starts to dissolve. h) Mitosis The nuclear material is divided into two equal parts. Page 1 of 6 SNC2D1 - Grade 10 Academic Science 3. Label the cell. 4. Label the diagram below. anaphase, cytokinesis, metaphase, prophase, telophase Page 2 of 6 SNC2D1 - Grade 10 Academic Science 5. The process in which substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration until they are equally distributed is called diffusion. 6. The process in which water molecules move from an area of high water concentration to low water concentration is called osmosis. 7. Use proper terminology to explain what would happen to the cell if an animal cell is placed in a: a) hypotonic solution Water concentration outside the cell is greater than that inside the cell, so the water moves inside the cell. This may cause the cell to burst, known as lysis. i) isotonic solution Water concentration inside the cell equal the water concentration outside the cell, so equal amounts of water move in and out of the cell. j) hypertonic solution Water concentration inside the cell is greater than outside the cell, so water moves out of the cell. This may cause the cell to shrink, known as plasmolysis 8. Animal cells that can differentiate into specialized cells are called stems cells. 9. Plant cells that can differentiate into specialized cells are called meristematic cells. 10. The process by which a cell becomes specialized to perform a specific function is called cell differentiation. 11. What are the products of: a) photosynthesis sugar and oxygen k) cellular respiration water and carbon dioxide Page 3 of 6 SNC2D1 - Grade 10 Academic Science 14. Label the diagram below. 15. Name the parts of the digestive system to match the functions. Structure Function small intestine Absorb nutrients into the bloodstream esophagus Moves the food from the mouth to the stomach anus Wastes exit the body gall bladder Stores chemicals and bile from the liver stomach Churns food and bathes it in strong acid large intestine Absorb water from undigested food pancreas Produces insulin that controls the absorption of sugar into body’s cell liver Produces bile that helps break down fats in food goblet cell Produce mucus to protect stomach from acids and digestive enzymes Page 4 of 6 SNC2D1 - Grade 10 Academic Science 16. Label the diagram below. 17. Label the following diagram using the key term provided. Page 5 of 6 SNC2D1 - Grade 10 Academic Science 18. Name the structures that match the functions or descriptions below. Structure Function or Description trachea Carries air to bronchi rings of cartilage Keep trachea open to allow air to flow easily epiglottis Prevent food from entering trachea cilia Move mucus up toward throat and nose, carrying foreign particles diaphragm Contracts and relaxes to help move air in and out of lungs mucus Trap dirt, dust particles and some bacteria goblet cell Produces mucus bronchiole Carries air to alveoli in lung bronchus Carries air to lungs larynx Contains the vocal cords nasal cavity Filters, warms and moistens incoming air alveoli Gas exchange happens here 19. Use the diagram below to explain the mechanism of breathing. Breathe in: rises / up and out / contracts, down Breathe out: lowers / down and in / relaxes, up Page 6 of 6