Media Literacy Concept of Media Notes PDF

*Media Literacy* Concept of media notes Importance of media 1. To get updated knowledge or information about technical,political, educational, art, business and other various disciplines etc related to personal life. 2. It helps to develop personality e.g. various role models are always helpful...

*Media Literacy* Concept of media notes Importance of media 1. To get updated knowledge or information about technical,political, educational, art, business and other various disciplines etc related to personal life. 2. It helps to develop personality e.g. various role models are always helpful for improving our life. 3. To spread advertisements about products and other public services. 4. It helps to get an idea for preparation about our future and career etc. 5. For personal life it helps to get in touch with the entire world by delivering information regarding various incidents, events etc. Without media people will remain utterly unknown to the things going around them now people are able to get information easily through social media on mobile. 6.Media acts as the senses for people nowadays to check every update on news and social networking sites. 7.Social media helps people to get contact in real life for example various information about laptops, iPhones, tablets etc. 8.Media is like a mirror to the Government questioning it's decisions exposing injustice, managing public opinion. 9.Media helps in entertainment for example variety daily soaps, series cinemas drama etc. 10.Media educates the society e.g. during the corona pandemic the Government had provided information about precautions, medicines, vaccines etc. Various forms of mass media or various opportunities available for making a career in mass media Print media-newspapers books, pamphlets, magazines etc Recordings- gramophone, records, magnetic tapes, cassettes, cartridges, CDs DVDs etc. Cinema including documentary films Radio Television Internet including blogs, podcasts, websites etc Mobile phones Social media including Facebook, Twitter, Instagram etc Reason for learning journalism Rewarding career Broaden your network Social prestige Travel and gain new experiences Ample career opportunities Social networking Glamour Brings creativity Gain skills Freelancing Media literacy The main purpose of media literacy is to encourage the people to ask questions about what they watch, hear and read e.g. videos, video games, photographs, audio messages etc. Importance of media literacy 1. It is a tool for helping the people to develop receptive media capability for critical analysis of messages. 2. It offers opportunities for learners to broaden their experience of media 3.To increase creative skills in making their own media messages 4.To identify author for the purse and point of you examining constructive techniques 5.To examine patterns of media representation detecting, propaganda, censorship and bias or partiality in news, public affairs, programming, examining reasons for them 6. It may help to explore how structural features such as media ownership or its funding model affect the information presented either in newspaper or channels by political parties and leaders 7.Goals might include developing the habits and skills to access,analyze, evaluate, create and act using all forms of communication. 8.Education about media literacy can begin in early childhood by developing the knowledge around them by asking questions about various concepts and skills. 9.In adulthood or youth, the use of learning media literacy will be impactful in identification about ethical and technical standards in media. 10.Media literacy sometimes addresses the negative dimensions of media including media manipulation, misinformation, gender and racial stereotypes, violences, sexual harassments of children, loss of privacy, cyberbullying and internet predators etc 11.Media literacy encourages critical thinking and self expression enabling citizens to use democratic rights. It also enables them to understand and contribute to public discourse (public opinion) and to make sound decisions while electing their leaders. 12.Nowadays use of mobile devices by children is increasing significantly so it is relevant to investigate the level of advertisement literacy of parents who interact as a mediator between children and mobile advertisement. Role of media in nation building 1. It helps to bring out the hidden talent in people. Children learn many good things through media, their reading habits increases, vocabulary enhances by learning new words, watching geographical channels, and speeches of famous personalities. 2. Cartoon channels made children happy. 3. Games increases their logical thinking power 4. Media conducts poles and late public to take part in social issues through the internet, writing letters etc. 5. Some channels and few newspapers are mouthpieces of political parties. They help to showcase the realities of people's life. Their issues are always raised in order to give justice to the people. 6. For nation building media has become a powerful tool of communication. It gives real exposure to the mass audience about which is true and which is fake. 7. Media creates awareness about various rural development programmes and family planning, awareness about new fertilizers, pesticides, methods of cultivation and protection of crops. Taking you crops in between two major crops.  8. Media has helped in the removing many old evils like child marriages, killing of female unborn child, child labour etc. Widow marriage was not permitted in old days; she had to die when her husband died; now no such evil practices are there. 9. University grants commission telecast various educational programs which help students from schools and colleges all over the country. 10. Media can create scientific temper among students for the development of science, new research etc. 11. Media has become an important instrument for social changes in the society 12. Media has exposed a number of corrupt practices and hidden deals, thus putting a check on ill habits in the form of corruption in the society. 13. Media cells a bridge between the government and the people 14. During the election period the media plays an important role as it gives information about the names of candidates, voting centers etc. 15. It has helped in giving owners of serial and daily soaps a number of spectators there by giving them an opportunity of income. 16. There are many wrong things going on in society. The media tries to educate parents about the wrong habits of their children. Role of citizens in nation building 1. To pay taxes regularly like income tax, PMC taxes, GST toll charges etc. It is necessary for collecting funds which are required for various infrastructure Government schemes and welfare schemes of the society. 2. To exercise votes as a citizen. It is a constitutional right which should be observed invariably. Unfortunately not more than 60% voting is observed, which means 40% of the people don't vote. Many people go for picnics on this day. 3. Discouraging correction- It is a serious challenge faced by every country. It hinders the nation from growth and development. Modi's Government has started demonetization which helped in pushing  citizens of the country towards building their character as well as in the same to restrain from encouraging corruption. 4. Education - Everyone needs to take education which helps in building the right foundation for himself. It helps in taking proper decisions. 5. Respect others-everyone should respect others about his seniority post etc everyone should show respect to others through kindness, empathy and fairness. Student should respect teachers 6. Promoting the common good factors- Advocating for policies and practices that benefit society as a whole such as social justice and public health 7. To preserve nature and conservation-Everyone should try to preserve our nature i.e don't cut trees unnecessarily in huge amounts, don't throw waste , glasses cups, plastic bags in the forest. 8. Everyone should open lodge rules and regulations like traffic rules, other laws and regulations made by the local or any Government, also by other private firms and companies. 9. Safeguard the public property-people use to throw stones on buses, railways etc. these ugly acts should be avoided. 10. Volunteering- Work as volunteers in different public activities, social activities etc 11. Always try to clean public places 12. Taking the responsibility of your own actions. 13. To describe hard towards excellence of the family, society and the nation 14. Value and preserve our rich heritage of the country many people use to write names on ancient walls and monuments. 15. To promote harmony and spirit of common brotherhood region or sectional diversity. 16. To protect our sovereignty unity and integrity 17. To help in reducing crimes In case of an accident or natural calamities help others who are victims of such incidences. Many people used to take photos, videos of accidents instead of helping needy persons. 18. To help senior citizens, children and other needy persons.  19. To work as a jury or eyewitness in case required. 20. To help poor and disabled persons 21. To take part in cultural development of the society Citizens Journalism It is conducted by people who are not professional journalists but who disseminate information using websites, blogs and social media. It is a platform which provides a solution to the Government as discrepancies rise from statements and actions of the Government. It is a collaborative media participating journalism or Street journalism in this type of journalism community that plays an active role in the process of collecting, reporting , analyzing and disseminating news and information. Advantages-1. Anyone can participate in it 2. It provides real time updates for the traditional media outlets which often rely on the scheduled news as it happens. But citizen journalists can report news as actually happened providing immediate coverage of the breaking events. 3. This helps in increasing the sales of newspapers through the citizens' letters which are published in the newspaper. Persons whose letters are published may not be a regular subscriber of this newspaper so they used to purchase the newspaper as and when their letter is published. Nowadays many newspapers have started various activities through which their sales can be increased e.g. publishing photos on occasion of Ganesh festival, Navratri festival. 4. In some occasions where there are no reporters of any newspaper, readers or enthusiastic people use to take photographs and details of unusual happenings in their localities. This citizen journalist helps newspapers or electronic media on many occasions. 5. Many newspapers have started the scheme of college reporters in order to get updated information about various activities organized in college or university campuses. This also helps in getting advertisements for the newspapers. 6. Various local newspapers like Kothrud Parisar, Nava Sinhgad Road Parisar used to distribute the newspapers freely in their locality. Their cost is recovered through the advertisement population by them in their issues. Most of such advertisements are given by the startups of small businessmen which are not able to make advertisements in big newspapers due to increasing expenditure. They are able to reach mass people through the advertisements given in such small newspapers. The Mass Media The mass media is a diversified collection of media technologies that reach a large audience via mass communication. The technologies through which this communication takes place include a variety of outlets. Broadcast media transmit information electronically, via such media as film, radio, recorded music, or television. Digital media comprises both Internet and mobile mass communication. Internet media comprise such services as email, social media sites, websites, and Internet-based radio and television. Many other mass media outlets have an additional presence on the web, by such means as linking to or running TV ads online, or distributing QR Codes in outdoor or print media to direct mobile users to a website. In this way, they can utilise the easy accessibility and outreach capabilities the Internet affords, as thereby easily broadcast information throughout many different regions of the world simultaneously and cost-efficiently. Outdoor media transmit information via such media as an advertising; billboards; blimps; flying billboards (signs in tow of airplanes); placards or kiosks placed inside and outside buses, commercial buildings, shops, sports stadiums, subway cars, or trains; signs; or skywriting. Print media transmit information via physical objects, such as books, comics, magazines, newspapers, or pamphlets. Event organizing and public speaking can also be considered forms of mass media. The organizations that control these technologies, such as movie studios, publishing companies, and radio and television stations, are also known as the mass media Print (books, pamphlets, newspapers, magazines, etc.) Recordings (gramophone records, magnetic tapes, cassettes, cartridges, CDs, and DVDs) Cinema, documentary films  Radio Television Internet Mobile phones Each mass medium has its own content types, creative artists, technicians, and business models. For example, the Internet includes blogs, podcasts, web sites, and various other technologies built atop the general distribution network. The sixth and seventh media, Internet and mobile phones, are often referred to collectively as digital media; and the fourth and fifth, radio and TV, as broadcast media. Some argue that video games have developed into a distinct mass form of media. While a telephone is a two-way communication device, mass media communicates to a large group. In addition, the telephone has transformed into a cell phone which is equipped with Internet access. A question arises whether this makes cell phones a mass medium or simply a device used to access a mass medium (the Internet). There is currently a system by which marketers and advertisers are able to tap into satellites, and broadcast commercials and advertisements directly to cell phones, unsolicited by the phone's user. This transmission of mass advertising to millions of people is another form of mass communication. Video games may also be evolving into a mass medium. Video games (for example massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs), such as RuneScape) provide a common gaming experience to millions of users across the globe and convey the same messages and ideologies to all their users. Users sometimes share the experience with one another by playing online. Excluding the Internet however, it is questionable whether players of video games are sharing a common experience when they play the game individually. It is possible to discuss in great detail the events of a video game with a friend one has never played with, because the experience is identical to each. The question, then, is whether this is a form of mass communication.[citation needed] Broadcast. The sequencing of content in a broadcast is called a schedule. With all technological endeavors a number of technical terms and slang have developed. Please see the list of broadcasting terms for a glossary of terms used. Radio and television programs are distributed over frequency bands that in the United States are highly regulated. Such regulation includes determination of the width of the bands, range, licensing, types of receivers and transmitters used, and acceptable content. Cable television programs are often broadcast simultaneously with radio and television programs, but have a more limited audience. By coding signals and requiring a cable converter box at individual recipients' locations, cable also enables subscription-based channels and pay-per-view services. A broadcasting organization may broadcast several programs simultaneously, through several channels (frequencies), for example BBC One and Two. On the other hand, two or more organizations may share a channel and each use it during a fixed part of the day, such as the Cartoon Network/Adult Swim. Digital radio and digital television may also transmit multiplexed programming, with several channels compressed into one ensemble. When broadcasting is done via the Internet the term webcasting is often used. In 2004, a new phenomenon occurred when a number of technologies combined to produce podcasting. Podcasting is an asynchronous broadcast/ narrowcast medium. Adam Curry and his associates, the Podshow, are principal proponents of podcasting. Film The term 'film' encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well as the field in general. The name comes from the photographic film (also called filmstock), historically the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms for film exist, such as motion pictures (or just pictures and "picture"), the silver screen, photoplays, the cinema, picture shows, flicks, and most common, movies. Films are produced by recording people and objects with cameras, or by creating them using animation techniques or special effects. Films comprise a series of individual frames, but when these images are shown in rapid succession, an illusion of motion is created. Flickering between frames is not seen because of an effect known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source has been removed. Also of relevance is what causes the perception of motion: a psychological effect identified as beta movement. Film is considered by many people to be an important art form; films entertain, educate, enlighten, and inspire audiences. Any film can become a worldwide attraction, especially with the addition of dubbing or subtitles that translate the film message. Films are also artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Video games A video game is a computer -controlled game in which a video display, such as a monitor or television, is the primary feedback device. The term "computer game" also includes games which display only text (and which can, therefore, theoretically be played on a teletypewriter) or which use other methods, such as sound or vibration, as their primary feedback device, but there are very few new games in these categories.[who?] There always must also be some sort of input device, usually in the form of button/joystickcombinations (on arcade games), a keyboard and mouse/trackball combination (computer games), a controller (console games), or a combination of any of the above. Also, more esoteric devices have been used for input, e.g., the player's motion. Usually there are rules and goals, but in more open-ended games the player may be free to do whatever they like within the confines of the virtual universe. In common usage, an "arcade game" refers to a game designed to be played in an establishment in which patrons pay to play on a per-use basis. A "computer game" or "PC game" refers to a game that is played on a personal computer. A "Console game" refers to one that is played on a device specifically designed for the use of such, while interfacing with a standard television set. A "video game" (or "videogame") has evolved into a catchall phrase that encompasses the aforementioned along with any game made for any other device, including, but not limited to, advanced calculators, mobile phones, PDAs, etc. Audio recording and reproduction Sound recording and reproduction is the electrical or mechanical re-creation or amplification of sound, often as music. This involves the use of audio equipment such as microphones, recording devices, and loudspeakers. From early beginnings with the invention of the phonograph using purely mechanical techniques, the field has advanced with the invention of electrical recording, the mass production of the 78 record, the magnetic wire recorder followed by the tape recorder, the vinyl LP record. The invention of the compact cassette in the 1960s, followed by Sony's Walkman, gave a major boost to the mass distribution of music recordings, and the invention of digital recording and the compact disc in 1983 brought massive improvements in ruggedness and quality. The most recent developments have been in digital audio players. An album is a collection of related audio recordings, released together to the public, usually commercially. The term record album originated from the fact that 78 RPM Phonograph disc records were kept together in a book resembling a photo album. The first collection of records to be called an "album" was Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker Suite, release in April 1909 as a four-disc set by Odeon records. It retailed for 16 shillings—about £15 in modern currency. A music video (also promo) is a short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music, most commonly a song. Modern music videos were primarily made and used as a marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. Although the origins of music videos go back much further, they came into their own in the 1980s, when Music Television's format was based on them. In the 1980s, the term "rock video" was often used to describe this form of entertainment, although the term has fallen into disuse. Music videos can accommodate all styles of filmmaking, including animation, live action films, documentaries, and non-narrative, abstract film. Internet The Internet (also known simply as "the Net" or less precisely as "the Web") is a more interactive medium of mass media, and can be briefly described as "a network of networks". Specifically, it is the worldwide, publicly accessible network of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol (IP). It consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, business, and governmental networks, which together carry various information and services, such as email, online chat, filetransfer, and the interlinked web pages and other documents of the World Wide Web. Contrary to some common usage, the Internet and the World Wide Web are not synonymous: the Internet is the system of interconnected computer networks, linked by copper wires, fiber-optic cables, wireless connections etc.; the Web is the contents, or the interconnected documents, linked by hyperlinks and URLs. The World Wide Web is accessible through the Internet, along with many other services including e-mail, file sharing and others described below. Toward the end of the 20th century, the advent of the World Wide Web marked the first era in which most individuals could have a means of exposure on a scale comparable to that of mass media. Anyone with a web site has the potential to address a global audience, although serving to high levels of web traffic is still relatively expensive. It is possible that the rise of peer-to-peer technologies may have begun the process of making the cost of bandwidth manageable. Although a vast amount of information, imagery, and commentary (i.e. "content") has been made available, it is often difficult to determine the authenticity and reliability of information contained in web pages (in many cases, self-published). The invention of the Internet has also allowed breaking news stories to reach around the globe within minutes. This rapid growth of instantaneous, decentralized communication is often deemed likely to change mass media and its relationship to society. "Cross-media" means the idea of distributing the same message through different media channels. A similar idea is expressed in the news industry as "convergence". Many authors understand cross-media publishing to be the ability to publish in both print and on the web without manual conversion effort. An increasing number of wireless devices with mutually incompatible data and screen formats make it even more difficult to achieve the objective "create once, publish many". The Internet is quickly becoming the center of mass media. Everything is becoming accessible via the internet. Rather than picking up a newspaper, or watching the 10 o'clock news, people can log onto the internet to get the news they want, when they want it. For example, many workers listen to the radio through the Internet while sitting at their desk. Even the education system relies on the Internet. Teachers can contact the entire class by sending one e-mail. They may have web pages on which students can get another copy of the class outline or assignments. Some classes have class blogs in which students are required to post weekly, with students graded on their contributions. Blogs (web logs) Blogging, too, has become a pervasive form of media. A blog is a website, usually maintained by an individual, with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or interactive media such as images or video. Entries are commonly displayed in reverse chronological order, with most recent posts shown on top. Many blogs provide commentary or news on a particular subject; others function as more personal online diaries. A typical blog combines text, images and other graphics, and links to other blogs, web pages, and related media. The ability for readers to leave comments in an interactive format is an important part of many blogs. Most blogs are primarily textual, although some focus on art (artlog), photographs (photoblog), sketchblog, videos (vlog), music (MP3 blog), audio (podcasting) are part of a wider network of social media. Microblogging is another type of blogging which consists of blogs with very short posts. Print media Magazine A magazine is a periodical publication containing a variety of articles, generally financed by advertising or purchase by readers. Magazines are typically published weekly, biweekly, monthly, bimonthly or quarterly, with a date on the cover that is in advance of the date it is actually published. They are often printed in color on coated paper, and are bound with a soft cover. Magazines fall into two broad categories: consumer magazines and business magazines. In practice, magazines are a subset of periodicals, distinct from those periodicals produced by scientific, artistic, academic or special interest publishers which are subscription-only, more expensive, narrowly limited in circulation, and often have little or no advertising. Magazines can be classified as: General interest magazines (e.g. Frontline, India Today, The Week, The Sunday Times etc.) Special interest magazines (women's, sports, business, scuba diving, etc.) Newspaper A newspaper is a publication containing news and information and advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called newsprint. It may be general or special interest, most often published daily or weekly. The most important function of newspapers is to inform the public of significant events. Local newspapers inform local communities and include advertisements from local businesses and services, while national newspapers tend to focus on a theme, which can be exampled with "The Wall Street Journal" as they offer news on finance and business related-topics. The first printed newspaper was published in 1605, and the form has thrived even in the face of competition from technologies such as radio and television. Recent developments on the Internet are posing major threats to its business model, however.