Media & Information Literacy Notes PDF

MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION Communication ✓ Communicare-to share ✓ Communis- working together ✓ To express and share your thoughts, ideas, and feelings through various means. ✓ Information is the message being conveyed by the sender....

MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION Communication ✓ Communicare-to share ✓ Communis- working together ✓ To express and share your thoughts, ideas, and feelings through various means. ✓ Information is the message being conveyed by the sender. Media means of collective noun for communication press or news agencies Media- a communication channel used to spread news, entertainment, educational information, or promotional messages. Functions of Media Inform citizens about current issues and events Educate citizens Provide platforms for discussion Provide publicity to governmental and political institutions Summary: Information- it refers to the message being conveyed by the sender using media. Media- It refers to the communication tool being used for educational, informational, and promotional purposes. Communication- This refers to the expression of ideas, feelings, and thoughts. Media- It refers to the means of communication.  MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY Media Literacy The ability to read, analyze, evaluate, and produce communication in a variety of forms. Information Literacy It refers to the ability to recognize when information is needed. The ability to locate, evaluate, and use effectively the needed information. Example: Thesis/ Research projects, etc. Technology Literacy The ability to understand how digital technology works in creating information. This also include the ability in interpreting the information. NETIQUETTE Netiquette- observing proper etiquette as you engage in activities over the Internet. CORE RULES OF NETIQUETTE RESPECT- You're talking to a human being who has feelings. Choose your words. ATTITUDE- Same set of expectations for your attitude and behavior still apply. Display what you want other people to know and see who you are. FACT CHECK- Discern fake news from facts. Verify before sharing. Share what is only important. KEEP PEACE- Avoid flame wars. Avoid being a keyboard warrior. PRIVACY- It a natural human right. Don't poke your nose into others business. RESPONSIBILITY- Every action you take has an equal consequences. Think before you click. USE COMMON SENSE- When you know the answer, do not ask anymore. For it may only cause flame wars if not answered properly. GIVE CREDIT- If you know the source, give proper credit. FOLLOW- To lessen wars and keep the peace, follow the rules of netiquette.  THE EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL MEDIA TO NEW MEDIA Pre-Industrial Age (Before 1700s) People discovered fire, developed paper from plants, and forged weapons and tools with stone, bronze, copper, and iron. Examples:  Cave paintings (35,000 BC)  Clay tablets in Mesopotamia (2400 BC)  Papyrus in Egypt (2500 BC) Industrial Age (1700s-1930s) People used the power of steam, developed machine tools, established iron production, and the manufacturing of various products (including books through the printing press). Examples:  Printing press for mass production (19th century)  Newspaper- The London Gazette (1640)  Typewriter (1800)Telephone (1876)  Telegraph  Punch cards Electronic Age (1930s-1980s) The invention of the transistor ushered in the electronic age. People harnessed the power of transistors that led to the transistor radio, electronic circuits, and the early computers. In this age, long distance communication became more efficient. Examples:  Transistor Radio  Television (1941)  Large electronic computers- i.e. EDSAC (1949) and UNIVAC 1 (1951)  Mainframe computers – i.e. IBM 704 (1960)  Personal computers – i.e. Hewlett-Packard 9100A (1968), Apple 1 (1976) Information Age (1900s-2000s) The Internet paved the way for faster communication and the creation of the social network. People advanced the use of microelectronics with the invention of personal computers, mobile devices, and wearable technology. Moreover, voice, image, sound, and data are digitalized. We are now living in the information age. Examples:  Web browsers: Mosaic (1993), Internet Explorer (1995)  Blogs: Blogspot (1999), LiveJournal (1999), WordPress (2003)  Social networks: Friendster (2002), Multiply (2003), Facebook (2004)  Microblogs: Twitter (2006), Tumblr (2007)  Video: YouTube (2005)  Augmented Reality / Virtual Reality Types of Media  Print media: Print media refers to printed materials, such as books and magazines, that contain words and images.  Broadcast media: Broadcast media includes information transmitted through one of several mass communication channels, such as television and radio.  New media: Also known as Internet media is content distributed online and can include emails and online publications.  Media and Information Sources Indigenous Media forms of media expression conceptualized, produced, and circulated by indigenous peoples around the globe as vehicles for communication. Forms of Indigenous Media Folks or traditional media Gatherings and social organizations Direct observation Oral traditions Records- written, carved, oral Library A building or room that contains a collections of books and reference materials. Academic Library Usually serves different colleges and universities. Public Library Usually serves towns and cities of all types. School Library Serves students Kindergarten up to Grade 12. Special Library Specialized in environments such as hospital, corporations, museums, or government. MAJOR ROLES OF LIBRARY 1. Organize and provide you access to information. 2. Social function providing a common ground for users to interact or a neutral site for individuals from different disciplines to come together.  Internet Source A global network of computers that allows users to share information. Advantage Disadvantage Easily acquire information and share it to vast Difficult to check the accuracy audience of the information Mistakes can be happen and be seen by a wide audience at a short period of time THINGS TO CONSIDER IN EVALUATING INFORMATION:  Reliability  Accuracy  Value  Authority  Timeliness RELIABILITY OF INFORMATION Information is said to be reliable if it can be verified and evaluated. Others refer to the trustworthiness of the source in evaluating the reliability of information. ACCURACY OF INFORMATION Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data. Measurement of accuracy varies, depending on the type of information being evaluated. Forecasts are said to be accurate if the report is similar to the actual data. Financial information is considered accurate if the values are correct, properly classified, and presented. SKILLS IN DETERMINING ACCURATE INFORMATION 1. Look for facts. 2. Cross-reference with other sources for consistency. 3. Determine the reason for writing and publishing the information.  Media and Information Languages MEDIA LANGUAGES These are codes, conventions, formats, symbols and narrative structures that indicate the meaning of media messages to an audience. CODES Codes are systems of signs that when put together create meaning  Semiotics – the study of signs CONVENTION In the media context, it refers to a standard or norm that acts as a rule governing behavior. TYPES OF CODE  SYMBOLIC CODES Symbolic codes include the language, dress or actions of characters, or iconic symbols that are easily understood. For example, a red rose may be used symbolically to convey romance, or a clenched fist may be used to communicate anger  WRITTEN CODES Written codes use language style and textual layout (headlines, captions, speech bubbles, language style, etc. )  TECHNICAL CODES Technical codes include sound, camera angles, types of shots and lighting. They may include, for example, ominous music to communicate danger in a feature film, or high-angle camera shots to create a feeling of power in a photograph. Camera Shots EXTREME LONG SHOT – Also called extreme wide shots such as a large crowd scene or a view of scenery as far as the horizon LONG SHOT – a view of a situation or setting from a distance MEDIUM LONG SHOT – shows a group of people in interaction with each other, example: fight scene with part of their surroundings in the picture FULL SHOT – a view of a figure’s entire body in order to show action and/or a constellation group of characters MEDIUM CLOSE SHOT – shows a subject down to his/her chest/waist CLOSE UP SHOT – a full-screen shot of a subject’s face showing the finest nuances of expression EXTREME CLOSE UP SHOT – a shot of a hand, eye, mouth, or any object in details  Legal, Ethical, and Social Issues in Media and Information REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10175 “Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012” Is a law in the Philippines approved on September 12, 2012, which aims to address legal issues concerning online interactions and the Internet. Among the cybercrime offenses included in the bill are cybersquatting, cybersex, child pornography, identity theft, illegal access to data and libel. Intellectual Property (IP) Refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce. COPYRIGHT A legal device that gives the creator of a literary, artistic, musical, or other creative work the sole right to publish and sell that work. Copyright owners have the right to control the reproduction of their work, including the right to receive payment for that reproduction. An author may grant or sell those rights to others, including publishers or recording companies. Violation of a copyright is called infringement. PLAGIARISM An act or instance of using or closely imitating the language and thoughts of another author without authorization; the representation of that author’s work as one’s own, as by not crediting the original. Fair use Fair use means you can use copyrighted material without a license.  Commentary  Criticism  Reporting  Research  Teaching CYBERBULLYING Bullying that takes place online, or using electronic technology such as cell phones, computers, and tablets over communication tools including social media sites, text messages, chat, and websites. Examples of cyberbullying: text messages or emails composed to insult or demean; rumors or false statements spread by email or posted on social networking sites; and humiliating photos, videos, websites, or fake profiles deliberately shared across social media. COMPUTER ADDICTION The excessive use of computers to the extent that it interferes with daily life. This excessive use may, for example, interfere with work or sleep, result in problems with social interaction, or affect mood, relationships, and thought processes.