CGC1WE Exam Review 2023-24 PDF

2. Changing Populations Population pyramids (types of population pyramids) -​ Expansive -​ Stationary -​ Declining -​ stable Dependency load & working population -​ Dependency load -​ The people that are not in the labour force / people (15- ) or (64+) -​ Working Popul...

2. Changing Populations Population pyramids (types of population pyramids) -​ Expansive -​ Stationary -​ Declining -​ stable Dependency load & working population -​ Dependency load -​ The people that are not in the labour force / people (15- ) or (64+) -​ Working Population -​ 15-64 -​ People who get wages and can pay the bills and financially support themselves, their families and even other people by buying products. Population distribution & population density -​ Population distribution denotes the spatial pattern due to dispersal of population, formation of agglomeration, linear spread etc. Population density is the ratio of people to physical space. It shows the relationship between a population and the size of the area in which it lives. Birth rate, -​ The number of live births per 1000 people in a given period of time death rate, -​ The number of deaths per 1000 people in a given period of time immigration rate, -​ The number of immigrants moving into a country per 1000 people emigration rate, -​ The number of people leaving a country per 1000 people net migration, -​ The difference between immigration and emigration rate. Can be positive or negative natural increase -​ Difference between birth rate and death rate. Population growth rate -​ Indicates the rate at which a population is growing. A higher number indicates a significant growth in population Doubling time -​ The length of time it would take for a country’s population to double Push factors vs pull factors -​ Push Factors -​ Factors that push people away from a country -​ War  -​ Poverty -​ Economic instability -​ Pull factors -​ Factors that attract people to a country -​ Good economy -​ Job opportunities -​ Better healthcare -​ family reunification. Immigration & Refugees -​ The action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country -​ People that have to flee from their country because of certain issues -​ War -​ Accidents -​ Terrorist attacks -​ Segregation -​ Social exclusion (sexuality, gender, religion, etc. ) -​ Persecution Development Levels -​ Development levels categorize countries based on various economic, social, and political indicators. They help to distinguish the stages of development that countries experience. Here are the primary development levels along with some examples: Quality of Life indicators (eg. Life expectancy, Literacy rate) Life Expectancy: The average number of years a person is expected to live, reflecting the overall health of a population. Literacy Rate: The percentage of people who can read and write, indicating the level of education and access to educational resources. Income Levels: Average income and income distribution within a population, reflecting economic stability and financial well-being. Employment Rate: The percentage of the working-age population that is employed, indicating job availability and economic health. Healthcare Access: Availability and quality of healthcare services, including the number of healthcare providers, hospitals, and clinics. Housing Quality: The availability, affordability, and quality of housing, indicating living conditions and shelter adequacy. Safety and Security: Crime rates and the perceived safety of a community, reflecting the effectiveness of law enforcement and community stability. Environmental Quality: Air and water quality, green spaces, and pollution levels, indicating the health of the environment and its impact on residents. Social Services: Availability and quality of social services, such as welfare, child care, and support for the elderly. Access to Clean Water: The percentage of the population with access to safe and clean drinking water. Cultural and Recreational Opportunities: Availability of cultural institutions, parks, recreational facilities, and activities that enhance the quality of life. Transportation: Accessibility and efficiency of public transportation and infrastructure, impacting mobility and convenience. ​ Questions to consider: ​ Explain the ways in which a country or community can move from developing to developed a.​ Developed Countries: High HDI, advanced infrastructure, strong economies, high literacy rates, and access to healthcare. b.​ Developing Countries: Moderate HDI, growing economies, improving healthcare and education systems. c.​ Newly Industrialized Countries: Rapid industrial growth, improving infrastructure, transitioning from agriculture-based to industrial economies -​ Ways -​ Increase budget to ​ -​ Healthcare -​ Decrease deaths by sickness -​ National security -​ Decrease deaths -​ Education -​ Better literacy rates -​ Major industries -​ Switch to the contribution of industries -​ Primary -> secondary, etc -​ Using and investing more into technology ​ Explain how a high birth rate/death rate community or country can move to a lower birth rate/death rate. What is projected for Canada in the future with regards to its population?  a.​ 1.​ Ways to change the community from high death / birth to ow death/ birth a.​ Feminism b.​ Better healthcare c.​ Less reliance on primary industries such as farming which requires lots of manual labor d.​ Focus on themselves e.​ Make more responsible decisions f.​ war ​ Explain the different types of population pyramids. What characteristics define each? What information can be learned from a population pyramid? expansive population pyramid -​ Wide base -​ Narrow top -​ High birth rate -​ High death rate -​ Can be due to poverty -​ Diseases -​ Lack of access to healthcare -​ The need for children to help with manual labor -​ More of an agricultural society which relies on the farming of food for money. -​ Nigeria -​ Many of the african countries  -​ stable growth population pyramid -​ Low death rate -​ Average / declining birth rate -​ Good healthcare -​ Able to grow into old age -​ Not much violence or war -​ Good access to healthcare -​ Chile -​ New zealand -​ Croatia -​ stationary population pyramid -​ Similar birth and rate -​ Population is not so much growing -​ This is not stable, population is staying the same -​ Not much immigration / low -​ Language barriers -​ Denmark -​ Netherlands -​ US -​ Finland is the best answer  -​ declining population pyramid -​ Low birth rate -​ Low death rate -​ A lot of elderly people -​ good / excellent elderly healthcare -​ High cost of living. -​ Rules or policy that restrict the amount of children being allow to be given birth -​ Career focused nation. -​ Not welcoming of immigration -​ Japan -​ Career-focused country. -​ Germany -​ Hungary -​ a.​ ​ What are some advantages and disadvantages to accepting more immigrants into Canada? What are some advantages and disadvantages to reducing the number of immigrants to Canada? What should Canada’s policy be regarding immigration? Regarding refugees? -​ What would they have to Provide to refugees -​ Houses -​ Food and water -​ Money -​ Job opportunities -​ education opportunities -​ Healthcare -​ Mental health support.  -​ Clothing -​ Benefits -​ Bigger economy -​ Neutral impact on workers LONG TERM -​ Business ownership rates are higher. -​ Fill labor shortages. -​ More money that can be generated -​ Create more businesses -​ Bring more diversity into the country -​ More immigrants will lead to more taxation rates -​ Helps the government and helps support the aging population like pension, healthcare, hospitals. -​ Education systems are more funded -​ Better maintenance and infrastructure ​ How do you calculate: a)​ Birth rate? births per 1000 people b)​ Death rate? Deaths per 1000 people c)​ Immigration rate? people per 1000 d)​ Emigration rate? people per 1000 e)​ natural increase? percentage f)​ net migration? percentage g)​ population growth rate? percentage h)​ doubling time? years