Demographic Transition and Population Pyramid PDF

Demographic Transition and Population Pyramid  What is Demography? Demography is the scientific study of human populations, primarily focusing on their size, structure, and distribution. It involves analyzing data on births, deaths, migration, and aging, and how these factors influence po...

Demographic Transition and Population Pyramid  What is Demography? Demography is the scientific study of human populations, primarily focusing on their size, structure, and distribution. It involves analyzing data on births, deaths, migration, and aging, and how these factors influence population changes over time.  What is Population Pyramid? A graph that shows the distribution of ages across a population of an area. A population pyramid can be used to estimate future trends in birth rates, death rates, and Total dependency ratios.  What is Total dependency ratios? Measure that compares the proportion of the population that is not in the labor force (dependents) to the proportion of the population that is in the labor force (productive workers). 1. Youth Population: This is typically considered to be those below the age of 15-19, depending on the definitions used by specific studies or organizations like the United Nations or the World Bank. 2. Elderly Population: This is generally defined as those aged 65 and above. However, some studies or national statistics might consider different ages starting from 60 as the threshold for the elderly population.  Three types of population pyramid 1. Expansive Population Pyramid (a sharp triangle shape in the graph) Many young people and a smaller proportion of older people. High birth rate and high death rate result in high total dependency ratios. What contributes to high total dependency? The number of people below the working age population is higher than the ageing population (high youth dependency).  Three types of population pyramid 2. Stationary Population Pyramid (A rectangle or “pillar” shape) The numbers of people in different ages are almost balanced. Low birth rate and low death rate result in moderate total dependency ratios.  Three types of population pyramid 3. Constrictive Population Pyramid (Upside-down triangle ) High numbers of middle-aged and elderly people, but fewer young people. Low birth rate and moderate death rate(This is because the mortality rate naturally increases with age) result in high total dependency ratios(high old-age dependency).  Demographic Transition The demographic transition model describes the transformation of a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates over time.  Stage 1 Early agricultural society (Underdeveloped healthcare and no production technology led to a high demand for labour in agriculture.) Birth Rate: High Death Rate: High and with greater fluctuations Population Growth: Stable and slowly increasing Population Characteristics: High youth dependency ratio Pyramid: Expansive  Stage 2 Developing countries(improvements in healthcare and production technology) Birth Rate: High Death Rate: Falling rapidly Population Growth: Rapidly increasing Population Characteristics: Increasing life expectancy Pyramid: Expansive  Stage 3 Developing countries (Decreased demand for rural labour. Woman tend to marry and have children later.) Birth Rate: Falling Death Rate: Falling slowly Population Growth: Increase slows down Population Characteristics: Demographic dividend (when the share of the working-age population is larger than the non-working-age) (the economic opportunity arises ) Pyramid: Stationary  Stages 4 and 5 Developed countries (Aging population/women empowerment) Birth Rate: Low Death Rate: Low Population Growth: Falling and then stable Population Characteristics: High old-age dependency ratio Pyramid: Stationary to Constrictive