Clinical Anatomy of Upper Limb PDF

‫بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم‬ ‫سُنِر يِه ْم آَياِتَنا ِف ي اآْل َف اِق َو ِف ي‬ ‫ْل‬ ‫َأ‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َأ‬ ‫نُف ِس ِه ْم َح َّتى َيَتَبَّيَن ُه ْم َّنُه ا َح ُّق‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َّنُه َع ى ِّل َش ْي ٍء‬ ‫َأ‬ ‫َك‬ ‫...

‫بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم‬ ‫سُنِر يِه ْم آَياِتَنا ِف ي اآْل َف اِق َو ِف ي‬ ‫ْل‬ ‫َأ‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َأ‬ ‫نُف ِس ِه ْم َح َّتى َيَتَبَّيَن ُه ْم َّنُه ا َح ُّق‬ ‫ُك‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َّنُه َع ى ِّل َش ْي ٍء‬ ‫َأ‬ ‫َك‬ ‫ْك‬ ‫َل‬ ‫َأ‬ ‫َو ْم َي ِف ِبَر ِّب‬ ‫َش ِه يٌد (‪ )53‬فصلت‬ ‫‪Dr. Ahmed Abd Alhamid Albakosh‬‬ ‫‪08:21 PM‬‬  ‫‪Clinical Anatomy‬‬ ‫د‪.‬أحمد عبدالحميد البكوش‬ ‫ماجستير تشريح وعلم األجنة‬ ‫محاضر مساعد بالكليات الطبية بالجامعات الليبية‬ ‫الطب البشري – الجامعة األسمرية اإلسالمية ‪ -‬زليتن‬ ‫‪Dr. Ahmed Abd Alhamid Albakosh‬‬ ‫‪08:21 PM‬‬  Shoulder Dislocation  It is the most commonly dislocated large joint. 1. Anterior inferior dislocation: Most common. Sudden violence applied to the humerus when the joint is fully abducted. The humeral head moves downward onto the inferior weak part of the capsule which tears. The humeral head comes to lie inferior to the glenoid fossa. The axillary nerve can be damaged. 2. Posterior dislocation: Less common. Dr. Ahmed Abd Alhamid Albakosh 08:21 PM  Fracture of Clavicle  It is the most commonly fractured bone in the body.  The fracture occurs due to falling on the shoulder or the outstretched hand.  It is most commonly fractured at the junction of  The lateral Med. 2/3 fragment: third and Lat. 1/3 third (weakest  Depressed by the weight of the arm point).  Pulled medially and forwards by the adductors of arm (especially pectoralis major).  The medial fragment:  Pulled upward by the sternomastoid.  Involvement of supraclavicular nerves can be the cause of persistent pain over the side of the neck. Dr. Ahmed Abd Alhamid Albakosh 08:21 PM  Fracture of Humerus  Surgical neck fractures:  May caused injury to the axillary nerve.  The Fractures of the shaft:  Are common.  If the fracture is proximal to the deltoid insertion:  The proximal fragment is adducted by pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and teres major.  The distal fragment is pulled proximally by deltoid, biceps and triceps.  If the fracture is distal to the deltoid insertion:  The proximal fragment is abducted by deltoid.  The distal fragment is pulled proximally by biceps and triceps. The Radial nerve can be injured. Dr. Ahmed Abd Alhamid Albakosh 08:21 PM  Fracture of Lower End of Humerus  Supracondylar fracture:  The Medial epicondyle fracture:  Common in children.  May injure the Ulnar nerve  May injure Median nerve. Dr. Ahmed Abd Alhamid Albakosh 08:21 PM  Pulled Elbow  The radial head is pulled out of the annular ligament.  Occurs in children, when the child is lifted by the upper limb. Dr. Ahmed Abd Alhamid Albakosh 08:21 PM  Tennis Elbow  Caused by partial tear of origin of superficial extensor muscles attached to the lat. Epicondyle (common extensor tendon).  Due to excessive use of these muscles as in tennis. Golfer’s Elbow  Caused by partial tear of origin of superficial flexor muscles attached to the Med. Epicondyle (common flexor tendon).  Due to excessive use of these muscles as in Dr. Ahmed Abd Alhamid Albakosh 08:21 PM  Fracture of Radius Fracture of the distal end  Colle’s fracture: It is due to a fall on the outstretched hand in patients over 50 years. The distal fragment of the radius is pulled posteriorly and superiorly The deformity is referred to as (dinner-fork deformity) because the forearm and wrist resemble the shape of a dinner fork.  Smith’s fracture: It is a reversed Colle’s as the distal segment is displaced anteriorly. Dr. Ahmed Abd Alhamid Albakosh 08:21 PM  References 1. MOORE Clinically Oriented, Seventh Edition. 2. Clinical Anatomy by Regions Snell, Ninth Edition. 3. Prof. Mohey Hulail. Zagazig University. 4. Lecture of Dr. Zeenat Zaidi Dr. Ahmed Abd Alhamid Albakosh 08:21 PM