Shoulder Injuries Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the most common type of dislocation mentioned?

Inferior dislocation

Lateral dislocation

Anterior dislocation (correct)

Posterior dislocation

What condition leads to the humeral head moving downward during dislocation?

Joint fully flexed

Joint fully adducted

Joint fully extended

Joint fully abducted (correct)

What mechanism of injury is typically associated with anterior inferior dislocation?

Gradual overuse

Infection leading to joint damage

Sudden violence applied to the humerus (correct)

Trauma from falling weights

What part of the shoulder capsule is primarily affected in anterior inferior dislocation?

Inferior weak part of the capsule (C) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to the joint structure during anterior inferior dislocation?

The humeral head tears the capsule (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most commonly fractured bone in the body?

Clavicle (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the clavicle being the most commonly fractured bone?

Its location between the sternum and shoulder blade (A) Signup and view all the answers

In terms of fracture frequency, how does the clavicle compare to other bones?

It is the most frequently fractured bone. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding clavicle fractures is accurate?

Clavicle fractures can occur from falls or direct trauma. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What common event is likely to lead to a fracture of the clavicle?

Direct impact during a sports activity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most commonly dislocated large joint?

Shoulder joint (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding shoulder dislocation?

It is the most common dislocated large joint. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which joint is least likely to be dislocated compared to others mentioned?

Hip joint (B) Signup and view all the answers

In context of dislocations, what is a characteristic of the shoulder joint?

It can dislocate both anteriorly and posteriorly. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Shoulder dislocations are most common in which population?

Teenagers and young adults (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of fracture may cause an injury to the axillary nerve?

Surgical neck fracture (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is at risk of injury with a surgical neck fracture of the humerus?

Axillary nerve (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common consequence of a surgical neck fracture in the humerus?

Injury to the axillary nerve (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following fractures is least likely to involve the axillary nerve?

Fractured clavicle (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of humeral fractures, which statement is true regarding the surgical neck?

It connects the head of the humerus to the shaft. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a Smith's fracture?

The distal segment is displaced anteriorly. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does a Smith's fracture compare to a Colle’s fracture?

Smith's fracture involves anterior displacement, whereas Colle’s involves posterior displacement. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the distal segment in a Smith's fracture is true?

It is displaced anteriorly. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fracture is considered the reverse of a Smith's fracture?

Colle’s fracture (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misinterpretation regarding Smith's fractures?

They are often confused with Colle’s fractures. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the dinner-fork deformity in the forearm and wrist resemble?

The shape of a dinner fork (D) Signup and view all the answers

In which direction is the distal fragment of the radius pulled during the dinner-fork deformity?

Posteriorly and superiorly (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical implication of a dinner-fork deformity?

It suggests a fracture in the distal radius (C) Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the anatomical position of the wrist in the dinner-fork deformity?

Pulled posteriorly and superiorly (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the dinner-fork deformity is correct?

It is often the result of a fall on an outstretched hand (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Shoulder Dislocation

Most common type is anterior inferior dislocation
Caused by sudden force, with the arm fully abducted
Humeral head moves inferiorly, displacing it below the glenoid fossa
Inferior capsule tears due to the displacement
Axillary nerve can be damaged

Posterior Dislocation

Less common than anterior dislocation
Classified as less common

Fracture of the Clavicle

Most common fractured bone in the body
Typically caused by a fall onto the shoulder or outstretched hand
Usually fractures at the junction of the medial and lateral thirds
Lateral fragment is compressed by the weight of the arm
Medial fragment is pulled upwards by the sternomastoid muscle
Supraclavicular nerves can be involved, causing persistent neck pain

Fracture of the Humerus

Surgical neck fractures: Can damage the axillary nerve
Fractures of the shaft:
- Proximal to deltoid insertion: proximal fragment adducted by pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and teres major; distal fragment pulled proximally by deltoid, biceps, and triceps.
- Distal to deltoid insertion: proximal fragment abducted by deltoid; distal fragment pulled proximally by biceps and triceps.
- Radial nerve can be injured

Fracture of the Lower End of Humerus

Supracondylar fracture: Common in children; can injure the median nerve
Medial epicondyle fracture: Can injure the ulnar nerve

Pulled Elbow

Radial head is pulled out of the annular ligament
Common in children when lifted by the upper limb

Tennis Elbow

Caused by partial tear of the extensor muscles origin near the lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon)
Due to excessive use of these muscles, like in tennis

Golfer's Elbow

Caused by partial tear of flexor muscles origin near the medial epicondyle (common flexor tendon)
Due to excessive use of these muscles, like in golfing

Fracture of the Radius

Colle's fracture:
- Fall onto the outstretched hand, common in patients over 50
- Distal radius fragment pulled posteriorly and superiorly
- Creates a "dinner fork" deformity
Smith's fracture:
- Reverse Colle's fracture
- Distal radius fragment is displaced anteriorly

References

MOORE Clinically Oriented, Seventh Edition
Clinical Anatomy by Regions, Snell, Ninth Edition
Prof. Mohey Hulail, Zagazig University
Lecture of Dr. Zeenat Zaidi

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Description

This quiz covers various types of shoulder injuries including dislocations, fractures of the clavicle, and humerus. Learn about the causes, mechanics, and effects of such injuries on the surrounding structures. Test your understanding of anatomical relationships and injury mechanisms.