CLC-ICT1b13 Operating System Lecture Presentation PDF

CLC – ICT1b13 B.H. SARANAPALA (B.Sc. ,M.Sc.) (Senior System Analyst Cum Computer Programmer) [email protected] Dept. of Computer Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara. ICT1b13 03/10/2024 1  Computer System...

CLC – ICT1b13 B.H. SARANAPALA (B.Sc. ,M.Sc.) (Senior System Analyst Cum Computer Programmer) [email protected] Dept. of Computer Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara. ICT1b13 03/10/2024 1  Computer System Hardware Software Liveware System Application Software Software Tools and Operating Software Utility Translators System packages Software ICT1b13 03/10/2024 2  Data Process Information Input Devices Process Output Devices ICT1b13 03/10/2024 3 ICT1b13 03/10/2024 4 ICT1b13 03/10/2024 5  Without support software, the computer is a collection of hardware. It is useless only one part without the other Hardware Computer Software ICT1b13 03/10/2024 6  Software is a collection of instructions that tell a computer how to work.  Programing Language is used to create software, called computer programs  There are two types of software ◦ System Software ◦ Application Software  We can find two kind of software products ◦ Licensed Software ◦ Free and Open Source Software (FOSS)  Available for anyone to use and modify from its original design (freedom) ICT1b13 03/10/2024 7 Systems software enables the application software to interact with the hardware and It also help to the user to manage the hardware resources. ICT1b13 03/10/2024 8  Systems software are programs that manage the resources of the computer system and simplify applications programming  System software that enables the application software to interact with the computer, control the system functions and manage its own internal resources  It also provides the fundamental user interface for the computer ICT1b13 03/10/2024 9 Systems software is the interface between the user or application software and the computer hardware ICT1b13 03/10/2024 10 There are two major parts of the Systems software ◦ Operating system ◦ Utility programs ICT1b13 03/10/2024 11 An operating system (OS) is the program which is initially loaded into the computer memory by a boot program, manages hardware recourses and all of the other application programs in a computer. ICT1b13 03/10/2024 12  First software that runs when the computer boots up  Most important master control program that runs on a computer  Program that is always running and collection of programs that together control the operation of a computer system  Operating system is running until the computer is turned off ICT1b13 03/10/2024 13 To provide a user-friendly and convenient environment Efficiency to use Perform all the management of resources ICT1b13 03/10/2024 14  Memory management  Process management  Devices management  Storage management  Files management  Software management  Network management  Security management  User management …etc ICT1b13 03/10/2024 15  OS categorized, based on the tasks and users can perform “simultaneously”. ◦ Single-user, single tasking Single Task ◦ Single-user, multi tasking  Multi Task ◦ Multi-user, multi tasking  Multi-user ◦ Real-time ICT1b13 03/10/2024 16  Single Person who performing single task or multi tasks with one computer. Eg: DOS, Windows 95/98, 2000 Professional, Windows 7, Windows 10, Windows11 ICT1b13 03/10/2024 17  Multi users can access the computer concurrently through the network. Eg:- Linux OS, Windows server OS ICT1b13 03/10/2024 18 ICT1b13 03/10/2024 19 ◦ Microsoft family ◦ UNIX family ◦ Macintosh family ◦ Linux family ◦ Android family ICT1b13 03/10/2024 20 Windows Desktop Products Windows Server Products (Client) (Server) Windows 1.0 and later Windows NT® Server Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000 Server Family Windows Me, Windows 2000 Windows Server 2003 Family Windows XP Professional Windows Server 2008 Windows XP Home Windows Server 2012 Windows XP Media Center Windows Server 2016 Edition Windows Server 2019 Windows XP Tablet PC Edition Windows Server 2022 Windows Vista Windows 7 Windows 8 Windows 10 Windows 11 ICT1b13 03/10/2024 21 ICT1b13 03/10/2024 22  New Look  Widgets  Snap Layouts  Updated Default Apps  Multiple Desktops  Tablet Mode and Docking …etc. ICT1b13 03/10/2024 23  Operating System provides each user with an interface to accepts, interprets & executes user commands or programs  There are two types of user interfaces Command Line Interface Graphical User Interface ICT1b13 03/10/2024 24 1. Desktop 2. Icons 3. Start Button 4. Taskbar 5. Task list 6. Pinned programs 7. System Tray 8. Quick Launch Bar 9. Show Desktop ICT1b13 03/10/2024 25 ICT1b13 03/10/2024 26  It is a graphical environment that used to present information  It is possible to have more than one window on the screen at a time  Small symbols or pictures (called icons) are used to display programs or information  Information is displayed inside windows, each of which has similar properties and behaves  The front most window is considered to be the active window  All controls are same for each window and the operations that the user performs on each window are identical ICT1b13 03/10/2024 27  Windows  Command button  Text Boxes  Radio Buttons  Check Boxes  Dialog Boxes  List Boxes  Drop Down List Boxes  Tab Controls  Tool bar  Menu bar ICT1b13 03/10/2024 28 ICT1b13 03/10/2024 29 ICT1b13 03/10/2024 30  Moving a window - title bar with the mouse pointer dragging  Changing the size of a window ◦ Fill the entire screen  Maximize button  double-click title bar ◦ Return a maximized window  Restore button  double-click the title bar ◦ Any size  Borders or corners ◦ Hiding a window  Minimize button  Closing a window ◦ Close button or right mouse on task bar icon / button  Control menu ICT1b13 03/10/2024 31  A command button performs a command (makes something happen) when user click on it ICT1b13 03/10/2024 32  This normally displays the name of the program associated with the window ICT1b13 03/10/2024 33  Status Bar shows details about the application currently been opened  This depends on the opened application type ICT1b13 03/10/2024 34 ICT1b13 03/10/2024 35  Clicking on the Control Menu pops up a small Window of selectable options, which include the operations of Restore, Move, Size, Maximize, Minimize and Close the Window ICT1b13 03/10/2024 36  User can drag these with mouse pointer to change the size of the window ICT1b13 03/10/2024 37  Dialog boxes are special windows where are asked to give details and select options ICT1b13 03/10/2024 38  Text boxes allow you to enter text information  Password is special type of text box which is hide typing text and show only * or dots. ICT1b13 03/10/2024 39  Radio buttons allow users to select one of a number of options from a selection  Check boxes allow users to select one or more options from a selection ICT1b13 03/10/2024 40  List boxes present a number of choices  Combo box is a combination of list and text box ICT1b13 03/10/2024 41  Tab controls allow a number of different dialog boxes associated with a device to be presented as a single combined control ICT1b13 03/10/2024 42  Slider is a button click and drags either to left or right to change a setting  Spinner is looks like miniature scroll bars. Clicking on the up arrow increases the value in the field, clicking on the down arrow decreases the value. User can also type in the value rather than using the spinners. ICT1b13 03/10/2024 43 ICT1b13 03/10/2024 44  Start menu ◦ It is starting point in Windows, Click on the selected menu item will open the relevant program or document  Popup menus ◦ Popup menus displays when the Right Mouse Button is clicked on relevant objects  Drop down menus ◦ Click on a menu item, displays down several menu items. This may be a menu item or another menu lead to next layer of the menu items ICT1b13 03/10/2024 45  The Windows Ribbon framework is a rich command presentation system that provides a modern alternative to the layered menus, toolbars, and task panes of traditional Windows applications. ICT1b13 03/10/2024 46  MS Windows OS provides small applications that implement a limited set of functions help you, do some activities, perform management , diagnose and resolve hardware & software problems ICT1b13 03/10/2024 47  The Windows key (WinKey) on your keyboard is pretty useful when you want to access your start menu or navigate to any setting on your system  Whenever you press this Winkey on your keyboard, the start menu pops up, and you can easily access the search bar or execute shortcuts for your system applications Windows Key ICT1b13 03/10/2024 48  Notepad  WordPad  Paint and Paint 3D  Math input panel  Calculator  Snipping tool  Character Map  Magnifier  Windows Power Shell  Disk Cleaner  Computer Management  Task Manager …etc. ICT1b13 03/10/2024 49  Windows Accessories tools  Windows easy of access tools  Windows System tools  Administrative tools  Security Tools  Troubleshooting and Maintenance tools ◦ Application and Service Management Tools ◦ Disk and Maintenance Tools ◦ Disaster Recovery Tools ◦ Networking & Network management tools  External Tools … etc ICT1b13 03/10/2024 50  GUI tools accept mouse input and have graphical controls such as windows, dialog boxes, and menus.  Require more disk space and system resources than command-line tools  Most GUI tools also accept optional parameters that change default behavior.  File name extensions of GUI tools include.exe and.msc  easier to use than command-line tools ICT1b13 03/10/2024 51  Using Start menu (Windows key)  Windows key + R (run) and type the name of apps  Windows key + S (search) and type the name of apps  Using task manager (right click on the taskbar)- Ctrl+Shift+ESC  Using file explorer (searching the program)- Windows Key+E  Command prompt or PowerShell (Windows Key +x) ICT1b13 03/10/2024 52  Clicking windows separately can activate the window  Using the taskbar thumbnail-sized preview of the window  Task view  Using Alt+Tab  Using Aero Flip 3D (Win logo key and Tab) ◦ Tab, Alt + Arrow, or mouse scroll ICT1b13 03/10/2024 53  Cascading, vertically stacked, or side by side ◦ Right-click an empty area of the taskbar and click Cascade windows, Show windows stacked, or Show windows side by side  Arranging windows using Snap ◦ automatically resize with snap, them to the edge ◦ Arrange windows side by side ◦ Expand a window vertically ◦ Maximize a window ICT1b13 03/10/2024 54  Almost all Windows OS tasks involve working with document and folders  Document file that user created data/information collection using common programs like Word, Paint and Excel…  Folders help to organize data and can be used as place to store document just like a file cabinet. ICT1b13 03/10/2024 55  OS provides a hierarchical folder system to help organize Document document.  Documents are stored on CDs, s Cabinet hard disks or flash disks.  The disk drives are given drive Folder names to distinguish them. ICT1b13 03/10/2024 56  The drive is the highest level of the hierarchy  Can store all documents on the drive without creating any folders  But, that is like putting all of your papers in a file cabinet without organizing them into folders.  So you can create folders and put related material together in folders Folder Sub folders ICT1b13 03/10/2024 57   Use Windows Explorer to interact with Files & Folders  Navigation pane  Back and Forward buttons  Tool bar  Menu bar  Address bar  Library pane  Column headings  File list  Search box  Details pane  Preview pane ICT1b13 03/10/2024 58  To get This PC in Windows 10, open File Explorer from the taskbar and select This PC in the left pane  When you right click on the This PC icon, in the context menu that appears, you will be able to find powerful options with functions. ICT1b13 03/10/2024 59  Give meaningful names to documents and folders  Most Windows applications automatically add a 3 or 4 character extension to the file name which tells what kind of information is stored in the file  Ex: Microsoft Word are given the extension.docx and Paint are given the extension.bmp. ICT1b13 03/10/2024 60 Icon Extension Name ICT1b13 03/10/2024 61  Cannot use \ / : * ? " < > |  Cannot use reserved words by the system. (CON, AUX, COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4, LPT1, LPT2, LPT3, PRN, NUL)  Cannot duplicate names (Same name cannot use in the same directory)  Windows 10 are not case-sensitive eg: ―Bio Data.doc‖ & ―bio data.DOC‖ are not two file names ICT1b13 03/10/2024 62  A user profile is a collection of settings that make the computer look and work the way you want it to.  It contains your settings for desktop backgrounds, screen savers, pointer preferences, sound settings, and other features.  User profiles ensure that your personal preferences are used whenever you log on to Windows.  A user account is a collection of information that tells Windows what files and folders you can access, what changes you can make to the computer, and your personal preferences, such as your desktop background or color theme.  Each person accesses their user account with a user name and password. ICT1b13 03/10/2024 63 ICT1b13 03/10/2024 64   The system path is a list of folders, separated by a semicolon, that identifies the folders that the system should search when looking for files that are called from the Run dialog box, command line, or other processes. PATH=C:\Program Files\CommonFiles\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\Program Files\Python39\Scripts\;C:\ProgramFiles\Python39\;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows; C:\ Staff Student Other s Sunil Shama ICT1b13 03/10/2024 65  C:\student\sunil – Absolute path to the directory/folder to sunil, regardless of the current directory  if the current directory is sunil then,..\ - The relative path to directory student..\..\staff - The relative path to directory staff ICT1b13 03/10/2024 66  Single Selection ◦ Point mouse over the item and click once  Scattered Selection ◦ Hold down the CTRL key and then click on each item  Block Selection ◦ Select first one then hold down the SHIFT key and then click final one  Selecting All ◦ Use the EDIT MENU, SELECT ALL or CTRL+A ICT1b13 03/10/2024 67  COPY and PASTE  Locate and select the folder on the drive  On Menu bar, Edit menu, select copy,  On popup menu copy  Then  Locate and select the folder on the drive  On menu bar, edit  paste  On popup menu paste  Or  Dragging and Dropping with CTRL key ICT1b13 03/10/2024 68  CUT and PASTE ◦ Use menu bar or popup menu  Dragging and Dropping ICT1b13 03/10/2024 69  Locate and select the folder on the drive  FILE menu, select NEW  Or  Locate and select the folder on the drive  Right click the mouse in the RIGHT PANE. Select NEW  folder ICT1b13 03/10/2024 70  Locate and select the folder on the drive  FILE menu, select NEW  File  Or  Locate and select the folder on the drive  Right click the mouse in the RIGHT PANE. Select NEW  File ICT1b13 03/10/2024 71  Click on the FILE menu and select RENAME  Using the Right Mouse Button  Using the Left Mouse Button ICT1b13 03/10/2024 72  When delete folders and files from local hard drives, they are moved to RECYCLE BIN and can be retrieved if desired ICT1b13 03/10/2024 73  The “Search box” on the Taskbar will allow you to search within your documents and files or on the Web for anything you write  The remaining results will be grouped according to what they are or their location: ◦ Web results ◦ Documents or folders ◦ Apps ◦ System settings ICT1b13 03/10/2024 74  Windows 10 allows you to sign in using an Outlook account. By doing this, Windows synchronizes your documents, contacts, and other things to the cloud.  Connect to the cloud using a Microsoft account  you have access to OneDrive from your Windows 10.  OneDrive is a free storage space in the Cloud given to every user of a Microsoft account.  You can move documents from your local folders into OneDrive by dragging them with your mouse or your finger ICT1b13 03/10/2024 75  Clicking the Notification icon will bring up a sidebar called the ACTION CENTER  The upper part of the sidebar features Tips and App notifications, while the lower part of the sidebar presents a series of Quick Action buttons.  Quick Actions are a set of tiles that give you access to frequently used settings and tasks (like Wi-Fi connection, or screen brightness). ICT1b13 03/10/2024 76  Booting Process  Control Panel tools  Settings  Computer Management  Windows PowerShell ICT1b13 03/10/2024 77  The Windows booting process is the process by which the Microsoft Windows series of operating systems boots.  The boot process has five major stages: preboot, boot, load, initialization, and logon. ICT1b13 03/10/2024 78 ICT1b13 03/10/2024 79 Control Panel is full of specialized tools that are used to change the way Windows looks and behaves. ICT1b13 03/10/2024 80  Most of the settings you'll want to change in Windows Operating System are in Windows settings. ICT1b13 03/10/2024 81 ICT1b13 03/10/2024 82 ICT1b13 03/10/2024 83 ICT1b13 03/10/2024 84  Collections of wallpapers, color schemes, sounds and screen savers  95% of users change the picture and over 40% of us change it at least once a month.  16 glass colors rather than the 8 in Windows Vista  Change the screen resolution by right-clicking on the desktop. ICT1b13 03/10/2024 85  Computer Management is a collection of Windows administrative tools that you can use to manage a local or remote computer.  The tools are organized into a single console, which makes it easy to view administrative properties and to gain access to the tools that are necessary to perform your computer- management tasks. ICT1b13 03/10/2024 86 ICT1b13 03/10/2024 87  PowerShell is a cross-platform task automation solution made up of a command- line shell, a scripting language, and a configuration management framework.  PowerShell runs on Windows, Linux, and macOS operating systems. ICT1b13 03/10/2024 88 ICT1b13 03/10/2024 89  The Windows PowerShell Integrated Scripting Environment (ISE) is a host application for Windows PowerShell.  In Windows PowerShell ISE, you can run commands and write, test, and debug scripts in a single Windows-based graphic user interface with multiline editing, tab completion, syntax coloring, selective execution, context-sensitive help, and support for right-to-left languages. ICT1b13 03/10/2024 90 A cmdlet always consists of a verb and a noun, separated with a hyphen. Some of the verbs use for you to learn PowerShell is:  Get — To get something  Start — To run something  Out — To output something  Stop — To stop something that is running  Set — To define something ICT1b13 03/10/2024 91  Get-command — List up all the commands available for use in your current session.  Get-Help — List the category of cmdlets  Get-Process — Shows the processes currently running on your computer  Get-Service — Shows the list of services with their status  Get-Content — Shows the content of the file you specify ICT1b13 03/10/2024 92  Q&A ICT1b13 03/10/2024 93