International Hope School Bangladesh Class Notes 1 Focus Point 1 Bakhtiyar Khalji PDF

International Hope School Bangladesh **Focus Point 1: How far was Muslim rule established between c.1204 and 1538** **Ikhtiyār al-Dīn Muḥammad Bakhtiyār Khaljī**,also known as **Bakhtiyar Khalji**, was a Turko-Afghan^[.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji#cite_note-5).^ He was...

International Hope School Bangladesh **Focus Point 1: How far was Muslim rule established between c.1204 and 1538** **Ikhtiyār al-Dīn Muḥammad Bakhtiyār Khaljī**,also known as **Bakhtiyar Khalji**, was a Turko-Afghan^[.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji#cite_note-5).^ He was the founder of the Khalji dynasty of Bengal, which ruled Bengal for a short period, from 1203 to 1227 CE. His rule is said to have begun the [Muslim rule](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_rule_in_India) in Bengal, most notably those of [Bengal Sultanate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate) and [Mughal Bengal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Bengal). Military career Khalji was head of the Ghurid military force that conquered parts of eastern India at the end of the 12th century and at the beginning of the 13th century. Conquest of Bihar and Destruction of Mahaviras (Buddhist Ritual Centres) (1200) In Bengal, Khalji\'s reign was responsible for the displacement of Buddhism. The leading centre of teaching for Mahayana Buddhism was Nalanda. At the end of the 12th century, Bakhityar Khilji demolished the Monastery in a brutal sacking. He subjugated much of Bihar in 1200. His invasions destroyed the university establishments at Odantapuri, Vikramashila Mahaviras. Conquest of Bengal (1203) In 1203, Khalji invaded Bengal. With the [octogenarian](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octogenarian) emperor Lakshmana Sena at the helm, the Sena dynasty was in a state of decline and could not provide much resistance. As Khalji came upon the city of Nabadwip, it is said that he advanced so rapidly that only 18 horsemen from his army could keep up. The small horde entered the city unchallenged and took the emperor and his army by shock. This caused Lakhsmana Sena to flee with his retainers to east Bengal. Khalji subsequently went on to capture Gauda (ancient Lakhnauti), the capital and the principal city of Bengal and intruded into much of Bengal. After Muhammad Bakhtiyar possessed himself of that territory he left the city of Nudiah in desolation, and the place which is (now) Lakhnauti he made the seat of government. He brought the different parts of the territory under his sway, and instituted therein, in every part, the reading of the *khutbah*, and the coining of money; and, through his praiseworthy endeavours, and those of his Amirs, [masjids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masjid) \[mosques\], colleges, and monasteries (for [Dervishes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dervish)), were founded in those parts. Invasion of Tibet (1206) Bakhtiyar Khalji left the town of Devkot in 1206 to attack Tibet, leaving [Ali Mardan Khalji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Mardan_Khalji) in Ghoraghat Upazila to guard the eastern frontier from his headquarters at [Barisal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barisal). Bakhtiyar Khalji\'s forces suffered a disastrous defeat at the hands of Tibetan guerrilla forces at Chumbi Valley, which forced him to retreat to Devkot with only about a hundred surviving soldiers. This was first and shameful defeat of Khalji. **Legacy** Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji had the Khutbah read and coins struck in his name. Mosques, [madrasas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrasas), and khanqahs arose through Bakhtiyar\'s patronage, and his example was imitated by his subordinates. **The Turkish Conquest under Bakhtiyar Khilji and the Sultans** The Turkish conquest of the Indian subcontinent during Bakhtiyar Khilji's time was part of a broader wave of invasions by the Ghurid Empire, led by Muhammad of Ghor. Here's how it unfolded: **Initial Invasions:** The Ghurid invasions began in the late 12th century, with Muhammad of Ghor leading the charge. [These invasions aimed to expand the Ghurid Empire's territory and influence in the Indian subcontinent2](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ikhtiyar-al-Din-Muhammad-Bakhtiyar-Khalji). **Role of Bakhtiyar Khilji:** As a military general under Muhammad of Ghor, Bakhtiyar Khilji played a crucial role in these invasions. [His conquest of Bengal and Bihar was part of the larger Ghurid strategy to establish control over northern India1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji). **Establishment of Muslim Rule**: The successful campaigns by Bakhtiyar Khilji and other Ghurid generals led to the establishment of Muslim rule in various parts of northern India. [This period saw the decline of Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms and the rise of Islamic sultanates2](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ikhtiyar-al-Din-Muhammad-Bakhtiyar-Khalji). [I**mpact on Local Populations**: The invasions and subsequent rule had significant impacts on the local populations, including the displacement of Buddhist communities and the introduction of new administrative and cultural practices1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Bakhtiyar_Khalji). Bakhtiyar Khilji's legacy is a complex one, marked by both his military prowess and the cultural and religious upheavals his conquests caused.