Culture and Daily Life in New Spain PDF

Printed by: [email protected]. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. CH PT 12....

Printed by: [email protected]. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. CH PT 12. CULTURE AND DAtlLY LIF I NEW SPAl ;N ,E DU ·C AiTIO N 1 \!hen D n Anlonio de u.rteen years after tl falJ ofTenochut- who, it J in I. ~!,J I tin. ·11 to liispanicize nd dmrch for, 4 s. Tile in r r understanding it Ol n duca- , usu.a vi l C 011h h. to pre '.. u ith h n t.h by ra lit in bot d i y ment.. la , or u inmm1s o 1b p n ibu ders. ·nent. Cant ,a an b im~t r h di g ,ln it.n h mous n , cction hun n· ulh iv J prim,1iy irutm i n a, d duhi. g hil th elf ' n w nd th r ~cl mt subj e:J me th olon carpenters bl cksmit.hs, pd.int and sculptors. Game put their skills to good u n- ,dlr u rvis1ng d h 11 ldiug or n hu1uh :J t, I , ml t UJi h 116, Printed by: [email protected]. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.  Cadfm-~ tllll.l 0.1.ily [/ I!' in ,\.,!W pdlff 17 7 l'h sdt ol o nta ruz d a.tel lco w unt!ed in I 53 b er M dozJ ant.I arraga.. W11h ,. it became the out.standing Indian chool 11h hi h r ol n bl it w thDugJn ·e mud.m o com e the fundamen- L1' ng and wdli1 din i~nir1, 11 i p , cl.I a mrui nJ nal.lv. ught by learn d hum n.: lenlEu:ropeaninsmiction. an aid 11~ alin g re p oa h to educaiion was dist.in , varit: and.-i jud udi q ghi of 2, ho. , ·1,1 th re ·on w 1 nLinued sava in-fighting o) Jjmed l i.o.sphe Uusl bom th n. 1.~ aw m.1p1c.d, 1th oDl>i rn ' I uccess, to creati an ideal society in 1he le formed communities in which the ti di lv :d 1rai11 b 1n, d d 11 d in me of s o da tributin 10 1.h i oac ,. on nu a pr n · , n il - edi.oed b h n nd descendan~ till u.it San Creg ,L m dN m hancd m l.he opening. But i l th 10 Ju Printed by: [email protected]. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.  ·1 78 LI ' INC I TUE UCEltO'YALTY lndi.Afl. nrl m r.izo \ er; limited in el n glect and apathy sel in. a odation, ith thtlr mnquer h n cd th I ~t h p d lh J I r.. l estizo unul Tl IJy lo th nstinians predomin in in5lnlcti.n ' re u,,. tJ1 i, m iJJ p I Rr.::i i tlnfan instirnt.ion, t.ablis !meUectu l Aloo o d I \I I p rior ari for Lraini u foed hi hol,.tnd 1 ~LZotloo \'hich belonged s. ni al dnd I LI al Ll1 p litl ~ M a and Bis o fun ri.on i \ arid. d d \ ilh olherp univ ·rli 1odclcd i 1J, ·hi posed lo be e 0 N W p.iin' Dw ngth 1,000 m..iste.rs I un d ppon: ~ r r Lh tu wi n Jo 154 ~.stl sixteenth century ryoungcriolla ~m n C OLA SHIP AND LITERATURE (' rh, p!i tib m I r m cl.ab le a I th- ol n beg, n n l Ion 3 t the conq11est with the drn~ent sm mong whom were a numbe,- o non- p 1is· pt: 1 du :auxl in un 11 Their in tuiri into th M~ rud ~~ ~ o econ in hi!~ king which have b n tra:n la l l,mgt1 ppe--. t i 1orc pLJI r a c1uiu. hm...ever; r~ains the Hisroru era 'I! itJ co 11 ul11, writ~ ai Jicr I I1 rI L ~ t , erso un aft,er th lhat, with its 'impl nd gr ph[c descrip1iaru, ha bee c Printed by: [email protected]. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.  Cadfm-~ tllll.l 0.1.ily [/ I!! in ,\.,!W pdlff 179 " ec· tudi o Lh Jmli ud d r lUJrnria rdaciiin d - d la the If LU fr f tine Codex} by Father Bernardino de · mpen a ba i lor our Imo ahua p w l Lin e.ful for ticlp o aha tin wor native ioforrnan t.s to record heir history in · 11 y oth r im tks u th nth mu , in luding hm h I mo ical zeal, intelJectuaJ ruriosil: , indus.try, o L h ian th ho studi f t utsL'. ndi. lu, I red later l. 1n the ea i cended r an cot d by I· th 0111 naJ of M ·co I hi m n llm i 1 ry wor cle dJ h e.r ,an,u I ml 10d ri graph. Another aVJcr egre. acco hed in m, Ids but I t Im ,,n I\J ·w.. p.tin , iau dia,o ri t guages. lndia o th l in 0 Therew ' m d d h: in n ak ~ ~ h C.Ulos.lt! ,gllenz.a :6ngou(l - liOO) dOl!llllnenl 1Chol.u f Id -r n ·ng ti anJ h, rorl 11 in ro: s1 Printed by: [email protected]. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.  180 LI ' INC I TUE UCEltO'YALTY t.u.died lO b a I uiL t i: otz ti.in buL a expd!ed for an.n fra tim o Lhc tri , rul Poe.t, histomn. math · ' · , ·. lb dentific urio. it th.al w ulJ fl Lea o.. t in began Mlh Lh ivanl r, 1 ai and th unive.rsit. Th righ. l Ht ldlng Jir'St place in the hearts of Mexicans, was a woman, {1651 - 95). t ut 11leglllmat blnh I I ho ;unai ceregal court into a beau , women , sh I m m d bor 111 iLion or wo o -er poems: n d lo mismo que culpais; rblame, At th Jgt: eigh ncd heir ble prospects of mar- ll..l t n. th r l I a J tic, love poc th ni l p(!riod, x in J a.qufn femande2 e r mo fa picarcsq i 1 -c ,i wuJ d1 r~1 ri ll n m n m n a printing p y 1537-39. In I.he latter year the lirstbookwa printed igi u ltd I w in Lh hua1l and pani h Bi hop Zurn riag;i ob ks h d be n pr: u ed in Lh p l.tat II.hough =xi. U'3JlS. Robro Grav Jostph Som.mm. a.nd tonla LU\eda bu- 71), I I Printed by: [email protected]. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.  Cadfm-~ tllll.l 0.1.ily [/ I!' in ,\.,!W pdlff 181 no n ·ty had.a p until £nlll I.acer. choL r tim t lb t dmfo lh lonial pt>riod some ft n th voJumes were rint exico, among them boo in ,t I nin diffi·rcnt In.. I n r li iou , iudi , pu Ii tion included dictionaries, grammars, acmunt o navigation, de.suiptions f nant ral ph rmm ™ like arthquak and wor r1 m di in. m rhod or chir1g a.d1'ng. and lm k arilhmeti. In th nd h.aJl f th six( eolh nw.ry.ti L. t w 1 llturg cal books onl.ainin musk ~ere published; in the me pafod ool faun n came out of r, in. theoretical threat o censors.hi books w , n t uiroga h ul nt. ur thousa th century me iu.·s I J t th s· hop J x in fh lj L~, r aJ 1g n 1,ue 1.d, fot Lb no public librari and, untiJ lat£ in die co o n~~ p ic tion , 11.h1n , , n r 1 ~ brough ll.-. lo 't'lllU, I.I 1bli t b, h n. r, LO mp r a qua.e ll I I. i u n l..ll i I, I 1H. 3. ot 1.mtll I , th pa - dde wd pubti USIC usi w perform d ,o I a b" ho d Ith: 1 rut. nd 11 ri. 111 d to mo un th th lebr. th Im lo nlUI) M, :m Zumaya \ m te t:h e, \"lodd's first a 1 r imp n ml mus d a ita l fl th ol n. Mu had been impona.nt to sped ly t. d musi ·.ll\5 h d ,.i re penabl tatu 1n lh mmll.flit n gymen so n found that th Printed by: [email protected]. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.  18 2 LI ' INC I TUE UCEltO'YALTY lndia.n ' love musi o l!l't:d. dicnt through wbi h the n ukl urn tee! co Chri tian ity. ta ed ahruul in which music had a place. I low- ,, indig m rpr p -~ nn, ri rms · liani the sin th aniar ion o ming. n "l y mem and th ·ol perform t.im empt fr:om te. B 1576 about 10,000 I.a ugh m ·t , r m n ab n, in lh ru th nortllcm oossions.. ln d wnninK, lndi.UlS o ans ri m'ed, and locaJ m. luc~s, i;:u11illli, co ell in I p t:, ith eil music, wh id The church discouraged some Indian ,rith paganism, re 1io1.md I ·d g r.u.u. nd d n li ~ ilh m inn bean. I admonitions nolWithst i J1 ·o,rn mlr11.1 w t d ds cannot en- mp :sh l lu Lh Ve i g 1enL 11j ing sen- tk1. ' YJ 1h , P n. h Chi un c.aroJ : g in Cllu£ch, the vill a popuJar song for In 1h en ~, roqu 1be.ran1 d d n l but also the ri ane lo e in srantingl A. CH Ii l' Cl'URE Creativcexpre s:ion in rolo an:hite rough European. s nJ b In 1. n I rs n naLed u1ldto~ pr l designed to evan , Jo I eparation fi r ivatioa aw u niard imil r to th n, n ir, 1h n.. m in. I d II w , 1 rth - mod. · : chur urned a fomesslil;;e ap ear.1nce because o. lh threats Printed by: [email protected]. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.  ad.rure and Daily Life in ew Spain 1 B3 of Indian tack&; the danger of canhquahs called for buildings with. thick waUs, often.sup- ported b gre:at flyi1Jg buttresses; and the humid tropics fequired provision for bmer venrl- lation, The apo l rptic views of th flranru.cans are a?so evident in th de:fi mi elemen As the sixteenth century pmgr~ Reoaissan~ styles, pfateresque and mannrnst, w~ th norm..ior ver, archi ectur in Mexico too on a distinctivcl local character because buildi.n materials in the colony offered mot't! c:oto In wi:de wie were th , porow temn- rls pumice the local whitish limestone and a green stome: found in Oaxaca. As the bright Pu bla (poblano) styl em d, pofychrom Tula muil aun to b us nsi y and in some G!5eS dommatoo the fa ri: Jr ·n mam.i e 111d imeLTaci.1.1 rel. Lio. neofi.he mAlli mnalnin nlllnm m rnloru;il artwm.. Printed by: [email protected]. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.  Cadfm-~ tllll.l 0.1.ily [/ I!! in ,\.,!W pdlff 187' ·«le nih nlY J'!. I l,l nc d.J, Yuat.ttL of l11ccnth century prompt I' h h Ari Ci1 It w ~ anis r scyh:-s n, but its ~lw n n ,H:lmini hi DAILY LIF' ene.ral werda se notwitlmanding, l1 Is. Ii dt!d ,1e or b to dem- I o- ul ,11 l- ed unndy behavior and d n.\pl Ill l Juist. agitat '.·. 10 ' i ,. n. nm.ry, tra-..:elers e:-. ryt a. ilabl. mduding abundant up ' fo both ti n D ily 01 ce d ous,.nd ba 11 muJes carried in provisions from outJ.yin provinoes. Foreigners remarked ou 1h exc llen e m,tru Lin ~ri pal umain. nd lies. An \ring ry in 1625 es p tl.11 bat! 6f usand c die. ome lrimm d, live and Printed by: [email protected]. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.  18 8 LI ' INC I TUE UCEltO'YALTY o wh.i ru ha\ alwa hem pee ,1H_ and," whal truck lh£ a ign.- the Oo \'er gardens textm l gr ill p!!n m, i1 and and pottery. bril ry. "' in th mar lpla, I gath 1n ' dis n ton adding t · e heightened the bright di l - b , un ·ce i e , r ses Ben cnj n- T ti smiJe marred r an Il l aJ gro s., I. PJ lS Olt.lSid r them an d and d. often 1 ill forcing villager seizing their women. II o rid I altema , , i ed their bra Ing ud qua whil 01h r herd p h d ine, 1 dS I ll servant, omen. ,a drthe lo s cJ1 l i.iJm ul m ind Ii op lh e. 1md1 assailed th nostril. But uch aromas ,md un anitary com:fiti Printed by: [email protected]. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.  Cadfm-~ tllll.l 0.1.ily [/ I!! in ,\.,!W pdlff 189 aU, not mu h d" , e:nL om 1.h In olh parts o. dte w Il:J, L t1 i:im The 11.b dW po:s.e a serious heal mcrnmem moved e_p the capital cleaner. Th pi rh,u r w n I lull f an ordinance teams of t\-\lO Indians, "ith mul c-arts, ,IO coUecc m ci uildin. mcludjn~ storehouses.nid iail nad lo impr vement h1 a.ru dh.l n t.b.rou 1- out tbe mloniaJ perm , owever,.1 moogrcl d , and mJtures continu d l be um n 10 help k lmul tll d u ~. centtt of. I.he viceregal cou al..re I.m y I al , un in cnrnvag;rnt 11t Lh la u Ii om r1l.n a i; rrnancE:S, er but a grea - ing , njo.vil wilh a l th rma us,.ftoo. ln ea performan and pup m ti , perfo ,1 'n rural Low am tcd o rn ;1111 l,1$. 1 nqu I, fi uu de avor ith a.II gments o 1 early sevenceemh cemury was h an ,,fk.·10,w J ili,H h I d bu lh un I. 1h ;u Lilt Will ub.ccmwy cec mi ounwo from rudll,1 u tiug Ouoe,i.e lnfluwc Printed by: [email protected]. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.  1 90 LI ' INC I T UE UCEltO'YALTY hl.i ' J ~r I J lo lh ceillill'. pal.1. 11 t nd II Im e w, ad d m the vice of gam d at dice, cards. ho or an I n ril dulg d ~ It n.1rri st 'ol nor pr i ndin dealing cards with mal Fo th.1mto Lh jo tin~ er gam ed on h k. m.l th l·od I tJ1 hum with h r unds ,1ncl. Printed by: [email protected]. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted.  Cadfm-~ tllll.l 0.1.ily [/ I!' in ,\.,!W pdlff 191 Lei ure tim hunda.rit or · ban d\ loni enj multiple b Ii - da , with dozrns or relircjous e t:ivaJs ividuals celebrat. ts' days, and 1 w1u h i,J iru, 1 ~ I l'ti al Lo Lhe · n rcligjous rites, a:nd sometim~ penance were fo ' an h ll m drir ' m or1~ leJ1 fight" m· h r I d wnu.td more likcl ·on informalJy and immcd:ia 'th rid 1' Lp g ~ hi h ht ap ) involv o cll fille ·m crfum gr s,~ clit c daily p'UeD, in round fi~ o' r ,k 11 or ~rhap m umcd dee!.k y their you ' I \ d d e oo el t o , arrival of a re r onstru ri m fHil.ll ·11r. " u:a 0 i ' f n , hi \ , ' lll ffl o , asked (fro, iml r erso vmues. m U11)a11 a ~l ~ o cnt fim o els and. s e parade, to ilie I I 1or L, In , sin I oi and run.ail cclebra- no longer re on h uld n 11ou l r u1~d parties and pon. The foreg ' to large like l I O d ll dand \ ill call d for el brati n and pr that w ,. id na ni dcrn lh t! humb e a. loca l eel. igh1 c II w fi rlnlnng to tu Llf. e