Chapter 4: Gender & Family PDF

Chapter 4: Gender and Family Prepared by: Ms. Chaim Cyril T. Bernasor  Learning Objectives Explain the importance of socialization in the child’s gender development. Point out the norms in selecting marriage partner Differentiate the gender roles in marriage. Relate the different forms of marria...

Chapter 4: Gender and Family Prepared by: Ms. Chaim Cyril T. Bernasor  Learning Objectives Explain the importance of socialization in the child’s gender development. Point out the norms in selecting marriage partner Differentiate the gender roles in marriage. Relate the different forms of marriage and its authority. Assess the parenthood transition. Evaluate the emerging families as alternative to traditional families. Analyze the various issues confronted by Filipino family today  I. Socialization Socialization plays an especially important part in determining what children believe to be acceptable behaviors for members of their own sex. It is the process by which people learn the characteristics of their group-the knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, and actions thought appropriate for them (Henslin,2007).  II. Mate Selection Choosing a life partner is still influenced by the cultural barriers or restrictions which limits the pool of eligible partners Cultural barriers are societal norms and expectations that restrict the choice of marital partners to those with certain demographic or personal characteristics.  II. Mate Selection Homogamy Heterogamy tendency to choose to refers to the tendency of marry someone similar in people to marry others age, education, religion, not like themselves on; social class, and race. the same characteristics; becoming acceptable II. Mate Selection People are most likely to choose a partner of the same status, class, race, religion, and family values for the reason that commonality establishes a lasting relationship Social media has broken through topographical barriers, socio economic statuses, education backgrounds, and even language barriers, resulting to more heterogamic relationships. Technological Determinism theory states that cultural and societal norms may be altered or are dependent on the technology being consumed by its individuals. III. Gender Roles in Marriage Spouses accept certain cultural prescriptions for husband and wife roles-role taking while working out discrepancies between each other’s marital assumptions. They also actively create marital roles based on their own individual and couple values, needs, and goal-role making. III. Gender Roles in Marriage Functionalism assumes that the family system operates best when husband and wife do not overlap roles. Conflict theories view marriage and family as made up of individuals who possess differing amounts of resources and power, and who have individual interest to consider and defend. IV. Forms of Marriage Monogamy Permits a man to take only one spouse at a time. This is practiced by almost everybody and sanctioned by the church. Its advantage over polygamy is that it offers a more balanced division of labor and minimizes emotional and psychological tensions. IV. Forms of Marriage Polygamy Plural marriage wherein a man can marry to two or more women at the same time. This is practiced by Muslims and other tribal groups whose laws, religion, or traditions allow them to have more wives at the same time. This is allowed among muslims due to the Philippine Government’s recognition of the Sharia Law, or Islamic Code derive from the Qur’an. V. Marriage Based on Authority Patriarchal family is one which the authority is vested on the oldest male in the family, often the father. Matriarchal Family is one which the authority is vested on the mother’s kin. This presupposed that the mother dominates the households. Egalitarian family is one which the husband and wife exercise a more or less equal amount/ equitable distribution of authority. VI. Family Relations: Parenthood Transition Motherhood “Motherhood mandate” assumes that it is the woman’s obligation to dedicate her life unselfishly to the raising of her children and to be constantly on call for her child’s need. On the contrary, it pervades guilt in women who work outside the home for personal or economic purposes. Fatherhood It is presumed that a father assumes the role of provider, breadwinner, and disciplinarian among other things attached to his social role as a father. VII. Alternatives to Traditional Families As a result of alterations involving such areas as expanded employment opportunities for women and men, separation, annulment, remarriage, and definitions regarding acceptable parenting behavior, non-traditional families are emerging. VII. Alternatives to Traditional Families Househusbands The paths are virtually unchartered for men who give up their breadwinning roles to take on primarily responsibilities for household tasks and child care. VII. Alternatives to Traditional Families Mothers and the Single-Parent Household Financial uncertainty is one of the problems faced by the single parent family, particularly the woman. Being separated from the husband, or as a result of separation, annulment of marriage, and divorce, the wife carries the burden of rearing the children alone. Under the law, the child below 7 years old the custody of the child automatically goes to the mother unless the court decides otherwise VII. Alternatives to Traditional Families Fathers and the Single-Parent Household As far as household tasks and child care is concerned, single fathers appear to adapt rather well, perceive themselves as capable as the primary parent, share most of the household responsibilities with their children, and do not rely on outside help to a great extent VII. Alternatives to Traditional Families Gay and Lesbian Families and Relationship Marriage between homosexuals is not universally accepted, though there are other countries that legalized same sex union. VIII. Filipino Family Issues and Relations Filipino family is undergoing many changes due to myriad factors that affect the family per se, among these are geographical mobility, increasing population, industrialization and urbanization, the changed status of Filipino women, and mass media Today, emerging patterns include mate selection based on free choice. Sex norms have changed. Young girls initiate in inviting the boys out. Premarital sex, early pregnancies, children out of wedlock, and live-in unions are now accepted and permitted. VIII. Filipino Family Issues and Relations These social changes bring about conflict in values and more, which may in turn bring about social problems. Problems that may beset the Filipino families today are conflict in the families, separation and desertion, abortion, illegitimacy, prostitution, juvenile delinquency, drug abuse and others. The extent of these problems is difficult to ascertain