Marriage and Family Life Midterm PDF

T-discourses- what sociologist claim, linked to professional, policy and political discourses Green describes three distinct positions for *or* against same-sex marriage what are they? Social conservatives, critical feminist/queer and lesbian and gay assimilationists. Social conservatives- tend to...

T-discourses- what sociologist claim, linked to professional, policy and political discourses Green describes three distinct positions for *or* against same-sex marriage what are they? Social conservatives, critical feminist/queer and lesbian and gay assimilationists. Social conservatives- tend to emphasize the preservation of traditional family values, which are often based on a heteronormative model of marriage: one man and one woman. Critical feminist and queer theorists- approach same-sex marriage with skepticism, questioning marriage as a social institution. Lesbian and gay assimilationists- support same-sex marriage as a way for gay and lesbian individuals to be included in mainstream society and legal frameworks. Marriage was seen as a lifetime commitment and the traditional family consisted of husband, wife and children Cultural groups hold ideals about family life Characteristics of indigenous families- complex household, multiple caregivers, different marriage and kinship systems and indigenous mobility Personal perspectives- social ties, language, child rearing practice and residential location Institutional lens- legal terms and temporal change Indigenous people are more likely to view family as an open system - true Social, economic, cultural and political factors shape how people imagine, experience and share their family and personal lives Birth control and abortion were criminal offenses until 1969 Having children outside of marriage was viewed as shameful and rare Gender diversity status- weather both members of a couple are cisgender or whether at least one member is transgender or nonbinary Different gender couple- couple families in which members are cisgender and of different genders Same gender couple- couple families in which members are of the same gender Trasngeder couple- couple families in which one member is transgender and neither member is nonbinary Nonbinary- couple families in which at least one member is non-binary Census- is a survey of the entire population to learn about age, gender, marital status Census- normalizing the nuclear family as heterosexual couple with kids Judeo christian marriage- ideals were embedded in canadian laws and policies and promoted by religious organizations Social group- characterised by a common residence, economic cooperation and reproduction Gender constructs- conceptualize gender in culture, influences how people think and act What are the two most common causes of single motherhood? Death of spouse or desperation Stigma- reflected in language(marital birth) Families- defined by what they do not by marriage, home or rules Families are people who develop intimacy because they share experiences and traditions Families are units of? Consumption Motherhood? Occupation Family marriage- by which the state might influence the character of and conduct in the home The state, church and communities reward people who complied with conjugal marriage and penalized those who did not Men are considered? Providers and decision makers Women are considered? Support and sustain family members What does Arnup regulate as laws? Marriage, property, divorce, post divorce and treatment of single mothers Canadian parliament was granted exclusive legislative jurisdiction over marriage and divorce When was the first divorce legislation? Divorce act of 1968 Cohabitation laws were introduced at different times and the rights and obligations for common law couple very considerably different Monogamy is enshrined in canadian law Polygomoy? Marriage with more than one spouse *Definitions of families* that emphasize *what families do for each other*, such as providing different kinds of resources or support, are referred to as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ definitions- process based How has the definition of \"family\" changed over the past 100 years?\ Answer: It has expanded to include non-traditional forms of families, such as single-parent and same-sex families. According to Anne Mila, what is one of the key societal changes that influenced family dynamics over the last century?\ Answer: Women's increasing participation in the workforce and educational opportunities. What impact did the Great Depression have on family structures, as discussed in the article? Anne Mila\ Answer: It caused many families to experience financial hardship, influencing the roles of men and women in the household. In the article, Anne Mila mentions the role of technology in shaping families. What is one major effect of technological advancements on family life in the 20th century?\ Answer: It allowed families to spend more time together through activities like TV and video games. What does Mila suggest is one of the challenges families face in modern society compared to families a century ago?\ Answer: The breakdown of traditional family roles and expectations. How does Anne Mila's article address the evolution of gender roles within families over the past century?\ Answer: There has been a significant shift, with more women entering the workforce and taking on leadership roles in the family. According to the article, what is one factor that has contributed to the rise of single-parent families?\ Answer: The feminist movement and greater access to reproductive rights. What does Mila predict for the future of families in the next 100 years?\ Answer: Families will become more diverse in form, possibly with greater acceptance of various living arrangements and relationships. Which family model does Anne Mila highlight as having become more common over the past century?\ Answer: The nuclear family (mother, father, and children). What is the main conclusion Anne Mila draws about the changing nature of family life?\ Answer: The shift in family structures reflects broader changes in social, economic, and cultural values. What trend in marriage rates is highlighted in the 2011 Census report? Answer: Marriage rates have declined, with more Canadians choosing to live common-law. According to the 2011 Census, what is the trend regarding the number of common-law couples in Canada? Answer: The number of common-law couples has increased significantly Which of the following factors is considered a major contributor to changes in family structures in Canada between 1961 and 2011? Answer:.Immigration patterns What is a central characteristic of Indigenous family structures? Answer: They often include extended family members such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins, reflecting a broader definition of family What is one reason for the high rates of kinship care among Indigenous children? Answer: Extended family members, such as aunts, uncles, and grandparents, play an active role in providing care to children in the community. How do Indigenous families typically view the concept of \"parenting\" in comparison to mainstream, Western definitions? Answer: Parenting is viewed as a shared responsibility within the broader community, with extended family and community members contributing to child-rearing. What does SNAF (Standard North American Family) represent, according to Dorothy E. Smith\'s article? Answer: A cultural ideal that serves as a model for family life in North America How does Smith describe the relationship between SNAF and gender roles? Answer: SNAF reinforces rigid, traditional gender roles where men are the primary earners and women are the primary caregivers. What is the significance of \"ideological codes\" in Smith\'s analysis of SNAF? Answer: families as married couples living together with dependent children. How does the concept of the \"nuclear family\" fit into the SNAF ideology? Answer: The nuclear family is presented as a universal and ideal family form, consisting of a mother, father, and biological children How does SNAF impact the perception of non-nuclear families, such as single-parent or same-sex families? Answer: SNAF typically marginalizes non-nuclear families and frames them as inferior or less legitimate. What significant impact did the feminist movement have on the institution of marriage in Canada, according to Arnup? Answer: The feminist movement contributed to the idea of marriage as a partnership of equals, challenging traditional gender roles within marriage. In the context of Arnup's article, what does the concept of "love" represent in the modern view of marriage in Canada? Answer:Love is increasingly viewed as essential to marriage, with emotional fulfillment becoming a primary factor in the decision to marry. What is the central argument of Adam Isaiah Green\'s article regarding same-sex marriage? Answer: Same-sex marriage represents a blend of traditional marriage values and innovative forms of partnership According to Green, how do same-sex couples navigate the balance between tradition and innovation in marriage? Answer: They adopt traditional marriage practices but modify them to fit their own needs and values. In Green's study, what role does the desire for legal recognition play in the motivations of same-sex couples to marry? Answer:Legal recognition is crucial for securing social, economic, and legal rights, such as inheritance, healthcare, and adoption. What concept does Green introduce to explain the tension between traditional marriage and same-sex marriage? Answer: \"Marriage innovation,\" which refers to the ways in which same-sex couples bring new understandings to the institution According to Gibson, what is a significant barrier gay men face when adopting children in Ontario? societal stigma and prejudice against non-heteronormative families. How do gay men in Ontario approach the concept of \'difference\' when adopting, according to Gibson? By avoiding any discussion of their sexual orientation. In her analysis, Gibson suggests that the adoption process for gay men involves negotiating between their \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ identities and societal expectations of what a \"traditional\" family should look like. Answer: queer The article by Gibson examines how gay men in Ontario challenge and reframe the concept of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, both in the context of family life and in society at large. Answer: difference \"Adopting difference\" refers to the process by which gay men negotiate their identities as both parents and individuals within a society that tends to privilege heterosexual, nuclear family structures. According to Gibson, gay men face challenges such as societal stigma, prejudice, and assumptions about their ability to be \"fit\" parents. What does Shelley Budgeon mean by \"couple culture\"? A cultural ideal that privileges romantic relationships and marginalizes single people. According to Budgeon, how does \"couple culture\" affect the perception of single individuals? It reinforces the idea that single individuals are incomplete or deviant. How does \"couple culture\" contribute to the marginalization of single people, according to Budgeon? It privileges romantic relationships as the primary social and cultural unit. How does the cultural ideal of coupledom shape the way society views singleness? *Answer:* Society tends to view singleness as a temporary or transitional state, often positioning single people as waiting for the right partner or as somehow deficient compared to those in relationships. This view marginalizes singles, framing them as abnormal or incomplete, rather than acknowledging singleness as a valid and full experience of life. What is the primary argument in the article by Evans et al. regarding coincidence? Coresidence is often a necessary and positive arrangement, not a failure to launch. How do the authors address the stereotype of \"boomerang children\"? They challenge the negative stereotype, suggesting that returning to live with parents can have positive outcomes. What does the article say about the societal pressures placed on young adults to leave the parental home? These pressures can be harmful by ignoring the diverse reasons for coincidence. What are some positive outcomes of coincidence for young adults, according to the article? *Answer:* The article highlights several positive outcomes of co-residence, such as providing financial relief, allowing young adults to save money, pursue further education, or gain work experience. What is the central argument in the article by Coltrane and Adams? Divorce is often constructed as a moral problem, with significant gendered implications. According to the article, how are children typically portrayed in discussions about divorce? As innocent victims in need of protection. How do Coltrane and Adams view the role of gender in divorce discourse? They emphasize how gendered expectations shape the way men and women are viewed in the context of divorce. Which of the following is a key factor in how divorce is framed as a \"problem\"? The impact of divorce on children's well-being. In the article, what role does morality play in the social construction of divorce? Divorce is often framed as a moral failure, especially for women. Why do Coltrane and Adams argue that the notion of \"child victims\" is problematic in divorce discourse? Coltrane and Adams argue that the portrayal of children as \"victims\" in divorce discourse oversimplifies the complexity of children's experiences. What alternative approach do Coltrane and Adams propose for understanding divorce? Coltrane and Adams propose a more nuanced understanding of divorce that moves away from moralizing and victim-blaming. According to Carole Smart, how does divorce challenge traditional moral norms? It is a reflection of changing moral practices that are more inclusive and flexible What does Carole Smart argue about the concept of \'moral decline\' in relation to divorce? Divorce cannot be understood solely as a moral failure, but instead as part of evolving family practices. How does Smart view the moral implications of divorce in modern society? Divorce should be viewed as a normal part of family life, rather than as a moral failing. What is Carole Smart's main argument about the relationship between divorce and morality in a post-traditional society? Carole Smart argues that divorce should not be seen as a moral decline but rather as part of the broader changes in family practices in a post-traditional society. Singlehood In 2021 the number of canadians living alone reached a record high of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ up from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Answer 4.4 and 1,7 Studies mostly focus on relationships(marriage, cohabitation, same sex couples) phases(union formation, separation) Singless is the absence or as a states in between or after family events in the lifecourse Cohabitation- live alone/not live with a partner Today singlehood is viewed as a more positive light as reflecting change in how people view and live their lives What is a stigma associated with singles- pay more tax Feminism- argues patriarchal dominance relies on practices involving the appropriation of womens bodies Critique- reject its presumed inevitability/desirability Heterosexual coupling is presumed as inevitable A stringer- a man who has not successfully severed the relationship with his mother Narrative approach- assumes language shapes the social world What do participant narratives tell us? Explain singleness as a way of life not necessary chosen Singlehood is an experience not an identity or community What results from singlehood? Outsider, distancing, self actualization, choice, independence Social construction Divorce- a social problem indicating moral decline or a changing family practices What does Wallerstein portray children as? Victims of divorce In early america marriage was associated with social order, harmony, patriotic duty Labour- system of thought carries with it definitive more boundaries Separate sphere doctrine- women at home, men in public life Colonial america- puritans believed children were born evil Grounds- assumptions framing the problem- statistics on divorce rates, child victims When did canada become a nation- 1867 When did divorce come into legislation- 1968 What was the only way to get a divorce- through an act of parliament What does smart view divorce as? Moral terrain not a moral given What does smart believe about adults and children making decisions? Involve moral sensibility ### **Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ### **Fill in the Blank** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ### **Short Answer Questions** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ##### **You said:** add more ###### **ChatGPT said:** ChatGPT ### **Additional Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)** 11. **Answer:** b) It allowed families to spend more time together 12. **Answer:** d) Extended family members (grandparents, aunts, uncles) 13. **Answer:** b) To gain legal recognition and the rights associated with marriage 14. **Answer:** b) It allowed divorce only through an act of parliament 15. **Answer:** a) The roles and expectations society has regarding individuals\' identities and behaviors based on gender 16. **Answer:** c) Decreasing social stigma around unmarried couples 17. **Answer:** b) It was seen as a moral failure or decline 18. **Answer:** b) Marriage with only one spouse 19. **Answer:** a) It privileges romantic relationships and marginalizes single individuals 20. **Answer:** a) The idea that cohabitation should lead to marriage ### **Additional Fill in the Blank** 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. ### **Additional Short Answer Questions** 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.