Health: The Basics Fourteenth Edition - Chapter 13 PDF

Health: The Basics Fourteenth Edition Chapter 13 Reducing Your Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer Copy...

Health: The Basics Fourteenth Edition Chapter 13 Reducing Your Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Outcomes (1 of 2) 13.1 Discuss the social, physical, and economic burden of cardiovascular disease in the United States and globally as well as the importance of ideal cardiovascular health. 13.2 Describe the anatomy and physiology of the heart and circulatory system and the importance of healthy heart function. 13.3 Review major types of cardiovascular disease, their symptoms, and their prevalence. 13.4 Describe the modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and methods of prevention. 13.5 Examine current strategies for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Learning Outcomes (2 of 2) 13.6 Describe cancer and how it develops as well as its impact compared to other major health problems in terms of morbidity/mortality, costs, and overall effectiveness of prevention and control. 13.7 Explain key risk factors for cancer, and identify which risks are preventable, given current knowledge in the field. 13.8 Describe symptoms, populations at risk, and key methods of prevention for the most common types of cancer. 13.9 Discuss the most current and effective methods of cancer detection and treatment, including areas of significant progress and future challenges. Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Disease in the United States (1 of 3) Cardiovascular disease (CVD) describes diseases of the heart and blood vessels, such as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure, stroke, and congenital defects. More than one in every three American adults, suffer from one or more types of CVD. CVD, principally ischemic heart disease and stroke, remain the leading cause of global deaths and a major cause of health loss in all regions of the world. Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Disease in the United States (2 of 3) Ideal cardiovascular health (ICH) is defined as the absence of clinical indicators of CVD and the presence of these behavioral and health factor metrics: – Behaviors: ▪ Not smoking ▪ Sufficient physical activity ▪ A healthy diet ▪ An appropriate energy balance and normal body weight Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Cardiovascular Disease in the United States (3 of 3) Health factors: – Optimal total cholesterol without medication – Optimal blood pressure without medication – Optimal fasting blood glucose without medication Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 13.1 Prevalence of CVDs in Adults Aged 20 and Older by Age and Sex Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Understanding the Cardiovascular System (1 of 2) The cardiovascular system includes the heart, arteries, arterioles (small arteries), veins, venules (small veins), and capillaries (minute blood vessels). – Atria are the heart's two upper chambers, which receive blood. – Ventricles are the heart's two lower chambers, which pump blood through the blood vessels. – Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart except for the pulmonary arteries, which carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Understanding the Cardiovascular System (2 of 2) Arterioles are branches of arteries. Capillaries even smaller blood vessels, have thin walls that permit the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products with body cells. Venules are very small blood vessels that carry blood from capillary beds into larger veins. Veins are vessels that carry blood back to the heart from other regions of the body. Sinoatrial node (SA node) is a cluster of electric pulse- generating cells that serves as a natural pacemaker for the heart. Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved The Heart: A Mighty Machine (1 of 2) Components – Four chambers ▪ Two upper chambers are called atria. ▪ Two lower chambers are called ventricles. Valves regulate the flow of blood. Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved The Heart: A Mighty Machine (2 of 2) Heart function – Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium after circulating through the body. – Blood moves to the right ventricle and is pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs, where it receives oxygen. – Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium of the heart. – Blood from the left atrium moves into the left ventricle. – The left ventricle pumps blood through the aorta to all body parts. Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 13.2 Blood Flow Within the Heart Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Figure 13.3 Major Cardiovascular Disease Age-Adjusted Death Rates by State Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved The Major Cardiovascular Diseases (1 of 7) Hypertension – Systolic blood pressure, the top number, refers to the pressure of blood in the arteries when the heart muscle contracts, sending blood to the rest of the body. – Diastolic blood pressure, the bottom number, refers to the pressure of blood on the arteries when the heart muscle relaxes, as blood is reentering the heart chambers. Copyright © 2023 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Table 13.1 Blood Pressure Classifications Systolic Diastolic Blood Pressure Category (mmHg) Blank (mmHg) Normal less than 120 and less than 80 Elevated 120–129 or