Chapter 10 Part 1 Program Development Creating Systems and Applications PDF
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Universiti Sains Malaysia
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This document provides an overview of program development, covering objectives, the role of a developer, reasons for development, managing development changes, user experience, and the phases and methods of development within the software development life cycle (SDLC).
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Chapter 10: Program Development: Creating Systems and Applications Part 1 Objectives Identify the role of a developer Explain the methods of development Describe the tools and strategies critical to system development Identify other roles and tasks in development...
Chapter 10: Program Development: Creating Systems and Applications Part 1 Objectives Identify the role of a developer Explain the methods of development Describe the tools and strategies critical to system development Identify other roles and tasks in development Identify application development languages and tools Identify strategies for designing secure systems and applications Explain how to sell your app Explain the importance of ethics in development Apply decision-making strategies to solve problems What Does a Developer Do? Development involves creating information systems, programs, or apps from the idea stage to user distribution. It encompasses designing, coding, programming, and testing, involving multiple steps and people. Programs and apps are software with coded instructions, while information systems combine hardware, software, data, people, and procedures to produce information. What Does a Developer Do? The development cycle involves key steps and roles, essential whether designing an information system or an app. Understanding the basics enables informed decisions about system or app needs. What Does a Developer Do? Developers' General Guidelines Group activities into phases: planning, analysis, design, implementation, security, and support. Involve users such as customers, employees, data entry specialists, and accountants. Define standards to ensure consistent results in the final product. Reasons for Development Why Create a New Product or App? Address a new or developing need or service (e.g., ride-share apps). Extend existing offerings (e.g., shopping apps for websites). Generate income through sales, in-app purchases, or advertising. Why Request a New or Modified Information System? Correct issues like incorrect calculations or security breaches. Enhance the system with improved hardware, software, or technology. Reasons for Development External factors like mandates, mergers, reorganizations, or competition can drive system changes. Users initiate the process with a formal project request for a new or modified system or app. The project request is the first piece of project documentation. Documentation summarizes project- specific data, information, and deliverables. Developers may assist with the request or take on the project after submission. Managing Development Changes The developer, as project leader, monitors and controls the project after features and deadlines are set. Some activities may take less or more time than planned. Scope creep occurs when unplanned activities expand the project’s scope. The scope includes goals, objectives, and expectations. Managing Development Changes Project leaders should recognize and address changes in a project, plan for opportunities, and communicate revised plans for approval. For example, if scope creep delays the original deadline, the leader may extend the deadline or reduce the scope to meet it. Changes must be agreed upon by all stakeholders. User Experience User Experience (UX) in Development Focuses on user reactions and interactions with the product. Prioritizes efficiency, effectiveness, and ease of use. Plays a role in all stages of software development. Customer needs shape the project scope during analysis. User Experience A designer considers user interaction to create an appealing and user-friendly design. User Experience Programmers and testers collaborate to identify and resolve potential issues. Designers use wireframes, which are blueprints outlining different program aspects and user Phases and Methods of Development As previously stated, a project starts with a request or need for a new system or app, or enhancements to a current one. These requests may arise because new technology is available to improve an existing product or a need is identified. Regardless of how the need arises, you should view a project in terms of solving a problem. Phases and Methods of Development Part of forming a request for a project is to determine its description (what type of program is it, and how will it be created?), purpose (how will it be used?), and goals (what are the desired outcomes?). Another important determination is what type of data will the program collect and produce and what data type(s) are needed. Once the idea of a project is formed, the development can start. The set of activities used to build an app is called the software development life cycle (SDLC). Phases and Methods of Development The phases in the SDLC also can be applied to system development. Each activity, or phase, is a step in the life cycle. The goal in creating and using an SDLC is to produce the fastest, least expensive, and highest quality product. Phases and Methods of Development The steps can vary, and sometimes overlap, but most development processes include most or all of the following phases: planning, analysis, design, implementation, testing support and maintenance System development also includes training users. To give context to each phase, consider the example of building a virtual reality app for firefighters to simulate fighting a fire in a high-rise building. SDLC (Software Development Lifecycle) Planning Phase The planning phase for a project begins with a request for the project and is triggered by the development of the project documentation. The request might come to a committee that authorizes development; that committee might consist of business managers, managers, and IT professionals. The committee performs four major activities, as follows: Review and approve requests. Prioritize project requests. Allocate resources such as money, people, and equipment. Form a project development team. Analysis Phase The analysis phase consists of two major components: conducting a preliminary investigation and performing detailed analysis. The preliminary investigation sometimes is called a feasibility study. The goal of this part of the phase is to determine if the project is worth pursuing. Feasibility is the measure of the suitability of the development process to the individual project at any given time.