Chapter 1 - Characteristics And Classification Of Living Organisms PDF

Characteristics & Classification of Living Organisms Mr Shafizal Lesson Objectives  To describe the 7 characteristics of living organisms  Using the binomial naming system to group organisms  Using and constructing dichotomous key  State main features of ve...

Characteristics & Classification of Living Organisms Mr Shafizal Lesson Objectives  To describe the 7 characteristics of living organisms  Using the binomial naming system to group organisms  Using and constructing dichotomous key  State main features of vertebrates and invertebrates  State the main features used to place all organisms into one of the five kingdoms  State the main features used to place organisms into groups within the plant kingdom  State the features of viruses Are these living organisms? Explain your answer. 7 Characteristics of Living Organisms  Movement  Respiration  Sensitivity  Growth  Reproduction  Excretion  Nutrition Activity 1.1  Work as groups  Tour around the school compound  Choose a living organism  Observe & jot down the 7 characteristics of living organism of your choice in a table. The biological classification system  Classification = putting things into groups  All organisms originates from a common ancestor which gives rise to several different species  For example: all mammals are related as they all share a relatively recent common ancestor The biological classification system  Species = a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring  Organisms may be given a scientific name (binomial system)  Living organisms are classified according to their features  Classification hierarchy  King  Animalia  Philip  Chordata  Comes  Mammalia  Over  Primate  For  Hominidae  Good  Homo  Soup  sapien  Binomial name = Homo sapien Dichotomous Key Methods of Classification 1) Morphology – what the organism looks like. (shapes) Textbook (pg. 7-8) go to 2 go to 3 go to 4 Methods of Classification 2) Anatomy – body structure of organism. Magnolia Elm Walnut Pine Spruce White oak Chestnut Holly Activity 1.2: Construct a Key using statements 1. Make a list of features observable on plants (eg. Colour of flower petals, shape of petals, etc) 2. Concentrate on a group that contains more than one flower. 3. Write down 2 statements for each features (Remember: the two statements need to be ‘opposites’ of one another) 4. Keep splitting the flowers into 2 further groups until each statement contains only one flower. 5. Go back to your key and make changes/improve. 6. Tips: try to make a flow chart first Activity 1.2: Construct a Key using statements  Textbook (pg. 9) The 5 Kingdoms The 5 Kingdoms  1) The Prokaryote Kingdom  Cell structure: Unicellular, cell wall (made of peptidoglycan), no mitochondria, often have plasmids, sometimes have flagellum  Nucleus: No nucleus  Nutrition: absorptive (heterotrophic) OR perform photosynthesis (autotrophic).  Draw & label: cytoplasm, cell wall,  Reproduction: Asexual cell membrane, capsule, plasmid & DNA, flagellum  2) The Fungus Kingdom  Sporangium: spore-bearing structure  Spores: Tiny groups of cells with tough protective coverings. Spread by the winds or animals.  Hyphae: microscopic threads used to absorb nutrients  Mycelium: networks of hyphae  Characteristics of Fungi  Usually multicellular but some may be unicellular.  Have nuclei & cell walls that are NOT made of cellulose.  Don’t have chlorophyll  Feed by digesting waste organic material (external digestion) and absorbing it into their cells.  Many fungi are decomposers, they breakdown nutrients from dead organisms and return the nutrients to the soil.  Examples of fungi: mushroom, yeast Can you think of some ways that we can use fungi for?  3) The Protoctist Kingdom Paramecium  2 types of protoctists:  Animal-like protoctist (feed on organic substance made by other living organisms)  Plant-like protoctist (feed by making their own food by photosynthesis)  They are mostly unicellular (eg. Paramecium & chlamydomonas) but some are multicellular (eg. Seaweeds) 4) The Plant Kingdom The Plant Kingdom Flowering plants Non flowering plants  Flowering Plants - Characteristics  Have roots, stems and leaves  Reproduce using flowers and seeds  Seeds produced inside an ovary, in the flower Monocotyledons Flowering Plants Dicotyledons Flowering Plants  Non- flowering Plant  Example: ferns  Characteristics:  Have roots, stems and leaves (called fronds)  Do NOT produce flowers  Reproduce by spores produced on the underside of the fronds 5) The Animal The Animal Kingdom Kingdom Vertebrates Invertebrates Activity 1.3 - Quizizz  The link will be sent to you ☺ Viruses Summary  All living organisms show seven characteristics: Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion & Nutrition  Organisms are classified into groups according to the features that they share  The binomial name consist of the genus and the species  Dichotomous keys are used to identify organisms, made of contrasting statements, refer to one organisms at a time  When constructing a dichotomous key, comparative or subjective descriptions (eg. Large, taller) are not suitable.  Vertebrates are animals with backbones, consisting of 5 main groups: fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.  Arthropods are animals with exoskeleton and jointed legs. They include crustaceans, arachnids, myriapods and insects.  Plants can be categorised as flowering or non-flowering. Flowering plants can be classified as monocots or dicots.  Viruses are not living organisms as they are not consist of cells and do not have the characteristics of living organisms.