Fundamentals of Leadership in Nursing PDF

Fundamentals of Leadership in Nursing Assoc. Prof. Charuwan Tadadej RN., Ph.D., SFHEA Learning objective After learning this session, students will be able to 1. Explain the key concept of leadership theories 2. Discuss the Leadership styles and their impact on nursing pract...

Fundamentals of Leadership in Nursing Assoc. Prof. Charuwan Tadadej RN., Ph.D., SFHEA Learning objective After learning this session, students will be able to 1. Explain the key concept of leadership theories 2. Discuss the Leadership styles and their impact on nursing practice 3. Discuss the characteristics of 21 leaders st Contents Theories of leadership Leadership styles and their impact on nursing practice Self assessment of leadership skill Activity 1: Please answer Are you a leader? Why should any one be lead by you? Theories of leadership Definition of leader and leadership Framework for understanding leadership Models and Theories of leadership Leaders and Manager The WHO System Framework Framework for Understanding Leadership Leadership effectiveness Leadership behavior and style Group member characteristic Internal and External environment Leader characteristics and traits Level of Organizational Leader? Level I: Governance Level II: Chief Executive Level III: Hospital Leaders Level IIV: Department/Service leader JCI standard for Hospital 8th ed. Definition of leader and leadership Definition of Leader A leader is someone with commanding authority or influence A leader is a person who influences a group of people towards the achievement of a goal. (Person, People and Purpose) (Alan S.L. Wong) A leader is a person who influences individuals and group within organization, help them in establish goals, and guide them toward achievement of those goals, thereby allowing them to be effective. (Afsana Nahavandi)  “It is better to lead from behind and to put others in front, especially when you celebrate victory when nice things occur. You take the front line when there is danger. Then people will appreciate your leadership.” (Nelson Mandela, South African political leader) “A leader is best when people barely know he exists…when his work is done, his aim fulfilled, they will all say: We did it ourselves.” — Lao-Tzu, an ancient philosopher and founder of Taoism Link video with leadership effectiveness (Roselinde Torres) Roselinde Torres(Leadership expert (https://www.ted.com/talks/roselinde_torres_what_it_takes_to_be_a_ great_leader)  Leadership A traditional definition of leadership A new definition of Leadership Leadership is an interpersonal Leadership is a dynamic relationship influence directed toward the based on mutual influence and achievement of a goal or goals. common purpose between leaders and collaborators in which both are moved to higher levels of motivation and moral developments as they affect real, intended change. Leadership (Alan S.L. Wong) Person: Position or Authority Committed to goals; influence people People: Group of people---follower Purpose: Goals(AIMS) Achievable/Inspire/Measurable/Share Definition of leadership Leadership is accepting responsibility to enabling other to achieve shared purpose in the face of uncertainty. (Kate Hilton IHI, 2017) Leadership is a relationship through with one person influences the behaviors or actions of other people. Leadership is the process of influencing the activities of an organized in its efforts toward goal-setting and goal achievement. Models and Theories of Leadership Models and Theories of Leadership The Different views of leadership Trait definition of leadership vs Process definition of leadership The different approaches in leadership Trait/ Cognitive/ Relationship/ Contingency/ Morality and follower development Different views of leadership Trait theories (Marquis & Huston, 2006) Key problems with trait theory It is very difficult to define accurately and understand fully of these characteristics; There are many exceptional leaders who do not process all identified leadership traits; The possession most of all of these traits does not mean that a person is a better or worse manager or leader; and It is questionable whether an individual could have all of these traits Cognitive approach Cognitive resource theory This theory is a situational model that deal with the cognitive abilities of the leaders. Leadership skill model This theory relies on the leader abilities to implement solutions to complex problems. (Technical skill; Human skill; Conceptualize skill; political skill) Relationship approach These approaches to leadership examine the dyadic relationship that exists between leaders and followers. They exam the leader and follower relationship variables that effect leadership performance. Example of relationship theories; Transactional Leadership Psychodynamic Leadership Participative Leadership Leader-member Exchange Theory Social Exchange Theory Contingency Approach Contingency Model Situational Leadership Model Path-goal Theory of Leadership Multiple Linkage Model of Leadership Leadership Substitute Theory Normative Decision Model Example: Situational Leadership Model The premise of this theory is that different situation demand different kinds of leadership. This model stress that leadership composed of both directive and supportive dimensions; and each has to be applied appropriately in a given situation Four leadership styles: Delegating: Low supporting and Low directing behaviors Supporting: High supporting and Low directing behaviors Coaching: High supporting and High directing behaviors Directing: Low supporting and High directing behaviors Overview of Change Theories 25 Style Approach In this approach, the leader attempts to influence followers to contribute group goal. Distinction are often made between styles that focus on task and those that focus on relationship group members, as well as style that are autocratic, democratic, and laissez fair. eg. The managerial grid style of leadership The managerial grid style of leadership (The university of Michigan studies) Blake & Mouton’s managerial grid style of leadership: Country club management (1, 9) Impoverished management (1, 1) Team management (9, 9) Authority- Obedience (9, 1) Organization Man Management (5, 5) Approach with emphasize on morality and follower development Charismatic Leadership Transformational Leadership Servant Leadership Transformational leadership Transformational leadership is a process that changes and transforms individuals. It is often associated with ethics and involve long term goals. It is concern with emotions, value, ethics, standards, and long term goals and included assessing follower motive, satisfy their needs, and treating them as full human being. It is concerned both with the performance of followers as well as developing them to full potential. Link video Charismatic Leadership Gregg Learning https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nj1eory1Zbo Transformational Leadership Simple Academics https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9u8_ctKso0Y Servant Leadership Agile at Barclaycard https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKk0AaaFqtU Activity 2: Read the article Relationship between Leadership Behaviors and Job Satisfaction among Nurses in Hospitals of South Kordofan State, Sudan What did you learn from this article. Leader VS Manager Leader Manager Traditional leadership style vs Contemporary leadership style Traditional leadership style is based on the Contemporary leadership style is believed belief that power is bestowed on the leader that ’effective leaders are those who have Trait model cognitive and behavioral capacity to recognize and react to paradox, Behavioral model (Autocratic contradiction, and complexity in their style/Democratic style/Laissez-faire environments” style/ Bureaucratic style) Charismatic/Transactional/transformati Situational model onal leadership styles (Schnake, Dumler,&Cochran, 1993; (Denison, Hooijberg, &Quinn,1995; Northhouse, 2010; Slack & parent, 2006) Leithwood, 1992;Borkowski, 2005) Characteristics of 21 leaders st Create a vision and get other to share the vision Honesty and Integrity and demonstrate a commitment to vision/mission Ability to Trust and Empower Continual learning Communicative, Collaborative and Connected Creator of partnership Positive Energy Team facilitator Confidence Knowledge synthesizers Commitment and Persistence System thinker Willingness to learn, Unlearn and Relearn Set priorities Entrepreneurial, Creative and Innovative Leadership as a function within an organization Leadership is the action of leading people in organization to achieving goals. It is sources of power and influence over others. Leaders do this by influencing employee behaviors in several way: Set a clear vision Planning Organizing Staffing Directing Coordinating Reporting and Budgeting MBNQA Framework  Baldrige is a nonprescriptive framework that empowers your organization to reach its goals, improve results, and become more competitive. It incorporates proven practices on current leadership and management issues into a set of questions that help you manage all the components of your organization as a unified whole. Source: https://www.nist.gov/baldrige/about-baldrige-excellence- framework-health-care The Baldrige Health Care Criteria are organized into seven categories representing key areas of your organization: (1) Leadership; (2) Strategy; (3) Customers; (4) Measurement, Analysis, and Knowledge Management; (5) Workforce; (6) Operations; and (7) Results.  Q/A Are you a leader? Why should any one be lead by you? Refection What did you learn from this session? Each student will share what did they learn from this session ( each student will have 1 minute) References Czabanowska, K., Rethmeier, K.A., Lueddeke,G., Smith,T., ́ Malho, A., Otok, R., Stankunas, M. Public health in the 21 century: working differently means leading and learning differently. European Journal of Public Health 2014,vol24(6), p1047-1052. Joint Commission International (2025). Joint Commission International Standard for Hospital, 8th Edition. Oakbrook Terraces, Illinois: Joint commission Resources. References (con’t) MBNQA https://www.nist.gov/baldrige/about-baldrige- excellenceframework-health-care Northouse, P. Leadership: Theory and Practice (6th ed.). UK: Sage Publication; 2014.