Leadership Theories and Effectiveness Quiz

Fundamentals of Leadership in Nursing

• The presenter is Assoc. Prof. Charuwan Tadadej RN, Ph.D., SFHEA
• Learning objectives include:
  • Explaining key leadership theories
  • Discussing leadership styles and their impact on nursing practice
  • Discussing characteristics of 21st-century leaders
• Content areas include: theories of leadership, leadership styles, and self-assessment of leadership skills

Learning Objectives

• Students will be able to explain key leadership theories after the session.
• Students will be able to discuss leadership styles and their impact on nursing practice after the session.
• Students will be able to discuss the characteristics of 21st-century leaders after the session.

Activity 1

• Students are asked to answer, are you a leader? and why should anyone be led by you?

Theories of Leadership

• The session will cover definitions of leader and leadership.
• A framework for understanding leadership will be presented.
• Models and theories of leadership will be discussed.
• Discussion of the difference between leaders and managers.

WHO System Framework

• A diagram showing the interconnected elements of a health care system.
• Includes building blocks for service delivery, workforce, health information systems, access, quality, safety, leadership, and financing, and outcomes like improved health and efficiency.

Framework for Understanding Leadership

• Includes leadership effectiveness, leadership behavior and style, group member characteristics, internal and external environment, and leader characteristics and traits.

Levels of Organizational Leaders

• Level I: Governance
• Level II: Chief Executive
• Level III: Hospital Leaders
• Level IV: Department/Service Leaders

Definition of Leader

• A leader is someone with command authority or influence in achieving goals (Alan S.L. Wong).
• A leader influences individuals and groups to achieve organizational goals (Afsana Nahavandi).

Quotes on Leadership

• "It is better to lead from behind and to put others in front, especially when you celebrate victory when nice things occur. You take the front line when there is danger. Then people will appreciate your leadership." (Nelson Mandela)
• "A leader is best when people barely know he exists...when his work is done, his aim fulfilled, they will all say: We did it ourselves." (Lao-Tzu)

Video Link

• Links to videos on leadership effectiveness (Roselinde Torres)

New Definition of Leadership

• Leadership is a dynamic relationship based on mutual influence and common purpose between leaders and collaborators. It involves moving both parties to higher levels of motivation and moral development, affecting real intended change.

Leadership (Alan S.L. Wong)

• Leadership includes the individual (position or authority, committed to goals and influenced individuals), people (follower), and purpose (achievement/measurable goals).

Definition of Leadership

• Accepting responsibility to enable others to achieve a shared purpose (Kate Hilton IHI, 2017)
• A relationship where one individual influences the behaviors of others.
• The process of influencing organized activities toward goal-setting and achievement.

Models and Theories of Leadership

• Different views of leadership
• Trait definition of leadership vs process definition of leadership
• Different approaches in leadership (Trait/Cognitive/Relationship/Contingency/Morality and follower development).

Different Views of Leadership

• Trait: Leaders have specific traits or characteristics.
• Process: Leadership is an interplay between leaders and followers.
• Diagram showing the contrast between the two views

Trait Theories

• Specific traits associated with leadership effectiveness detailed according to Marquis & Huston (2006)
• Include intelligence, knowledge, judgment, decisiveness, oral fluency, adaptability, creativity, cooperativeness, alertness, self-confidence, personal integrity, emotional balance, non-conformity, independence, ability to enlist cooperation, interpersonal skills, tact, diplomacy and prestige

Key Problems with Trait Theory

• Difficulty defining leadership characteristics accurately and fully.
• Exceptional leaders may not possess all identified traits.
• Trait possession doesn't necessarily imply better leadership.
• It is questionable if all the identified traits are in one person

Cognitive Approach

• Cognitive resource theory (situational model dealing with cognitive abilities of leaders).
• Leadership skill model (relies on leader abilities to implement solutions to complex problems, including technical, human, conceptual and political skills).

Relationship Approach

• Examines dyadic relationships (leader-follower).
• Investigates the dynamics and variables impacting leadership.
• Example theories: Transactional, Psychodynamic, Participative, Leader-Member Exchange, and Social Exchange.

Contingency Approach

• Contingency Model
• Situational Leadership Model
• Path-goal Theory of Leadership
• Multiple Linkage Model of Leadership
• Leadership Substitute Theory
• Normative Decision Model

Situational Leadership Model

• Different situations require varying leadership styles.
• Leadership consists of both directive and supportive dimensions.
• Four styles: Delegating, Supporting, Coaching, Directing.

Style Approach

• Leaders attempt to influence followers to contribute to the group goal.
• Different styles: Autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire.
• Example: The managerial grid style of leadership

Managerial Grid Style of Leadership

• Blake & Mouton's managerial grid
• Country club management (1, 9)
• Impoverished management (1, 1)
• Team management (9, 9)
• Authority-Obedience (9, 1)
• Organization Man Management (5,5)

Approach with Emphasis on Morality and Follower Development

• Charismatic leadership
• Transformational leadership
• Servant leadership

Transformational Leadership

• A process changing and transforming individuals.
• Often associated with ethics and long-term goals.
• Focus on emotions, values, ethics, and standards.
• Assessing follower motives, satisfying needs, and treating them as human beings.
• Concerned with follower performance and development.

Video Links

• Various video links for charismatic, transformational, and servant leadership.

Activity 2

• Students asked to read articles on Relationship between Leadership Behaviors and Job Satisfaction among Nurses in Hospitals of South Kordofan State, Sudan.
• A discussion on what they learn from the articles.

Leader VS Manager

• Comparing traits and behaviors of a leader vs. a manager and their characteristics

Traditional leadership style VS Contemporary leadership style

• Contrast of traditional and contemporary leadership views.
• Traditional: Power bestowed on the leader, trait model, behavioral models.
• Contemporary: Effective leaders who recognize complexities, Charismatic/Transactional/ Transformational.

Characteristics of 21st-Century Leaders

• Create a vision and share it with others.
• Commitment to vision/mission.
• Continuous learning.
• Creator of partnerships.
• Team facilitator.
• Knowledge synthesizer.
• System thinker.
• Prioritization skills.
• Honesty/Integrity
• Ability to trust and empower
• Communicative, collaborative, and connected
• Positive energy/Confidence
• Commitment & persistence
• Willingness to learn, unlearn and relearn
• Entrepreneurial/creative/innovative

Leadership as a Function Within an Organization

• Defines leadership and its importance in achieving organizational goals.
• Covers the following functions:
  • Setting a clear vision.
  • Planning.
  • Organizing.
  • Staffing.
  • Directing.
  • Coordinating.
  • Reporting.
  • Budgeting

MBNQA Framework

• A non-prescriptive framework.
• Empowers your organization to reach its goals and become competitive.
• Incorporates proven practices for current management and leadership.
• Manages all organizational components as a unified whole.
• Diagram illustrating the framework and its components: Business, Nonprofit, Education, Organizational Profile (Strategy, Workforce, Integration, Customers, Operations, Results, Service, Healthcare, Manufacturing), Core Values and Concepts, and Measurement, Analysis, and Knowledge Management.

Baldrige Criteria

• The Baldrige Health Care Criteria is organized into seven key areas: Leadership, Strategy, Customers, Measurement, Analysis, and Knowledge Management, Workforce, Operations and Results

The Role of Core Values and Concepts

• Illustrates the role of core values and concepts within a Baldrige Framework.
• Includes elements like Systems Perspective, Visionary Leadership, Customer-Focus, Agility, and Resilience, Organizational Learning, Success and Innovation focus, Management by Fact, Societal Contributions, Ethics, and Transparency and Delivering Value and Results.

Q/A Session

• Students are asked, "Are you a leader?" and "Why should anyone be led by you?"

Reflection

• Students will be asked, "What did you learn from this session?" Each student will be allowed a minute to share

References

• Includes various scholarly articles, and documents on leadership theory, practices and applications within the health care industry and organizations

Test your knowledge on key leadership theories and effectiveness as presented by various thought leaders. This quiz explores definitions of leadership, components that define a leader, and insights on leadership styles. Ideal for students looking to enhance their understanding of leadership concepts.