Earth and Life Science Grade 11 Quarter II Week 1 PDF

11 Earth and Life Science Quarter II – Week 1 The Concept and Origin of Life CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY Senior High School– Grade 11 Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets (CLAS) Quarter II - Week 1: The Concept and Origin of Life...

11 Earth and Life Science Quarter II – Week 1 The Concept and Origin of Life CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY Senior High School– Grade 11 Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets (CLAS) Quarter II - Week 1: The Concept and Origin of Life First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, Section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for the exploitation of such work for a profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this CLAS are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Schools Division of Puerto Princesa City Development Team of the Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets Writers: Brandon C. Manglapus (Palawan NS) Content Editors: Geraldine B. Dangan (Palawan NS) Sheryll C. Saclet (Mandaragat SMSHS) Language Editor: Hazel Joyce A. Aquino (Palawan NS) Proofreader: Angela Mae G. Tacan (Palawan NS) Reviewers:Rolando A. Taha Ed.D.,EPS-Science Illustrator:Brandon C. Manglapus (Palawan NS) Layout Artist:Brandon C. Manglapus (Palawan NS) Management Team: Servillano A. Arzaga, CESO V, SDS Loida P. Adornado, PhD. ASDS Cyril C. Serador, PhD. CID Chief Ronald S. Brillantes, EPS-LRMS Manager Rolando S. Taha,EdD. EPS-Science Eva Joyce C. Presto, PDO II Rhea Ann A. Navilla, Librarian II Division LR Evaluators:Carrisa M. Calalin (Puerto Princesa City SNHS) Division of Puerto Princesa City-Learning Resource Management Section (LRMS) Sta. Monica Heights, Brgy. Sta. Monica, Puerto Princesa City Telephone No.: (048) 434 9438 Email Address: [email protected] Name: Grade & Section: Lesson 1 The Concept and Origin of Life MELC: Explain the evolving concept of life based on emerging pieces of evidence. S11/12LT-IIa-1 Objectives: 1. Explain the various theories on how life originated on Earth 2. Describe classic experiments that model conditions which may have enabled the first forms to evolve 3. Describe the seven emergen properties associated with life Let’s Explore and Discover The Concept of Life “What makes life so amazing?” Unlocking of Difficulties Life on Earth began more than 3 billion years ago, evolving from the most basic of microbes into dazzling array of complexity Primordial soup is overtime.But how did the first organism on Earth develop from a generic term that primordial soup? describe the aqueous solution of Life and living things, including the laws that govern the organic compounds phenomena of life the study of life itself, is a vast subject, with that accumulated many sub-disciplines that concentrate on specific aspects of in primitive water biology. Every aspect of life from the smallest submicroscopic living bodies of the early particle to the largest and most imposing of plant and animals Earth. species included. It is usually easy to recognize life but it is often much harder to define it. All living things are made of cells. Some organisms are unicellular and consist of only a single cell that carries out all life processes. Figure 1- Different unicellular organisms. Other organisms are multicellular and are composed of many cells which perform specialized and specific functions. 1. Figure 2- Epithelial cells of multicellular organisms A living entity,regardless of its structure, size, or behavior is an organism that possesses characteristics that most biologists have agreed upon. These are: a. Locomotion- refers to the ability of organisms to move. b. Irritability- ability to respond to an environment stimulus. c. Metabolism- refers to the sum total of the chemical reactions taking place in an organism. d. Growth- increase in size and number of cells. e. Adaptation- characteristics that allow an organism to survive in its environment. f. Homeostasis- ability to maintain a state of balance or equilibrium. g. Reproduction- is the ability to produce new individuals closely resembling them. h. Cellular organization- refers to the parts and function of the cell in an organism. Figure 3- MRS.GREN mnemonics of the 7 characteristics of life 2  The Origin of Life “Where did the first life come from?” There are many theories to consider about the origin of life. The evolutionists particularly Charles Darwin talked more about the process of evolution to explain how life developed. According to him, there was growth from simple to complex forms. Theories on the Origin of Life 1. Special Creation Theory- many people believed that everything in this world was created by a Supreme Being,emphasizes that the source of all creation is God and with Him nothing is impossible. 2. Spontaneous Generation Theory-a hypothetical process by which living organism develop from non-living matter; also, the archaic theory that utilizes this process to explain the origin of life. Francisco Redi, Lazaro Spallanzi and Louis Pasteur were some scientist who performed experiments disproving this theory. 3. Biogenetic Theory-ancient scientists knew from the common experience of farmers and shepherds that life produced life, that each animal and plant produce its own kind. They saw the earthworm grew out of tiny eggs that had been laid by other worms. 4. Abiogenetic Synthesis Theory- Alexander Oparin, a Russian biochemist, presented this theory.According to him, “the first organisms were probably form out of organic chemicals and processes that were much simpler than those that exist today. Out of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, molecules were formed from which complex compound develop. Other Theories on the Origin of Life 1. Beneath the Ice- some evidences indicates that Earth’s oceans were covered with ice. This ice may have been hundreds of meter thick, mainly due to the sun being much less fierce than it is nowadays. This theory contends that the icemay have protected the compounds, allowing them to interact and, thereby, creating life. 2. Electricity- it has proven that electricity can produce simple sugars and amino acids from simple elements in the atmosphere. This lead to the theory that lightning may have been responsible for the origins of life, primarily by striking through rich volcanic clouds. 3. Panspermia (Cosmozoic Theory)- is the proposal that life on Earth began from rocks, and other debris from impacts, in the form of highly resistant spores (cosmozoa) such as meteorite. In fact,rocks from Mars have been found here on Earth, and it has been suggested that any one of these would have brought microbes that could have kick- started life. 4. RNA World- Ribonucleic acid(RNA) is known today for its role in the expression of genes.To put it simply,DNA unzips,revealing the necessary gene that is being called for by the body, then RNA is transcribed from sinlge nucleotides, copying the revealed segment for gene expression.This theory states that all lofe sprouted from a complex RNA world.This is plausible, as RNA is far more self-regulating, if less efficient, than DNA. 5. Simple Metabolism and Reactions-in contrast to RNA theory, this approach suggests that the primordial soup simply continued to react with itself over time, producing more and more complex molecules, eventually yielding life. 6. Clay Breeding Ground- it is suggested that clay my have served as an area of concentrated chemical activity, providing a breeding ground for DNA and other components. Organic chemist Alexander Graham Cairns-Smith suggested that mineral crystals in clay could have arranged organic molecules into organized patterns. After a while, organic molecules took over this job and organized themselves. 3  7. Submarine Hydrothermal Vents- the nutrient-rich environment filled with reactive gases and catalysts, creates a habitat teeming with life.Studies suggest that life may have been originated from within this vents, a theory that cannot be ignored, and one that may in fact tie in with the ice theory explained earlier Let’s Practice Directions: Give an example of how each organism exhibit the characteristics of life listed next to it.Write your answer on the space provided. Organism Characteristic of life Example sunflower irritability tadpole growth and development human metabolism snake nutrition bacteria reproduction bear adaptation Question 1. The ability to maintain a stable internal environment, or homeostasis, is another characteristics of life.Give three examples that illustrate how your body maintained homeostasis. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 Directions: Briefly state the postulates of each of the following theories on the origin of life. Theories Postulates Spontaneous Generation Theory Biogenetic Theory Abiogenetic Synthesis Theory Special Creation Theory Question 1. Aside from the Special Creation theory, which among the theories you are most convinced with? Justify your answer. __________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Let’s Do More The Miller-Urey experiment was a chemical experiment that stimulated the conditions thought at that time (1952) to be present on the early Earth and tested the chemical origin of life under those condition. Directions: Explain the experiment conducted by Miller and Urey that provided the first evidence that organic molecules needed for life could be formed from inorganic components.Below is an illustration for your guidance amd write your answer on the space provided. 5 ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Question 1. Which among the theories on the origin of life is best supported by Miller-Urey experiment? Justify your answer. __________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ Directions:Study the diagram of Francisco Redi’s experiment and explain how does this disprove the Spontaneous Generation Theory. Write your answer on the space provided. Let’s Sum It Up Activity 1 Directions: State the significance of each of the different characteristics of life in organism’s survival. 1.Locomotion-_________________________________________________________________. 2.Irritability-__________________________________________________________________. 3.Metabolism-_________________________________________________________________. 4.Adaptation-__________________________________________________________________. 5.Homeostasis-________________________________________________________________. 6.Growth-_____________________________________________________________________. 7.Reproduction-_______________________________________________________________. 6 Activity 2 Directions: State the strength and weaknesses of each of the following theories on the origin of life. Theory Strength Weakness Spontaneous Generation Theory Biogenetic Theory Abiogenetic Synthesis Theory Panspermia Beneath the Ice Let’s Assess Directions: Read the questions carefully and encircle the letter that correspond to the best answer. 1. Which of the following is not an attribute of all living things? A. Reproduction B.Maintain homeostasis C. Locomotion D. Irritability 2. What did the Miller-Urey experiment prove? A. That life arose on Earth through abiogenesis. B. That life could have also arisen from life. C. That life could have came from both living and non living D. All of the above. 3. Which is NOT an example of plants demonstrating the characteristics of life? A. A plant has stimuli that causes it to grow towards the sunlight. B. Plants are fierce to make adaptations depending on its environment. C. There are stages of growth that plants go through depending on favorable conditions. D. The leaves on plant move in reaction to the wind. 4. When the level of sugar in the blood is too high, the excess sugar is stored in the muscle to be used later as needed.Which characteristic of life is described here? A. Irritability B. Homeostasis C. Reproduction D. Adaptation 5. Which is the smallest unit of structure and function in living things? A. Proteins B. DNA C. Cells D. Molecules 6. Which of the following concept suggests life on Earth came from meteorites (outer space)? A. Beneath the Ice B. Panspermia C.RNA World D. Electricity 7. Which scientist disproved spontaneous generation of large organisms by showing maggots came from flies not from rotting meat? 7  A. Francisco Redi B. John Needham C. Lazaro Spallanzi D. Louis Pasteur 8. Which of the following theories suggests that the primordial soup simply continued to react with itself overtime, producing more and more complex molecules and eventually yielding life? A. RNA world B. Panspermia C. Simple Metabolism reactions D. Electricity 9. Chemical reactions that occur within the body are best categorized by which characteristics of life? A. Metabolism B. Homeostasis C. Irritabilty D. Reproduction 10. A sunflower follows the sun as it move across the sky during the day. This is an example of which characteristics of life? A. Growth B. Reproduction C. Homeostasis D. Irritability Answer Key Let’s Practice Activity 1 Activity 2 sunflower Spontaneous tadpole Generation Biogenetic human Snake Abiogenetic bacteria Special bear Creation Lets Do More Let’s Sum It Up Let’s Assess Activity 1-answers may vary Activity 1- answers may vary Activity 2-answers may vary Activity 2- answers may vary Reference Book Moncada, Maria Noemi M.,Rolly B. Bayo-ang,Maria Lordes G. Coronacion,Anna Mae T. Jorda, and Anna Jamille Restubog.Earth and Life Science For Senior High School. Pasig City: Department of Education, 2015. 8 FEEDBACK SLIP A. FOR THE LEARNER Thank you very much for using this CLAS. This learner’s material is aimed at ensuring your worthwhile learning through the help of your family members. For feedback purposes, kindly answer YES NO the following questions: 1. Are you happy and contented with your learning experiences using this CLAS? 2. Were you able to follow the processes and procedures that were indicated in the different learning activities? 3. Were you guided by anybody from your family while using this CLAS? 4. Was there any part of this CLAS that you found difficult? If yes, please specify what it was and why. B. FOR THE PARENTS / GUARDIANS Do you have any suggestions or recommendations on how we can make improvements to this module to better serve the learners? Yes (Please indicate what this is/these are.) None Contact Number: __________________________________ NAME OF SCHOOL: Teacher’s Name and Signature: Parent’s / Guardian’s Name and Signature: Date Received: Date Returned: 9