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## The Earth's Layers The Earth's layers are: - **Crust** - This is the outermost layer of the Earth and is made up of solid rock. It is divided into two parts: - **Oceanic crust** - This crust is found beneath the ocean basins and is thinner and denser than the continental crust. - **Cont...

## The Earth's Layers The Earth's layers are: - **Crust** - This is the outermost layer of the Earth and is made up of solid rock. It is divided into two parts: - **Oceanic crust** - This crust is found beneath the ocean basins and is thinner and denser than the continental crust. - **Continental crust** - This crust forms the continents and is thicker and less dense than the oceanic crust. - **Mantle** - This layer lies beneath the crust and is the largest layer, consisting of mostly solid rock. It is divided into two parts: - **Upper Mantle** - The upper mantle is characterized by high temperatures and pressures. - **Lower Mantle** - The lower mantle is a solid, hot, and dense layer that extends to the core. - **Core** - This is the Earth's innermost layer and is divided into two parts: - **Outer Core** - The outer core is a liquid layer made up of iron and nickel. It generates the Earth's magnetic field. - **Inner Core** - The inner core is a solid ball of iron and nickel, despite its extremely high temperatures due to immense pressure. ### Major Discontinuities These are the two major discontinuities within Earth's layers: - **Mohorovicic discontinuity** - This is the boundary between the crust and the mantle. - **Gutenberg discontinuity** - This is the boundary between the mantle and the core. ### 21st Century Skills **Activity Time:** Model Making – Interior of the Earth **Materials:** Clay (red, yellow and blue), sparkle glue, cutter/scissor **Procedure:** 1. Use red clay to make a ball to represent the inner core. 2. Use yellow clay to make a layer around the inner core to represent the outer core. 3. Use blue clay to make a larger layer around the outer core to represent the lower mantle. 4. Use blue clay to make another layer around the lower mantle to represent the upper mantle. 5. Use green clay to form a layer around the upper mantle to represent the crust. 6. Stick the model pieces together and use sparkle glue to make it look more realistic.