BIOL 1406 Exam 5 Review (PDF)

Exam \#5 Review =============== **Chapter 16: Molecular Basis of inheritance** - Discovery and structure of DNA - Griffith and Avery experiment-observations and conclusions - Hershey and Chase experiment-observations and conclusions - Chargaff\'s rule - X-ray diffract...

Exam \#5 Review =============== **Chapter 16: Molecular Basis of inheritance** - Discovery and structure of DNA - Griffith and Avery experiment-observations and conclusions - Hershey and Chase experiment-observations and conclusions - Chargaff\'s rule - X-ray diffraction of crystallized DNA (what we learned) - Watson and Crick - Put it all together, chemical structure - DNA Replication mechanics - Terms-semiconservative, antiparallel, origin of replication - Which model of DNA replication and Meselson and Stahl experiment - Players of DNA rep: origin of replication, replication fork, helicase, ssb proteins, topoisomerase, primase, DNA pol I and III, DNA ligase - 5\'3\' rules - Leading vs. lagging strand - Problem solve: How to create a replicate strand from a template given origin of replication and knowing 5\'3\' rule - Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryote DNA rep - Repairing DNA - How it works and enzymes involved - Telomeres - telomerase - Organization of DNA (review of some vocab): histone, nucleosome, chromatin **Chapter 17: From Gene to Protein** - Discovery and intro: the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis and Srb and Horowitz - Overview of process and where it occurs, basic steps - Transcription - Players: RNA polymerase, promoter, terminator, transcription unit, Transcription factors, TATA box - Transcript processing - 5\' cap, poly A tail - RNA splicing, introns and exons, splicesome and alternative splicing - Translation - Terms - Redundancy of the code and cracking the code - More codons than amino acids (and more tRNAS than codons) - Base pair rules for 3^rd^ position=Wobble - Players: tRNA (structure and how they are \"charged\" with an amino acid), Ribosomes (ribosomal RNA with PA E sites), - Elongation of polypeptide cycle and termination - Getting to the RER: Signal recognition particle - Prokaryote vs. eukaryote: polyribosomes and why this can occur - Types of mutations at level of DNA - Point, insertion, deletion - nucleotide-pair substitution resulting in silent, missense, nonsense - frame shift mutations - Examples: sickle-cell - Interpreting codon table **Chapter 19: Viruses** - Introduction: Are viruses living (a review). How do they differ from prokaryotes (and bacterial infections in general) - Structure of viruses - What is contained within viral genome? - Capsids and envelopes - General replication biology - What determines host range of a virus? - Phage biology - Terms - T4 lytic cycle - Lysogenic vs. lytic cycles of lambda phages