BIO 150: Introduction to Animals Lecture Outline PDF

BIO 150: Diversity & History of Life Skeletal Outline for Lecture Lecture Topic: Introduction to Animals Note: On the last page of this skeletal outline there is a blank phylogenetic tree for the Animal Lineage. Keep this page out and available during the next few weeks to map synapomorphies. Anim...

BIO 150: Diversity & History of Life Skeletal Outline for Lecture Lecture Topic: Introduction to Animals Note: On the last page of this skeletal outline there is a blank phylogenetic tree for the Animal Lineage. Keep this page out and available during the next few weeks to map synapomorphies. Animal Characteristics 1. _________________________________________ 2. _______________________________________________________________________ a. ____________________ is an elastic _____________________________. b. Present in ______________, _____________, ______________, & ___________ c. __________________________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________ Feeding Strategies & Ecological Roles Strategy/Role Food Consumed Feeding Strategy Ecological Roles BIO 150: Diversity & History of Life Skeletal Outline for Lecture 4. _______________________________________ a. Purposes: _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ b. All animals (except ________________________) have _____________________ and ______________________ tissue to accomplish this. 5. ________________________________________________________________________ Life Cycle è Metamorphosis: ____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ o Adaptive Benefits: § ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ § ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ BIO 150: Diversity & History of Life Skeletal Outline for Lecture 6. ______________________________________ a. Definition: _________________________________________________________ b. Function: __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Animal Categorization Body Symmetry _____ planes of _____ planes of _____ planes of _____ planes of symmetry symmetry symmetry symmetry Drawing of Example Drawing of Example Drawing of Example Drawing of Example Tissue Layers o Diploblasts have ____________________________ (______________________ and ________________________) o Triploblasts have ___________________________ ((______________________, ________________________, and ________________________) BIO 150: Diversity & History of Life Skeletal Outline for Lecture è Tissue Differentiation (or how a growing embryo determines what kinds of body parts each cell will become) o Gastrulation: _______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ o __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ o Building the animal’s _______________________________________ o Draw a blastula becoming a gastrula below Tissue Layer Definition Cell Types in Adult BIO 150: Diversity & History of Life Skeletal Outline for Lecture Gut Type or Organization of Digestive Tract Gut Type Name Number of Openings Food Direction Specialized Regions Body Cavity Type Coelom: _______________________________________________________________________ è ________________________________________________________________________ è ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Cavity Type Definition/Drawing Example Organism BIO 150: Diversity & History of Life Skeletal Outline for Lecture Nervous System & Cephalization Early animals had __________________________________________________ Later animals have ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Cephalization: o Definition: _________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ o Coincided with the evolution of ________________________________________ o This type of _______________________ implies __________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Causes of Animal Diversification 1. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ o __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ o __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ 4. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ o __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ o __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ BIO 150: Diversity & History of Life Skeletal Outline for Lecture 5. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ o __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Developmental Regulatory Genes Definition: _____________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ o __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ HOX (Homeobox) Genes Virtually no variation because _______________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ o __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ Highly conserved between __________________________________________________ o __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ When there is a mutation in a HOX gene _______________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Deep/Genetic Homology Similar structures evolved in different animal groups independently (_______________) The genes used to produce these structures ___________________________________ ____________________________________ (_____________________________). o Sponges have genes that make ______________________________ o Jellyfish have genes that could make them _______________________________ BIO 150: Diversity & History of Life Skeletal Outline for Lecture Take Home Message on Animal Diversification 1. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Lecture Learning Objectives By the end of the lectures for this topic, you should know or be able to perform all the items/tasks listed below. As you read the textbook and review the lecture material, WRITE and/or DRAW a response to every one of the learning objectives listed below. Each objective will require a few sentences (some will be less, some more). This will help you focus your attention on the most important aspects of lecture and the reading material AND as you work you will be creating an exam study guide! 1. What are the characteristics that all animals have? 2. What are the categories for those characteristics (when applicable)? Could you define an animal’s feeding strategy using lecture vocab, for example? 3. What is the general animal life cycle? 4. What is the evolutionary benefit of undergoing metamorphosis? 5. What are the kinds of body symmetry animals can have? 6. What are tissue layers and how do they develop? What body parts are derived of each of the three major tissue types? 7. What are the three major gut types? 8. What is a coelom? What are the three major categories of body cavity? 9. What are the two major kinds of nervous system can animals have? Why do cephalization and bilateral symmetry go together? 10. What are the major causes of animal diversification? What are the “take home messages” of animal diversification? 11. What are HOX genes? What do they do? What happens when they are manipulated? 12. What is a deep/genetic homology? BIO 150: Diversity & History of Life Skeletal Outline for Lecture